Analysis of the Features of the Vernacular Plank Houses of the Qiang Ethnic Group in Southern Songpan County: A Case Study of Xiaoxinggou

The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements of ethnic groups such as Baima Tibetans, Amdo Tibetans, and the Qiang people living in Wenxian county, Longnan city of Gansu province, and Maoxian, Lixian, Wenchuan, and Beichuan of Sichuan province respectively.Although VPHs of the Qiang people living in southern Songpan share many similarities with those of adjacent Tibetans in structure, construction, and spatial layout, they feature the Qiang people's unique architectural culture, and reflect a style transition from VPHs in the north to blockhouses in the south.The VPHs, as represented by those in Xiaoxinggou, play a significant role in the diversified architectural culture of this ethnic group.Their unique cultural value is worthy of further exploration and protection.

Field Study on Indoor Thermal and Luminous Environment in Winter of Vernacular Houses in Northern Hebei Province of China

In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelopes were selected. The field surveys included investigation on building material and construction,measurement of indoor thermal environment, infrared thermographic study of building envelopes and measurement of luminous environment. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures were below thermal comfort zone from late night till early morning and the horizontal temperature gradient was obvious. The adobe wall showed better thermal performance than the other two. As for the building layout,it is beneficial to put a storeroom on the north side of the house as a temperature buffer zone. Furthermore,due to missing insulation and the informal process of construction,significant amounts of heat escaped from building envelopes,especially from the corner of wall,ceiling and around the openings. The daylight factors on the work plan in the main rooms were accordance with design standards and the level of illuminance met the requirements of family's daily activities.

Confucian Moralizing Functions of Vernacular Houses:A Case Study of Vernacular Houses of Dongting East Mountain and West Mountain

Confucian ethics, idea and behavior criterion were embodied in "everything" of life, especially in the building as an important tool for moralizing. Taking a case study on vernacular houses of Dongting East Mountain and West Mountain, this paper reveals the "moderate", "etiquette" and "benevolence" as moral contents in the building's layout, form, space, decoration and so on. The moralizing reflects a subtle way of guidance, as well as diversified and systematic characteristics. Vernacular houses deeply mingled with daily life, had unique influence as physical environment, thus realizing the implementation and manifestation of Confucian moralizing ideas that have been converted to folk customs. In sum, the Confucian moralizing function carried by vernacular houses is the product of institutions and rules, and it is also the manifestation of conscious inheritance of cultural identity.

People’s Acceptance of Vernacular Houses--Transformed Dwellings of Ghantasala, Andhra Pradesh

Dwellings are usually constructed by people as per their respective needs,with the use of traditional skills.The architectural built form,layout,building materials,and local construction practices vary from one region to the other,depending on the socio cultural and socio-economic significance.It is essential and crucial to understand the cultural significance in an ever-transforming world.Thus,a study has been attempted to analyze typical characteristics of houses in Krishna district of coastal Andhra Pradesh.As part of the study process,a few dwellings were selected which have vernacular building components and which underwent transformation(spatial,physical and esthetical)in response to the respective users’changing requirements in time and space.People’s attachment to the vernacular components of the present and earlier house was recorded.The qualitative analysis brought out that 25%of houses exhibited transformation in their built-up area while 75%exhibited transformation in terms of its spaces,components such as roof,wall,joinery and ornamentation.It was also found that the quantum of transformation which had taken place arose from different reasons in isolation and combination such as family structure,change from joint large family to a smaller nuclear family system within the same premises,property subdivision,growth in economic condition,and partial physical deterioration of building components.The principal focus of this paper is to understand the degree of people’s attachment or satisfaction level toward vernacular elements and thereby understand the social acceptance of vernacular architecture in a broader perspective.

