A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five grou...A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five groups of 14 minks each. The minks were fed in five kinds of experiment diets （HP, LP, LP＋M1, LP＋M2 and LP＋M3）. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter （DM）, were 32% （high protein, HP） and 24% （low protein, LP）. LP was supple- mented with Met 0.4% （M1）, 0.8% （M2） and 1.2% （M3） DM. From mid of September to December 10, apparent digestibility of CP （crude pro- tein）, N intake and urinary N excretion were decreased with declining dietary protein levels （p 〈 0.05） and N retained was the highest in treat- ment LP＋M2. No significant difference was found in total serum protein （TP） and serum urea nitrogen （SUN） among all treatment groups （p 〉 0.05）. Skin length of treatment HP and LP^M2 was higher than that of other groups （p 〈 0.05）. Body length, skin weight, length of guard hair and under hair were not affected by different dietary protein levels （p〉0.05）. The best performance could be observed in treatment LP＋M2. In diet, 24% （DM） protein level with 1.54% Met supplementing was enough for minks during growing-farring period. Dietary protein lowered from 32% to 24% with supplementing Met in diets would result in a37.9% decrease in urinary N excretion. Furthermore, addition of Met in diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reducing feed expenses and lessening nitrogen emissions to the environment.展开更多
Inter-simple Sequence Repeat （ISSR） analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity within and among five populations of mink from Liaoning Province. A total of 20 primers were screened, five selected primers p...Inter-simple Sequence Repeat （ISSR） analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity within and among five populations of mink from Liaoning Province. A total of 20 primers were screened, five selected primers produced 35 discernible bands, with 30 （85.71%） being polymorphic, indicating high genetic diversity at the species level. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the brown mink population, whereas the lowest diversity was found in the standard-pitchy mink population. Based on genetic distance （1972）, a dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA algorithm, and five populations were divided into two major groups. Group I consisted of only the standard-pitchy mink population, and Group II included other four populations, in Group II, sapphire mink was close to brown mink population. The results of genetic differentiation indicated that the genetic differentiation degree between populations was lower and the genetic variation primarily came from within populations. This paper showed that ISSR technique was a reliable tool that could be used to study genetic diversity in the mink.展开更多
[Objective] This paper aimed to study the mechanism of diarrhea of mink caused by Escherichia coil [Method] Through the detection of K88 fimbriae gene of E. coli, cloning of gene fragments and identification, then PCR...[Objective] This paper aimed to study the mechanism of diarrhea of mink caused by Escherichia coil [Method] Through the detection of K88 fimbriae gene of E. coli, cloning of gene fragments and identification, then PCR amplification was used to detect adhesion factor K88 gene, which was connected to T-vector and transformed into competent cells, and positive clones were selected. [ Results] E. coli 078, 029 and 038 were isolated from organs and feces of mink died of diarrhea in 3 mink farms, respectively, the 3 serotypes of E. coliwere detected in carrying K88 fimbriae gene and 3 positive clones were screened, respectively. [ Conclusion] The E. coli causing mink diarrhea carry K88 fimbriae gene.展开更多
Self-biting disease occurred in most farmed fur animals in the world. The mechanism and rapid detection method of this disease has not been reported. We applied bulked sergeant analysis （BSA） in combination with RAP...Self-biting disease occurred in most farmed fur animals in the world. The mechanism and rapid detection method of this disease has not been reported. We applied bulked sergeant analysis （BSA） in combination with RAPD method to analyze a molecular genetic marker linked with self-biting trait in mink group. The molecular marker was converted into sequence-characterized amplified regions （SCAR） marker for rapid detection of this disease. A single RAPD marker A8 amplified a specific band of 263bp in self-biting minks, which was designated as SRA8-250, and non-specific band of 315bp in both self-biting and healthy minks. The sequences of the bands exhibited 75% and 88% similarity to Canis familiarizes major histocompatibility complex （MHC） class II region and Macaca mulatta MHC class I region, respectively. A SCAR marker SCAR-A8 was designed for the specific fragment SRA8-250 and validated in 30 self-biting minks and 30 healthy minks. Positive amplification of SCAR-A8 was detected in 24 self-biting minks and 12 healthy minks. χ2 test showed significant difference （p〈0.01） in the detection rate between the two groups. This indicated that SRA8-250 can be used as a positive marker to detect self-biting disease in minks. Furthermore, the finding that self-biting disease links with MHC genes has significant implications for the mechanism of the disease.