Stable Production Technology for Horizontal Well Development in Shallow Water Delta Oilfield of Bohai Bay, China

BZ Oilfield is a medium-sized oilfield with shallow delta facies deposits in Bohai Bay of China,compared with fluvial and delta facies oilfields,there is no mature experience for reference of reservoir configuration,well pattern arrangement and development model in offshore oilfields in China.In view of the difficulty in describing the reservoir configuration of shallow water delta,the single distributary sand dam in shallow water delta is characterized by well-seismic combination and multi-attribute constraints.The mathematical mechanism model of pinch-out position of sand body is established,fine characterization of BZ shallow water delta reservoir is put forward.The horizontal well pattern arrangement type for shallow water delta reservoir is proposed and the method of well pattern optimization based on vertical displacement theory is put forward.A method of inversion of reservoir connectivity using production dynamic data by numerical well testing is proposed and a new method for optimizing water injection rate in water injection wells is proposed aiming at the difficulty of recognizing injection-production connectivity of shallow water delta reservoirs.The fine configuration of BZ shallow water delta reservoir based on distributary sand dam is proposed,which guides the recognition of remaining oil distribution law.By deploying adjustment wells,the water flooding coincidence degree of actual drilling is 86% compared with that of pre-drilling prediction,which indicates that the research results of reservoir configuration can effectively guide the understanding of oilfield geology.Through the theoretical well arrangement type of vertical displacement of single sand body in horizontal wells of shallow water delta reservoir,a high water flooding recovery rate of 35% is achieved in primary well pattern.The connectivity coefficients of injection-production boundary of shallow water delta reservoir configuration are calculated,and the water injection distribution coefficients are obtained by normalizing the directional coefficients.This paper presents a configuration method based on multi-attribute fusion under the constraints of sedimentary process.In this paper,a shallow water delta reservoir configuration method based on multi-attribute fusion constrained by sedimentary process is proposed,and the injection-production connectivity coefficient and injection well distribution coefficient of the configuration boundary are calculated.

Overburden fracture evolution laws and water-controlling technologies in mining very thick coal seam under water-rich roof

Considering the danger of water inrush in mining very thick coal seam under water-rich roof in Majialiang Coal Mine,the universal discrete element(UDEC)software was used to simulate the overburden fracture evolution laws when mining 4#coal seam.Besides,this study researched on the influence of face advancing length,speed and mining height on the height of the water flowing fractured zones(HWFFZ),and analyzed the correlation of face advancing length and change rules of aquifer water levels and goaf water inflow.Based on those mentioned above,this research proposed the following water-controlling technologies:draining the roof water before mining,draining goaf water,reasonable advancing speed and mining thickness.These water-controlling technologies were successfully used in the feld,thus ensured safely mining the very thick coal seam under water-rich roof.

Rationalizing the Use of Water in Industry—Part 2: Instruments Developed by the Clean Technology Network in the State of Bahia

The instruments developed by the Clean Technology Network of Bahia (TECLIM) at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) (cited in Part 1 of this paper) are presented. Factors regarding water management in industry were examined, on the basis of experience acquired over the period of a decade in cooperative research projects with large industrial process plants located mostly in the Camacari Petrochemical Complex, Bahia State, Brazil. The main results consist of training about 1700 industry professionals in CP, the identification of about 500 ideas for the rationalization of water use, the presentation and publication of 90 articles in journals, conferences and other academic events, identification of ideas with potential water savings estimated at around 1400 t·h–1 and the reduction of at least 500 t·h–1 in effluents. Other sectors that make use of water, for example public buildings, commercial buildings, homes, shopping centers and airports can adapt and use the TECLIM method as will be exemplified.

Rationalizing the Use of Water in Industry—Part 1: Summary of the Instruments Developed by the Clean Technology Network in the State of Bahia and Main Results Obtained

Based on cleaner production concepts, a method for water use minimization has been developed by the Clean Technology Network of Bahia (TECLIM) at one of the largest industrial complexes in Latin America located in the State of Bahia, Brazil. This method is concerned with an area of secondary interest to the productive sector: the use of water. Based on the best cleaner production principles (CP), nine instruments have been developed during cooperative projects with chemical, petrochemical and copper metallurgical industries. These instruments are described in Part 2 of this paper [1]. The main benefits derived from partnership schemes include: a reduction in water consumption and effluent generation;the development of a techno-operational culture to increase eco-efficiency;and the introduction of conceptual projects to ensure the continuity of the activities in the company after the projects have been completed. The specific consumption of water was reduced by 20% as a consequence of the application of this method in Company A;a specific reduction in the generation of effluents of more than 40% was observed in Company B;a 42% fall in fresh water consumption in Company C;and a 20% decrease in the cost of effluent treatment in Company D. Among the difficulties encountered were the limited time availability of the operators and engineers for the project, the lack of measurement and calibration of available flow meters and the lack of detailed technical data.