Likelihood of Innovative Construction Techniques to Build Disaster Resilience for Vernacular Housing in the Highland of Central Vietnam

Disaster mitigation for marginal communities has become one of the most significant development goals of the 21st century. Vietnam has been reported one of the five most vulnerable nations in the world to climate change and so serves as a useful case study in developing appropriate housing solutions after disasters. In addition, some local communities in remote mountainous areas of Vietnam still keep strong vernacular traditions in their housing, especially the typical timber house-on-stilt, which need intense consideration before employing any new techniques of disaster mitigation on them. Perceptions on how to develop a sustainable housing solution for such communities, therefore, is still controversial with very few useful options developed to date. The paper investigates the existing unsafe conditions of traditional houses of a local community in the central highland of Vietnam, exposed to natural disasters, together with an identification of several traditional features of this housing that would be needed to preserve in future construction. Some important gaps of these traditional houses in terms of disaster risk reduction are then displayed to show opportunities where new construction techniques have a high possibility to perform against extreme climate events.

Relieving a Tropical Vernacular Habitat Typology as a Source for Contemporary Social Housing Designs

This work presents an analysis for the rural vernacular dwelling （Culata Yovai）, sited in the South America Guarani region, basin of Paraguay and Paraná rivers. Outdoor climate has conducted man to build along the time a habitat climatic responsive. Nowadays, studies in progress try to show how this vernacular typology can support new low-income house designs. The intent is to guarantee for new projects the socio-cultural image that people, coming from countryside to live in city outskirts, are accostumed. Also, to provide material improvements and functional adequation for a quality and healthiness. Natural ventilation is the main bioclimatic strategy during summer for thermal comfort, which influences the house characteristics. This is proven by calculation, and simulation with the CFX-ANSYS software. Thus, the analysis performed shows the real possibity to reconcile bioclimatism with the symbolic-cultural value represented by this vernacular architecture form. It is hopped that this study can be considered as a methodological contributition for new sustainable projects （materials, technics and services） of low-incoming houses in this Latin American region.

Change in Adaptability of Residential Architecture:Spatial Analysis on Traditional and Contemporary Houses of Bangladesh

This study focused on spatial analysis to identify the changes in adaptability over the last five decades.The features influencing adaptability were selected from the reference study.An appropriate method was used to analyse these features through spatial analysis.Six distinctive typologies of rural houses were selected from six regions.Unlike the traditional houses,the contemporary houses in the same area reflected a different character.Urban houses built since the early and mid-20th century were compared with contemporary houses.After analysing the openness,generality,flexibility,depth,typicality,construction technique,involvement of end-users,and the feedback from the inhabitants,the study identified a significant decrease in contemporary houses'adaptability.Spatial analysis was used to quantify the different features and comparison between traditional and contemporary houses.Though the adaptability had been reduced over time,the latest houses started to achieve better flexibility in some features due to government policy and implementation of statutory building regulations.Further recommendations were provided to enhance the residential architecture's adaptability in future.The study samples were selected from different regions of Bangladesh.Still,the result and policy recommendations can be helpful for other countries,especially with high population density and a developing economy.

Cultural interactions among diverse ethnic groups in a frontier region of a mainstream culture:A case study of Thai Korat,Laotian,and Tai Yuan vernacular houses in the central Lamtakong watershed,Nakhon Ratchasima

This study aims to study the conditions for the architectural form of vernacular houses of Thai Korat,Laotian,and Tai Yuan ethnic groups living in the central Lamtakong watershed.Nineteen stilt houses with the age of fifty-three to one hundred years were incorporated in the case study.Data were meticulously gathered through methods such as observation,photography,surveying,architectural drawing,three-dimensional modeling,and interviews.The analysis,conducted within the frameworks of ethnic identity and cultural diffusion,involved morphological and comparative assessments.The findings showed that the houses in the present case study could maintain their ethnic identities as can be clearly seen in the space planning and the shapes of the houses passed down from generation to generation.In addition,there was cultural acceptance among these ethnic groups through exchanging,adopting,and borrowing house construction techniques,in order to express the common traits in the larger social context in a friendly and smoother way.This phenomenon indicates that the co-existence in a multicultural society is the key that makes different ethnic groups be able to maintain their ethnic identity and live with the larger society in a friendly way.Hence,the cultural significance of stilt vernacular houses in the study area is embedded in the dynamic process of exchanging house construction techniques,fostering harmony within the broader social context.This preservation simultaneously safeguards the essential elements and key attributes of ethnic identity in architecture.