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and fat levels on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of male minks during the growing period. A total, of 90 healthy male minks...This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and fat levels on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of male minks during the growing period. A total, of 90 healthy male minks at the age of 60 d were randomly assigned into six groups with 15 replicates per group and one mink per replicate. The minks were fed six experimental diets with two protein levels （32% and 36% ） and three fat levels （ 10% , 20% and 30% ） for a 7-day preliminary period and then for 60-day experimental period. The results showed that the final body weight and average daily weight gain （ADWG） were significantly higher in low-protein, middle-fat group and low-protein, high-fat group than those in low-protein, low-fat group and high-protein, low-fat group （P 〈 0. O1 ）. The final weight and ADWG were increased with dietary fat level increasing, and the two indices of 20% and 30% fat groups were significantly higher than those of 10% fat groups （ P 〈 0. O1 ）. The ratio of feed intake to weight gain （F/G） in low-protein, high-fat group was the lowest, which was significantly lower than that in low- protein, low-fat group and high-protein, high-fat group （P 〈 0.05 ）. Serum urea nitrogen （UN） in low-protein, high-fat group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Serum alanine transaminase （ALT） activity in 32% protein groups was significantly higher than that in 36% protein groups （P 〈 O. 05）. Serum triglyceride （TG） content in low-protein, high-fat group and high-protein, high-fat group was significantly higher than that in low-protein, low-fat group and high-protein, low-fat groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. Serum TG, total cholesterol （TCHO） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL） contents increased with the increase in dietary fat level, and they were all the highest in low-protein, high-fat group. The growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of minks were not affected by the interaction between dietary protein and fat levels （P 〉 O. 05 ）. Considering all the factors, when the dietary protein is 32% and the fat level is 20% to 30% under the condition of this experiment, the dietary protein and fat utilization rates are higher, and the male minks during the growing period can get a better growth performance.展开更多
There were 4 Acinetobacter lwoffii obtained from soil samples.The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains to 16 antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.Three isolates showed the multi-drug resistanc...There were 4 Acinetobacter lwoffii obtained from soil samples.The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains to 16 antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.Three isolates showed the multi-drug resistance.The presence of resistance genes and integrons was determined using PCR.The aadA 1,aac（3＇）-IIc,aph（3＇）-VII,aac（6＇）-Ib,sul2,cat2,floR,and tet（K）genes were detected,respectively.展开更多
Metallothionein (MT) has a great capacity of binding heavy metals showing an interesting connection with metal toxicology, as a biochemical marker for environmental metal pollution. Anino-exchange high per formance li...Metallothionein (MT) has a great capacity of binding heavy metals showing an interesting connection with metal toxicology, as a biochemical marker for environmental metal pollution. Anino-exchange high per formance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to isolate and quantitate MT in livers of minks which were contaminated with heavy metals. MT isoforms (MT-I and MT-II) were eluted at approximately 11.3 and 14.3 min respectively from a DEAE-5 PW anion-exchange column with a Tris-HCl buffer (0.01 -0.25 mol/L, pH 8.6) and detected by UV absorbance at 254 nm. The cadmium concentrations in mink liver MT elutkms were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) . Obvious increase in liver MT-I concentration rather than liver MT-II was found when the minks were contaminated by feeding contaminated fish captured from the heavy metal-polluted river. The cadmium concentration in mink liver MT-I also increased to some extent as the contaminated level increased.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the changes of GHR gene expression in different tissues of mink.[Method] With American mink as the research object, the expression volumes of GHR gene in heart, liver, spleen, lung...[Objective] The paper was to explore the changes of GHR gene expression in different tissues of mink.[Method] With American mink as the research object, the expression volumes of GHR gene in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine and skin tissues at different growth stages(45, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of age) were detected by real-time PCR, and comparative analysis was performed.