Technological progress and development directions of PetroChina overseas oil and gas field production

This study reviews the development history of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field development technologies, summarizes the characteristic technologies developed, and puts forward the development goals and technological development directions of overseas business to overcome the challenges met in overseas oil and gas production. In the course of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field production practice of more than 20 years, a series of characteristic technologies suitable for overseas oil and gas fields have been created by combining the domestic mature oil and gas field production technologies with the features of overseas oil and gas reservoirs, represented by the technology for high-speed development and stabilizing oil production and controlling water rise for overseas sandstone oilfields, high efficiency development technology for large carbonate oil and gas reservoirs and foamy oil depletion development technology in use of horizontal wells for extra-heavy oil reservoirs. Based on in-depth analysis of the challenges faced by overseas oil and gas development and technological requirements, combined with the development trends of oil and gas development technologies in China and abroad, overseas oil and gas development technologies in the future are put forward, including artificial intelligence reservoir prediction and 3 D geological modeling, secondary development and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) of overseas sandstone oilfields after high speed development, water and gas injection to improve oil recovery in overseas carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, economic and effective development of overseas unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, efficient development of marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs. The following goals are expected to be achieved: keep the enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technology for high water-cut sandstone oilfield at international advanced level, and make the development technology for carbonate oil and gas reservoirs reach the international advanced level, and the development technologies for unconventional and marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs catch up the level of international leading oil companies quickly.

发展水利新质生产力做好科技创新大文章

新质生产力是以创新为主导、变革传统增长路径、符合高质量发展要求的新型生产力。发展水利新质生产力,要深刻认识科技创新的核心要素地位,以科技创新建构新的生产工具体系、配置新的生产资料体系、建立新的生产函数,要聚焦国家重大战略需求和水安全保障能力提升,从构建国家水网、建设数字孪生水利、健全水利标准体系、建构河流伦理、培育新质人才队伍等方面,发挥好科技创新的战略支撑作用,为加快发展水利新质生产力提供坚实科技支撑引领。

数字孪生水利赋能水利新质生产力发展框架研究

发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。进入新发展阶段,数字孪生水利因其具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征,成为水利新质生产力的最显著标志和最有力抓手。水利部党组将推进数字孪生水利建设作为推动新阶段水利高质量发展的显著标志和重要路径,其本质就是在发展水利新质生产力。基于新质生产力的科学内涵和重大意义,探讨辨析建设数字孪生水利与发展新质生产力之间的内在联系和逻辑,并从建设行动、关键技术、标准体系、人才培养等方面提出以数字孪生水利驱动引领水利新质生产力发展的实施路径。

引领新时代水土保持之科技前瞻

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》,对水土保持高质量发展提出了新的时代要求。全面提升水土保持功能和生态产品供给能力是新时代水土保持攻坚的目标与任务。新时代水土保持科学技术支撑十分重要和紧迫,应从以下几方面加快科技创新和应用:区域水土流失治理减量降级目标与评价,实行水土保持率不同阈值的区域水土保持分类指导,构建水土保持功能分析指标体系,探索生态系统水土保持功能提升技术;建立水土保持重点区域空间管控制度,实施差别化管理,探索并推广不同类型农林开发活动水土保持技术措施;生产建设项目水土保持方案智慧管理,水土流失风险评价与智能预警,建立绿色设计绿色施工标准,探索视频监控与跟踪管理;加强山水林田湖草沙系统治理技术支撑,以生态清洁小流域促进乡村振兴与共同富裕,探索水土流失治理中生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性提升技术,推进水土流失科学治理智慧指导与智能管理;加快水土保持碳汇研究与市场交易,建立水土保持生态损害价值评估体系,深化水土流失测报与动态监测等基础研究。以创新理论、技术、机制的新探索,全面提升水土保持治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,服务高质量发展。