Study on Spatial Strategies for Sustainable Development in Chinese Ethnic Minority Villages

The ethnic minority villages are mainly distributed in the areas far away from the central China. Although those villages are abundant with cultural landscape resources, they are economically underdeveloped. Taking the ethnic village space as the study subject, the article analyzes its ethnic, regional and marginal characteristics and proposes that villages should become the future livable space as the urbanization of ethnic areas instead of being squeezed and occupied in spatial pattern. In villages, the living space should implement protection first. Three strategies are put forward in the article, comprehensive, partial and genetic protection strategies. And the agricultural space should possess productive, ecological and aesthetic values instead of emphasizing production only.

承启于传统与现代的先知——英国建筑师沃伊西的设计实践解读

查尔斯·F.A.沃伊西是20世纪之交英国杰出的建筑师,被称作先知先觉的现代主义者。他以普金最后的弟子自居,为英国本土乃至欧洲现代运动发展所作出的贡献不容忽视。沃伊西的建筑生涯几乎全部奉献给了乡土住宅建筑,他深度解读中世纪哥特传统的本质,结合英国本土的民族风格并融入东方美学与工业设计的建筑实践启发了现代主义。本文以沃伊西为研究对象,探究他是如何承启于传统与现代之间,延续传统又不陷于历史主义,或将启发当今我国本土建筑的历史性延续与创新性设计。

风土因应视野下萧红家族两宅宅形发生研究

萧红家族自先祖乾隆年间逃荒东北,发家后多置宅院,其中呼兰县萧红故居与福昌号屯张家腰院具有较大研究价值。在实际调研的基础上,运用比较分析与图示总结的研究方法,结合藤山一雄的测绘资料,系统梳理了萧红家族两宅的变迁历史,深入分析和比较了两宅风土因应特征,厘清了东北风土对两宅宅形的塑造,填补了东北家族宅院宅形研究领域的空白,丰富了东北地区传统民居的研究成果。

阿尔贝托·波尼斯的建筑世界——玉林颂展览讨论实录

意大利建筑师阿尔贝托·波尼斯的度假住宅设计在民居的外观下有着当代的精神和清晰的概念。文章依托在成都玉林颂·设计空间举办的展览“撒丁岛的矮橡树:阿尔贝托·波尼斯的建筑世界”开幕当天的分享和讨论实录,梳理了阿尔贝托·波尼斯的实践线索和作品特征,并以对谈的形式围绕其设计意图进行了深度挖掘。

基于地方材料的“乡土萌发”

经济和科技的全球化,推动着文化的多样性发展,曾经建立在工业生产基础之上的普适化营造模式,已转向与地域发展协同且多种模式并行不悖的营造取向。各地域在自然环境和人文环境上的不同,产生了差异化的人群生活和栖居建造,构成了农耕社会下乡土民居与乡村聚落的肇基萌发基础。物质空间建造上的“乡土萌发”,密切依靠所在地域的环境资源,由此构成了地域文化和营造的源头“来龙”。

川西高原藏族民居室内热环境测试研究

由于严酷气候和地理环境的影响,川西高原的藏族民居室内热环境质量低下,当前落后的采暖方式对当地生态造成了极大的损害.为了改善室内热环境和降低建筑能耗,在冬夏两季对甘孜州康定县塔公乡夏马龙村民居进行了室内热环境测试,根据测试结果提出了以下建议:(1)当地民居的冬季采暖问题应采取主动、被动太阳能利用相结合来解决;(2)引入聚苯板、双层塑钢窗等现代保温材料,提高围护结构的保温性能;(3)加大南向窗户,并增设夜间保温板,同时其他朝向尽量避免开窗或开窗面积尽可能小;(4)南向设置附加阳光间作为间歇式使用房间,对内侧房间能起到很好的集热和气候缓冲的作用,使其在夏季可以全天保持舒适稳定的温度;(5)冬季需要在直接受益式房间内增湿来提高舒适度.