[Result] The GHR gene expressions in heart, liver and spleen tissues at 180 days of age were extremely higher than those at other days of age( P<0.01). The GHR gene expression in lung tissue at 120 days of age was extremely higher than those at other days of age( P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in intestine tissue at 45 and 120 days of age were extremely higher than those at other days of age(P<0.01), but no significant difference was observed between 45 and 120 days of age(P>0.05). The GHR gene expression in kidney tissue at 150 days of age was significantly higher than those at other days of age( P<0.05).The GHR gene expression in skin tissue was extremely higher than that those at other days of age( P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in intestinal tissue at 45 and 120 days of age were extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in skin tissue at 90 days of age was extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in intestine, spleen and kidney tissues at 150 days of age were extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in spleen tissue at 180 days of age was extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01).[Conclusion] The expression of GHR gene in mink showed obvious spatio-temporal specificity.展开更多
Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered species.Pre-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction survival.However,studies reported contrad...Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered species.Pre-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction survival.However,studies reported contradicting outcomes after pre-release training of juveniles and adults.This study used farmed and feral American mink(Neovison vison)to analyze the influence of captive breeding on the morphology,structure and efficiency of the two major hindlimb levers,the femur and tibia pivoted by hip and knee joints that are essential for locomotion.Results showed that captive breeding did not alter the sexual dimorphism of the two levers that are related to survival in the wild.Captive-bred mink showed slightly altered morphology of the femur and fundamental structure of the hindlimb levers that improved efficiency,but this resulted in reduction of performance related to foraging in both terrestrial and aquatic environments,especially for females.These findings suggest that reintroduction of mustelid as exampled by the mink here should focus on juveniles because the skeletal alterations associated with captive rearing were recorded only among adults and are irreversible in adulthood.In contrast,captive-reared juveniles showed no skeletal alterations and would be expected to recovery from any atrophy of the muscular system caused by captive rearing for shorter durations.Our results support the application of pre-release training of juveniles in enriched environments as a method for alleviating structural alteration of appendages and enhancing locomotion to increase survival probability in complex habitats.展开更多
Whale age at sexual maturity is one of the most important biological parameters that can be used in stock management and population analysis. Earplugs have been widely used as an indicator of age among rorquals. It ha...Whale age at sexual maturity is one of the most important biological parameters that can be used in stock management and population analysis. Earplugs have been widely used as an indicator of age among rorquals. It has also been accepted that the transition phase in the earplug can be used as an indicator of age at sexual maturity in fin whales, sei whales, and Antarctic minke whales. This study aimed to provide further insight into the utility of the transition phase as an indicator of age at sexual maturity in the North Pacific common minke whales, which has not yet been clarified. The relationship between sexual maturity and transition phase in earplugs was examined using 981 readable earplugs from common minke whales that were sampled at the JARPN and JARPN II scientific permit survey platform in the western North Pacific from 1994 to 2011. The transition phase was recognized in 53.2% of mature males and in 58.6% of mature females. Most whales in which the transition phase was recognized in the earplug were sexually mature. A significant correlation was found between the number of corpora and time after sexual maturation, as revealed by the transition phase, demonstrating that the transition phase is a valid indicator of age at sexual maturity in common minke whales. However, it was difficult to recognize the transition phase in whales that had recently attained sexual maturity because insufficient time had elapsed since its formation. To avoid potential bias, the use of earplugs as an indicator of age should be restricted to whales more than 12 years old.展开更多
[ Objective] To clone exon 1 and its flanking sequences of MLPH gene from minks raised in western Liaoning region and to predict its structure. The study will provide a theoretical basis for breeding of colored mink. ...[ Objective] To clone exon 1 and its flanking sequences of MLPH gene from minks raised in western Liaoning region and to predict its structure. The study will provide a theoretical basis for breeding of colored mink. [Method] The exon 1 and its 5＇-flanking sequences of MLPHgene were amplified from minks. SignalP 3.0 Server, ClustalX 1.83, Mega 4.1, TMHM 2.0, ProtComp v6.0 and other software were used for sequence analysis. [ Result] A 1 029-bp fragment was amplified with the expected size. As calculated with the Mega 4.1, the minks had the nearest genetic distance with rattus （0.540 5） and the farthest with human （0.655 2）. Phylogenetic tree of mink was constructed. [ Conclusion] The mink MLPH gene encodes a secretory protein.展开更多