煤矿生产区周边水体环境重金属污染分析与治理技术

水体环境受污染会严重影响生态平衡,利用物理化学技术与生物治理技术相结合的方式,治理煤矿生产区水体环境重金属污染。在分析重金属污染情况后,考虑到重金属污染物进入水体后会出现降解、沉淀、氧化以及吸附反应,根据水体环境实时变化特征,利用物理与化学治理技术实施过滤、物理吸附、土壤淋漓以及化学固化操作。同时,利用水中微生物种群,通过生物治理的方式,消纳、转移重金属污染物。实验结果表明,该技术对水中的锰、铁以及铬等重金属元素均能高效地治理、去除。

露天矿山无人驾驶编组运行关键技术

分析了当前国内外露天矿山智能化发展现状;介绍了无人驾驶编组运行阶段关键技术,包括:构建智能化管理与监控系统、无人驾驶改造、数据实时传输,以及构建协同作业管理系统和无人运输安全防护网,从而实现露天矿山装、运、排联合作业智能化。结果表明:逐步完善监控、数据处理、路径规划、防护措施,可保障无人驾驶编组运行稳定推进,为消除人员不安全行为、保障职工生命健康、降本增效提供现实可行性,从而实现智能化露天矿山安全稳定发展目标。

高含水致密凝析气藏稳产技术应用——以四川盆地安岳气田须家河组气藏为例

四川盆地安岳气田上三叠统须家河组二段气藏为低孔、低渗、有水、中含凝析油、弹性气驱、高压岩性圈闭的砂岩气藏,气藏底水能量充足。针对气井生产过程中受地层水水侵和反凝析污染影响造成稳产难度较大的情况,结合储层及气井产液特征,开展有水凝析气井稳产技术应用实践,分析并总结应用实践经验和成果,选取了应用效果较好的注气吞吐、电潜泵排水、车载压缩机气举、柱塞气举排液和自动化开关井5种稳产技术。结果表明:①针对储层反凝析液伤害,形成单井注气吞吐技术应用选井原则;②针对气藏水体赋存特征和水侵模式特征,调整气藏排水采气对策思路,采用电潜泵排水技术和车载压缩机气举技术;③针对地层压力低、举升能量不足,优化油、气、水三相流动条件下的柱塞气举排液技术;④针对低压间歇生产井采用自动化开关井技术,增加生产效率,降低人工成本。对5种主要稳产技术的应用情况进行了分析评价,认为一系列稳产技术的应用有助于安岳气田须二段气藏稳定生产,为类似高含水致密凝析气藏的稳产提供了借鉴和参考。

新型灌溉技术在果树中应用的研究进展

果树是我国农业中重要的支柱产业,而我国水资源匮乏是影响果树生产的瓶颈问题。近年,研究学者根据果树的需水特性、生长发育规律、栽培环境条件等因素,研制多种新型节水灌溉技术,并得到较好的试验印证效果,该文将国内外有关新型灌溉技术在果树中的研究进行综合阐述,并对今后新型灌溉技术进行展望,以期将新型灌溉技术更好地服务于果树生产、提高果园管理水平提供借鉴。

基于BP神经网络模型的矿井生产预警技术研究

矿井生产具有高动态、快时变、混沌和随机特点,生产过程中的人、设备、环境、管理等海量数据存在多源异构特征使得安全风险评估不确定性增加。使用智能算法对空间生产场景进行模拟建模,对影响矿井安全的因素建立预警指标体系并对指标量化与预处理,通过BP神经网络模型对预处理后的指标数据模型训练与测试,测试结果表明,随着迭代次数的增加,模型的收敛性与准确率极大提高,可以最大限度地提供矿井安全风险评估决策所用信息、为提高煤矿安全监测的效率和监测深度提供技术支持。

废弃矿区周边受污染水体生物修复技术

废弃矿区中受污染的水体可能会渗入地下水或河流,导致附近的水源污染。为此,采用生物修复技术,对废弃矿区周边受污染水体的修复方法展开研究。分析了矿区周边环境以及相关气候信息,确定该矿区周边污染水体污染物分布特征,根据分布结果布设样本测试点;利用生物膜法在样本测试点中进行污染水体的修复,修复过程中,需要对微生物实施培养、驯化,进一步增加微生物降解污水的活性;将驯化好的污泥转置进IC厌氧反应器中,产生氧化生物膜,投入测试点水域中,通过污泥吸附作用产生氧化生物膜,实现污染水体生物修复。实验结果表明,利用生物膜方法对污染水体进行修复,能够有效去除水体中总石油烃、多环芳烃等污染物质,并中和水体酸碱度,使水体完成修复后达到可排放安全标准。