乡村民居被动式太阳能设计与热环境分析

宁夏地区乡村民居存在的主要问题是冬季室内温度低、舒适性差、采暖能耗高、太阳能等可再生资源缺乏有效利用。针对问题,通过问卷与入户调研掌握民居现存缺陷,立足太阳能富集特点,利用现代建筑技术,提出适合地方特点的太阳能被动利用设计方案,并在碱富桥村生态民居设计中进行了实践探索。通过比较分析,证明了太阳能被动利用技术在西北地区乡村民居中可以提高冬季室内温度,减少煤炭消耗,在经济与技术上具有可行性。

少数民族乡土景观特点及有机更新策略

为支持和保护我国乡土景观和少数民族的本土文化,以乡土景观概念为支撑,在剖析少数民族景观历史变迁和元素表达的基础上,研究了少数民族乡土景观具有自发性、民族性和地域性的特点,指出在现代文化洪流的冲击下,少数民族景观必须进行有机更新,并提出了有机更新应遵循的原则和策略,即整体保护下设计导则、立足当地原住民、传承文化境域的有机更新,在此前提下进行少数民族景观的规划和设计。

西部农村乡土民居建筑的再生

西部地区生态环境脆弱,经济水平低下,在面对人居环境建设困境的同时,还面临着比其他地区更为严酷的约束条件。在快速城市化进程中,西部农村乡土民居可持续发展的探索,必须立足于各地气候、经济及社会现状的"适宜技术"之上。适宜技术发展道路应有两条:一是将现代科技转化为地方技术,使其符合地方的发展水平;二是结合时代发展,对传统建筑技术进行优化和改进。西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑研究中心设计的银川碱富桥村和吐鲁番英买里村两个示范项目,分别代表了西部农村民居在适宜技术上的这两条探索路线。

浙西南少数民族地区乡土景观研究——以景宁县环敕木山地区传统畲族聚落景观为例

以浙江省丽水市景宁畲族自治县环敕木山地区传统畲族聚落景观为研究对象,从风景园林学科的视角出发,介绍景宁县相关自然条件与经济社会发展状况,剖析景宁县畲族的分布格局、农作物种植与经济变迁,并采用田野调查的方法,选取大张坑村、东弄村作为两类典型传统畲族聚落代表,着重从景观格局、聚落形态与土地利用方式三方面入手梳理、解读与归纳其乡土景观的空间结构特征与核心要素。以期为当地乡土景观的保护、利用和发展提供基础性研究资料。

西藏农区乡土民居演进中的问题研究

丰富多彩的西藏乡土民居不仅承载了独居特色的藏文化,而且其传统的建造方式反映了与自然环境的和谐.出于对宗教与文化的信仰和敬重,近年新建的房屋仍然保持了传统风格,但是,随着城市化的进程和人们居住要求的提高,农区民居在结构构件材料、房屋尺度等方面在发生着改变,在缺乏相关技术人员的指导下,这些自发的改变可能会导致严重的安全隐患.如何继承与更新成为实现乡土民居可持续发展首要问题.笔者通过对西藏中、南部一些农区民居的实地考察,针对近几年农民自建的民居,从建筑布局、结构与建造技术特点等方面分析了新建民居对传统营造经验的继承以及改变,指出了目前西藏农区乡土民居演进过程中普遍存在的建筑安全问题,对西藏乡土民居的可持续发展提出了建议.

广西贺州江氏客家围屋特色浅析

广西贺州地处南岭走廊中段,是广西客家民系的重要居住地之一。贺州客家围屋是客家人聚居的场所,围屋聚落展现了客家在适应环境,保留传统的基础上,从选址、规划、营造技术、装修、审美等各个物质环境空间方面的素养;同时,亦容纳包含了贺州客家人的哲学世界观,贺州围屋聚落可以说是贺州客家的精神庇所。了解和揭示贺州客家围屋聚落的外在形制和内在成因能对广西客家建筑文化形成有效补充也对客家文化的传承起着十分重要的作用。