Although four species of odontocete and four species of baleen whale have been recorded in Prydz Bay,their vocalizations have been rarely investigated.Underwater vocalizations were recorded during March 2017 in Prydz ...Although four species of odontocete and four species of baleen whale have been recorded in Prydz Bay,their vocalizations have been rarely investigated.Underwater vocalizations were recorded during March 2017 in Prydz Bay,Antarctica.Bio-duck sounds,downsweeps,inverted“u”shape signals,whistles,pulsed sounds,and broadband clicks were recorded.Bio-duck sounds and downsweeps were associated with Antarctic minke whales(Balaenoptera bonaerensis)based on visual observations.Similarities between inverted“u”shape signals,biphonic calls,and clicks with vocalizations previously described for killer whales(Orcinus orca)lead us believe the presence of Antarctic killer whales.According to sound structures,signal characteristics,and recording location,Antarctic type C killer whales were the most probable candidates to produce these detected calls.These represent the fi rst detection of inverted“u”shape signals in Antarctic waters,and the fi rst report of Antarctic killer whale in Prydz Bay based on passive acoustic monitoring.The co-existence of Antarctic minke and killer whales may imply that minke whales can detect diff erences between the sounds of mammal-eating and fi sh-eating killer whales.Our descriptions of these underwater vocalizations contribute to the limited body of information regarding the distribution and acoustic behavior of cetaceans in Prydz Bay.展开更多
The present study sought to find out how carotenoid supplement influences on body weights, feed consumption and reproductive success in standard farm mink (Neovison vison). Carotenoids were from microalgae Haematococc...The present study sought to find out how carotenoid supplement influences on body weights, feed consumption and reproductive success in standard farm mink (Neovison vison). Carotenoids were from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. A dose of carotenoid supplement of 0.20, 0.25, 0.20, 0.20, and 0.10 g/animal was added daily in feed in February, March, April, May and June, respectively. Experimental groups were: 1) control group, and 2) carotenoid group. Each group comprised 100 females and 25 males. The results showed that appetite of animals in all groups was good. Significant differences were not found in body weights before breeding. However, weights of control females were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with those of carotenoid fed animals when kits aged 21 days. At the age of 21 and 42 days, body weights of kits were similar in both groups. However, kits from carotenoid group tended to grow better (P < 0.1) than those from control group. Number of whelped females was lower in control group (81 vs 85 females). Number of barren females was higher in control than in carotenoid group (16 vs 13 females). Significant differences were not found in number of kits per mated and whelped female. Number of lost kits was higher in the control group at the age of 21 days (24 vs 20 kits) and the age of 42 days (40 vs 26 kits). The present study showed that carotenoid supplement could be used in mink diet. The results are promising, but require further studies before final implementation.展开更多
基金supported by Special Fund for Public Welfare Technology Research of Agricultural Industry (200903014)
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five groups of 14 minks each. The minks were fed in five kinds of experiment diets （HP, LP, LP＋M1, LP＋M2 and LP＋M3）. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter （DM）, were 32% （high protein, HP） and 24% （low protein, LP）. LP was supple- mented with Met 0.4% （M1）, 0.8% （M2） and 1.2% （M3） DM. From mid of September to December 10, apparent digestibility of CP （crude pro- tein）, N intake and urinary N excretion were decreased with declining dietary protein levels （p 〈 0.05） and N retained was the highest in treat- ment LP＋M2. No significant difference was found in total serum protein （TP） and serum urea nitrogen （SUN） among all treatment groups （p 〉 0.05）. Skin length of treatment HP and LP^M2 was higher than that of other groups （p 〈 0.05）. Body length, skin weight, length of guard hair and under hair were not affected by different dietary protein levels （p〉0.05）. The best performance could be observed in treatment LP＋M2. In diet, 24% （DM） protein level with 1.54% Met supplementing was enough for minks during growing-farring period. Dietary protein lowered from 32% to 24% with supplementing Met in diets would result in a37.9% decrease in urinary N excretion. Furthermore, addition of Met in diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reducing feed expenses and lessening nitrogen emissions to the environment.