大庆油田调整井固井技术研究

大庆油田经过多年的调整开发,受地层非均质性、井网加密、动态注采开发等影响,已改变了原始井下环境。针对大庆油田异常高压层油水侵、高渗低压层界面胶结质量差两方面难题,以“地质先行,一井一策”为指导思想,开展了钻井地质、水泥浆体系、固井工具等技术攻关,形成注水开采油田调整井固井配套技术。现场应用取得了良好效果,为大庆油田原油产能建设提供井筒保障。

三维动态测量技术在地下矿山的测绘与安全生产管理应用实践

伴随三维测量科学技术的持续进步及其发展,市场上出现更多三维激光类型的测量仪器设备及先进技术手段,大部分为固定形式,未达到较高的使用效率。三维动态测量技术,其往往有着主动性、快速性、数字化、高密度及高精度性、非接触性等等方面特点,地下矿山各类测绘项目当中,相比较于单点测量传统方法,三维动态化的扫描技术基本优势集中体现为非接触性及动态化的检测作业、数据采样较高速率方面。鉴于此,本文主要探讨地下矿山现场测绘及安全生产实际管理当中三维动态测量技术的应用实践,旨在为业内相关人士提供一定的指导或是参考。

基于微震监测技术的煤矿底板突水预警研究

煤矿底板突水是矿山生产中的主要灾害之一,其破坏性极大,因此,研究有效的突水预警技术具有重要意义。以董家河煤矿22517工作面为例,构建了微震监测系统,并对底板进行突水预警。监测数据显示,该煤矿的底板微震事件总共有191个,其中能量超过1000 J的微震事件仅为18个,占全部微震事件的9.63%,同时,该系统检测到的底板破坏深度约为11.01 m,与底板钻孔声波仪测试计算的数据仅相差0.22 m。这些数据可以说明研究所提出的微震监测技术能够有效预测煤矿底板的突水事故,起到了良好的预警作用,为煤矿开采作业的水害风险防范提供了可靠的技术支持。

深海水下技术装备发展研究

深海水下技术装备是认知深海、开发深海资源以及保护海洋生态的关键,拓展深海新空间面临复杂多变的环境挑战,亟需高水平的深海水下技术装备作支撑。本文立足我国海洋强国建设的发展实际,分析了深海水下技术装备的体系构成和发展需求,从深海观测/探测与感知系统、水下施工作业装备、深海水下油气生产系统、深海矿产资源开发装备4个方面出发,梳理了国外深海水下技术装备的发展现状和趋势。在此基础上,总结了我国深海水下技术装备研制的发展现状,分析了发展面临的工程挑战,剖析了相关关键技术装备体系和关键物理–力学机制,概括了深海水下技术装备的典型装备代表和装备图谱,凝练了我国深海水下技术装备的共性关键技术,涵盖智能化与自动化技术、精密元器件加工制造技术、高精度定位导航、高速率通信技术、大系统力学计算与分析和跨尺度工程设计方法与技术等方面。为实现我国深海水下技术装备的高质量发展,研究建议:加强深海水下工程技术发展的顶层设计,推动构建共性关键技术协作体系;增强我国深海水下技术规范和标准的行业影响力,大力开拓国际市场;高质量推进兼容通用的平台建设;注重培养深海水下工程科技创新人才,为加速实现海洋科技产业高水平发展提供支撑。

“双碳”背景下制氢技术前景展望

在全球能源转型的浪潮中,氢能产业迎来了前所未有的发展机遇。为促进氢能产业高速高质量发展,推动氢能从传统工业原料向大规模能源应用转型,国家发改委和能源局于2022年联合印发了《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021—2035年)》,从国家层面上明确氢的能源属性,提出氢能产业发展的基本原则以及各阶段的发展目标,部署了推动氢能产业良性健康发展的重要举措。围绕“双碳”目标下热门制氢技术的研究进展进行综述,分析各制氢技术的优缺点,最后对未来制氢技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

长江流域发展水利新质生产力路径探析

结合新阶段长江治理保护的基本特征和面临的挑战,分析新阶段流域高水平保护、高水平安全和高质量发展对科技创新的迫切需求,探讨推动发展水利新质生产力的重要任务,提出通过科技创新催生生态水利、智慧流域、绿色经济带、美丽长江建设等新产业的可行路径。