文摘Inter-simple Sequence Repeat （ISSR） analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity within and among five populations of mink from Liaoning Province. A total of 20 primers were screened, five selected primers produced 35 discernible bands, with 30 （85.71%） being polymorphic, indicating high genetic diversity at the species level. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the brown mink population, whereas the lowest diversity was found in the standard-pitchy mink population. Based on genetic distance （1972）, a dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA algorithm, and five populations were divided into two major groups. Group I consisted of only the standard-pitchy mink population, and Group II included other four populations, in Group II, sapphire mink was close to brown mink population. The results of genetic differentiation indicated that the genetic differentiation degree between populations was lower and the genetic variation primarily came from within populations. This paper showed that ISSR technique was a reliable tool that could be used to study genetic diversity in the mink.
基金China Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund(NO.20100470565)Hebei Sustain Program of Science and Technology(NO.10960408D)Qinhuangdao Scientific and Technological Development Program(NO.201101A182)
文摘[Objective] This paper aimed to study the mechanism of diarrhea of mink caused by Escherichia coil [Method] Through the detection of K88 fimbriae gene of E. coli, cloning of gene fragments and identification, then PCR amplification was used to detect adhesion factor K88 gene, which was connected to T-vector and transformed into competent cells, and positive clones were selected. [ Results] E. coli 078, 029 and 038 were isolated from organs and feces of mink died of diarrhea in 3 mink farms, respectively, the 3 serotypes of E. coliwere detected in carrying K88 fimbriae gene and 3 positive clones were screened, respectively. [ Conclusion] The E. coli causing mink diarrhea carry K88 fimbriae gene.
文摘Self-biting disease occurred in most farmed fur animals in the world. The mechanism and rapid detection method of this disease has not been reported. We applied bulked sergeant analysis （BSA） in combination with RAPD method to analyze a molecular genetic marker linked with self-biting trait in mink group. The molecular marker was converted into sequence-characterized amplified regions （SCAR） marker for rapid detection of this disease. A single RAPD marker A8 amplified a specific band of 263bp in self-biting minks, which was designated as SRA8-250, and non-specific band of 315bp in both self-biting and healthy minks. The sequences of the bands exhibited 75% and 88% similarity to Canis familiarizes major histocompatibility complex （MHC） class II region and Macaca mulatta MHC class I region, respectively. A SCAR marker SCAR-A8 was designed for the specific fragment SRA8-250 and validated in 30 self-biting minks and 30 healthy minks. Positive amplification of SCAR-A8 was detected in 24 self-biting minks and 12 healthy minks. χ2 test showed significant difference （p〈0.01） in the detection rate between the two groups. This indicated that SRA8-250 can be used as a positive marker to detect self-biting disease in minks. Furthermore, the finding that self-biting disease links with MHC genes has significant implications for the mechanism of the disease.
基金Supported by Natural Foundation of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20150101112JC)The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and fat levels on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of male minks during the growing period. A total, of 90 healthy male minks at the age of 60 d were randomly assigned into six groups with 15 replicates per group and one mink per replicate. The minks were fed six experimental diets with two protein levels （32% and 36% ） and three fat levels （ 10% , 20% and 30% ） for a 7-day preliminary period and then for 60-day experimental period. The results showed that the final body weight and average daily weight gain （ADWG） were significantly higher in low-protein, middle-fat group and low-protein, high-fat group than those in low-protein, low-fat group and high-protein, low-fat group （P 〈 0. O1 ）. The final weight and ADWG were increased with dietary fat level increasing, and the two indices of 20% and 30% fat groups were significantly higher than those of 10% fat groups （ P 〈 0. O1 ）. The ratio of feed intake to weight gain （F/G） in low-protein, high-fat group was the lowest, which was significantly lower than that in low- protein, low-fat group and high-protein, high-fat group （P 〈 0.05 ）. Serum urea nitrogen （UN） in low-protein, high-fat group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Serum alanine transaminase （ALT） activity in 32% protein groups was significantly higher than that in 36% protein groups （P 〈 O. 05）. Serum triglyceride （TG） content in low-protein, high-fat group and high-protein, high-fat group was significantly higher than that in low-protein, low-fat group and high-protein, low-fat groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. Serum TG, total cholesterol （TCHO） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL） contents increased with the increase in dietary fat level, and they were all the highest in low-protein, high-fat group. The growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of minks were not affected by the interaction between dietary protein and fat levels （P 〉 O. 05 ）. Considering all the factors, when the dietary protein is 32% and the fat level is 20% to 30% under the condition of this experiment, the dietary protein and fat utilization rates are higher, and the male minks during the growing period can get a better growth performance.
基金supported by the Innovation Project Foundation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(20140204066NY)Development Plan of Science and Technology in Jilin Province(20150520128JH)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture,China(201303042)
文摘There were 4 Acinetobacter lwoffii obtained from soil samples.The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains to 16 antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.Three isolates showed the multi-drug resistance.The presence of resistance genes and integrons was determined using PCR.The aadA 1,aac（3＇）-IIc,aph（3＇）-VII,aac（6＇）-Ib,sul2,cat2,floR,and tet（K）genes were detected,respectively.
文摘Metallothionein (MT) has a great capacity of binding heavy metals showing an interesting connection with metal toxicology, as a biochemical marker for environmental metal pollution. Anino-exchange high per formance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to isolate and quantitate MT in livers of minks which were contaminated with heavy metals. MT isoforms (MT-I and MT-II) were eluted at approximately 11.3 and 14.3 min respectively from a DEAE-5 PW anion-exchange column with a Tris-HCl buffer (0.01 -0.25 mol/L, pH 8.6) and detected by UV absorbance at 254 nm. The cadmium concentrations in mink liver MT elutkms were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) . Obvious increase in liver MT-I concentration rather than liver MT-II was found when the minks were contaminated by feeding contaminated fish captured from the heavy metal-polluted river. The cadmium concentration in mink liver MT-I also increased to some extent as the contaminated level increased.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501958)Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20150101113JC)Special Animal Genetic Resources Inno-vation Team Foundation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the changes of GHR gene expression in different tissues of mink.[Method] With American mink as the research object, the expression volumes of GHR gene in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine and skin tissues at different growth stages(45, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of age) were detected by real-time PCR, and comparative analysis was performed.[Result] The GHR gene expressions in heart, liver and spleen tissues at 180 days of age were extremely higher than those at other days of age( P<0.01). The GHR gene expression in lung tissue at 120 days of age was extremely higher than those at other days of age( P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in intestine tissue at 45 and 120 days of age were extremely higher than those at other days of age(P<0.01), but no significant difference was observed between 45 and 120 days of age(P>0.05). The GHR gene expression in kidney tissue at 150 days of age was significantly higher than those at other days of age( P<0.05).The GHR gene expression in skin tissue was extremely higher than that those at other days of age( P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in intestinal tissue at 45 and 120 days of age were extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in skin tissue at 90 days of age was extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in intestine, spleen and kidney tissues at 150 days of age were extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01). The GHR gene expressions in spleen tissue at 180 days of age was extremely higher than those in other tissues(P<0.01).[Conclusion] The expression of GHR gene in mink showed obvious spatio-temporal specificity.
基金funded by China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Project for Rescue and Captive Breeding of Endangered and Rare Wildlife(2018).
文摘Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered species.Pre-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction survival.However,studies reported contradicting outcomes after pre-release training of juveniles and adults.This study used farmed and feral American mink(Neovison vison)to analyze the influence of captive breeding on the morphology,structure and efficiency of the two major hindlimb levers,the femur and tibia pivoted by hip and knee joints that are essential for locomotion.Results showed that captive breeding did not alter the sexual dimorphism of the two levers that are related to survival in the wild.Captive-bred mink showed slightly altered morphology of the femur and fundamental structure of the hindlimb levers that improved efficiency,but this resulted in reduction of performance related to foraging in both terrestrial and aquatic environments,especially for females.These findings suggest that reintroduction of mustelid as exampled by the mink here should focus on juveniles because the skeletal alterations associated with captive rearing were recorded only among adults and are irreversible in adulthood.In contrast,captive-reared juveniles showed no skeletal alterations and would be expected to recovery from any atrophy of the muscular system caused by captive rearing for shorter durations.Our results support the application of pre-release training of juveniles in enriched environments as a method for alleviating structural alteration of appendages and enhancing locomotion to increase survival probability in complex habitats.
文摘Whale age at sexual maturity is one of the most important biological parameters that can be used in stock management and population analysis. Earplugs have been widely used as an indicator of age among rorquals. It has also been accepted that the transition phase in the earplug can be used as an indicator of age at sexual maturity in fin whales, sei whales, and Antarctic minke whales. This study aimed to provide further insight into the utility of the transition phase as an indicator of age at sexual maturity in the North Pacific common minke whales, which has not yet been clarified. The relationship between sexual maturity and transition phase in earplugs was examined using 981 readable earplugs from common minke whales that were sampled at the JARPN and JARPN II scientific permit survey platform in the western North Pacific from 1994 to 2011. The transition phase was recognized in 53.2% of mature males and in 58.6% of mature females. Most whales in which the transition phase was recognized in the earplug were sexually mature. A significant correlation was found between the number of corpora and time after sexual maturation, as revealed by the transition phase, demonstrating that the transition phase is a valid indicator of age at sexual maturity in common minke whales. However, it was difficult to recognize the transition phase in whales that had recently attained sexual maturity because insufficient time had elapsed since its formation. To avoid potential bias, the use of earplugs as an indicator of age should be restricted to whales more than 12 years old.
基金supported by the Starting Fund for Doctors of Liaoning Medical College
文摘[ Objective] To clone exon 1 and its flanking sequences of MLPH gene from minks raised in western Liaoning region and to predict its structure. The study will provide a theoretical basis for breeding of colored mink. [Method] The exon 1 and its 5＇-flanking sequences of MLPHgene were amplified from minks. SignalP 3.0 Server, ClustalX 1.83, Mega 4.1, TMHM 2.0, ProtComp v6.0 and other software were used for sequence analysis. [ Result] A 1 029-bp fragment was amplified with the expected size. As calculated with the Mega 4.1, the minks had the nearest genetic distance with rattus （0.540 5） and the farthest with human （0.655 2）. Phylogenetic tree of mink was constructed. [ Conclusion] The mink MLPH gene encodes a secretory protein.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41906170)the Indian Ocean Ninety-east Ridge Ecosystem and Marine Environment Monitoring and Protection(No.DY135-E2-4)+1 种基金the Cooperation of Top Predators Observation in the Southern Ocean(No.QT4519003)the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund。
文摘Although four species of odontocete and four species of baleen whale have been recorded in Prydz Bay,their vocalizations have been rarely investigated.Underwater vocalizations were recorded during March 2017 in Prydz Bay,Antarctica.Bio-duck sounds,downsweeps,inverted“u”shape signals,whistles,pulsed sounds,and broadband clicks were recorded.Bio-duck sounds and downsweeps were associated with Antarctic minke whales(Balaenoptera bonaerensis)based on visual observations.Similarities between inverted“u”shape signals,biphonic calls,and clicks with vocalizations previously described for killer whales(Orcinus orca)lead us believe the presence of Antarctic killer whales.According to sound structures,signal characteristics,and recording location,Antarctic type C killer whales were the most probable candidates to produce these detected calls.These represent the fi rst detection of inverted“u”shape signals in Antarctic waters,and the fi rst report of Antarctic killer whale in Prydz Bay based on passive acoustic monitoring.The co-existence of Antarctic minke and killer whales may imply that minke whales can detect diff erences between the sounds of mammal-eating and fi sh-eating killer whales.Our descriptions of these underwater vocalizations contribute to the limited body of information regarding the distribution and acoustic behavior of cetaceans in Prydz Bay.
文摘The present study sought to find out how carotenoid supplement influences on body weights, feed consumption and reproductive success in standard farm mink (Neovison vison). Carotenoids were from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. A dose of carotenoid supplement of 0.20, 0.25, 0.20, 0.20, and 0.10 g/animal was added daily in feed in February, March, April, May and June, respectively. Experimental groups were: 1) control group, and 2) carotenoid group. Each group comprised 100 females and 25 males. The results showed that appetite of animals in all groups was good. Significant differences were not found in body weights before breeding. However, weights of control females were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with those of carotenoid fed animals when kits aged 21 days. At the age of 21 and 42 days, body weights of kits were similar in both groups. However, kits from carotenoid group tended to grow better (P < 0.1) than those from control group. Number of whelped females was lower in control group (81 vs 85 females). Number of barren females was higher in control than in carotenoid group (16 vs 13 females). Significant differences were not found in number of kits per mated and whelped female. Number of lost kits was higher in the control group at the age of 21 days (24 vs 20 kits) and the age of 42 days (40 vs 26 kits). The present study showed that carotenoid supplement could be used in mink diet. The results are promising, but require further studies before final implementation.
