Avoiding misdiagnosis of multilocular thymic cysts as malignant tumors on computer tomography

This editorial provides insights from a case report by Sun et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The case report focuses on a case where a multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)was misdiagnosed as a thymic tumor,resulting in an unnecessary surgical procedure.Both MTCs and thymic tumors are rare conditions that heavily rely on radiological imaging for accurate diagnosis.However,the similarity in their imaging presentations can lead to misinterpretation,resulting in unnecessary surgical procedures.Due to the ongoing lack of comprehensive knowledge about MTCs and thymic tumors,we offer a summary of diagnostic techniques documented in recent literature and examine potential causes of misdiagnosis.When computer tomography(CT)values surpass 20 Hounsfield units and display comparable morphology,there is a risk of misdiagnosing MTCs as thymic tumors.Employing various differential diagnostic methods like biopsy,molecular biology,multi-slice CT,CT functional imaging,positron emission tomography/CT molecular functional imaging,magnetic resonance imaging and radiomics,proves advantageous in reducing clinical misdiagnosis.A deeper understanding of these conditions requires increased attention and exploration by healthcare providers.Moreover,the continued advancement and utilization of various diagnostic methods are expected to enhance precise diagnoses,provide appropriate treatment options,and improve the quality of life for patients with thymic tumors and MTCs in the future.continued advancement and utilization of various diagnostic methods are expected to enhance precise diagnoses,provide appropriate treatment options,and improve the quality of life for patients with thymic tumors and MTCs in the future.

Missed diagnosis of early gastric cancer or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

AIM: To investigate the causes of missed diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in Chongqing, China. METHODS: The present study summarizes 103 cases of EGC/HGIN detected by esophagogastroduodenos-copy (EGD) and pathological analysis from January 2010 to December 2011. Dimethyl silicone oil was administrated orally 15 min before the EGD procedures. The stomach was cleaned by repeated washing with saline when the gastroscope entered the stomach cavity. Suspected EGC lesions were subject to conventional biopsy sampling and pathological examinations. The correlation between lesion locations, endoscopic morphology of cancerous sites, training level of the examiners, pathological biopsies, and missed diagnosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three cases were missed among the 103 cases (22.23%) of EGC/HGIN. The rate of missed EGC in the gastroesophageal junction (8/19, 42.1%) was significantly higher than at other sites (15/84, 17.86%) (χ2 = 5.253, P = 0.022). In contrast, the rate of missed EGC in the lower stomach body (2/14, 14.29%) was lower than at other sites (21/89,23.6%), but there were no significant differences (χ2 = 0.289, P = 0.591). The rate of missed EGC in the gastric antrum (5/33, 15.15%) was lower than at other sites (18/70, 25.71%), but there were no significant differences (χ2 = 1.443, P = 0.230). Endoscopists from less prestigious hospitals were more prone to not diagnosing EGC than those from more prestigious hospitals (χ2 = 4.261, P = 0.039). When the number of biopsies was < 4, the rate of missed diagnosis was higher (20/23, 89.96%) than for when there were > 4 biopsies (3/23, 13.04%) (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in the rate of missed diagnosis in patients with 1-3 biopsy specimens (χ2 = 0.141, P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Endoscopists should have a clear understanding of the anatomical characteristics of the esophagus/stomach, and endoscopic identification of early lesions increases with the number of biopsies.

Misdiagnosis and Delayed Diagnosis for Ectopic and Heterotopic Pregnancies after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

This study examined the misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis factors for ectopic pregnancy（EP） and heterotopic pregnancy（HP） after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET） in an attempt to reduce the diagnostic error. Clinical data of patients who underwent IVF-ET treatment and had clinical pregnancy from 12463 cycles were retrospectively analyzed. Their findings of serum β-hCG test and transvaginal ultrasonography were also obtained during follow-up. These patients were divided into two groups according to the diagnosis accuracy of EP/HP： early diagnosis and misdiagnosis/delayed diagnosis. The results showed that the incidence of EP and HP was 3.8%（125/3286） and 0.8%（27/3286） respectively for IVF/ICSI-ET cycle, and 3.8%（55/1431） and 0.7%（10/1431） respectively for frozen-thawed embryo transfer（FET） cycle. Ruptured EP occurred in 28 patients due to initial misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Related factors fell in 3 categories：（1） clinician factors： misunderstanding of patients＇ medical history, insufficient training in ultrasonography and unawareness of EP and HP;（2） patient factors： noncompliance with medical orders and lack of communication with clinicians;（3） complicated conditions of EP： atypical symptoms, delayed elevation of serum β-hCG level, early rupture of cornual EP, asymptomatic in early gestation and pregnancy of unknown location. All the factors were interwoven, contributing to the occurrence of EP and HP. It was concluded that complicated conditions are more likely to affect the diagnosis accuracy of EP/HP after IVF-ET. Transvaginal ultrasonography should be performed at 5 weeks of gestation. Intensive follow-up including repeated ultrasonography and serial serum β-hCG tests should be performed in patients with a suspicious diagnosis at admission.

Diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis is easily missed

AIM To analyze the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE)and to investigate the situations of missed diagnosis of EGE.METHODS First,the clinical characteristics of 20 EGE patients who were treated at our hospital were retrospectively summarized.Second,159 patients who underwent gastroscopy and 211 patients who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled.The pathological diagnosis showed only chronic inflammation in their medical records.The biopsy slides of these patients were reevaluated to determine the number of infiltrating eosinophils in order to assess the probability of a missed diagnosis of EGE.Finally,122 patients who experienced refractory upper gastrointestinal symptoms for at least one month were recruited.At least 6biopsy specimens were obtained by gastroscopy,and the number of eosinophils that had infiltrated was evaluated.Those who met the pathological diagnostic criteria of EGE underwent further examination to confirm the diagnosis of EGE.The probability of a missed diagnosis of EGE was prospectively investigated.RESULTS Among the 20 patients with EGE,mucosal EGE was found in 15 patients,muscular EGE was found in 3patients and serosal EGE was found in 2 patients.Abdominal pain was the most common symptom.The number of peripheral blood eosinophils was elevated in all 20 patients,all of whom were sensitive to corticosteroids.Second,among the 159 patients who underwent gastroscopy,7(4.40%)patients met the criteria for pathological EGE(eosinophil count≥25/HPF).Among the 211 patients who underwent colonoscopy,9(4.27%)patients met the criteria for pathological EGE(eosinophil count≥30/HPF).No patients with eosinophil infiltration were diagnosed with EGE in clinical practice before or after endoscopy.Although these patients did not undergo further examination to exclude other diseases that can also lead to gastrointestinal eosinophil infiltration,these might be the cases where the diagnosis of EGE was missed.Finally,among the 122 patients with refractory upper gastrointestinal symptoms,eosinophil infiltration was seen in 7 patients(5.74%).The diagnosis of EGE was confirmed in all 7 patients after the exclusion of other diseases that can also lead to gastrointestinal eosinophil infiltration.A positive correlation was observed between the duration of the symptoms and the risk of EGE(r=0.18,P<0.01).The patients whose symptoms persisted longer than 6 mo more readily developed EGE.None of the patients were considered to have EGE by their physicians before endoscopy.CONCLUSION Although EGE is a rare inflammatory disorder,it is easily misdiagnosed.When a long history of abdominal symptoms fails to improve after conventional therapy,EGE should be considered.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of minimal-fat angiomyolipoma and causes of preoperative misdiagnosis

BACKGROUND Minimal-fat angiomyolipoma(mf-AML)is often misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma before surgery.AIM To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of mf-AML and the causes of misdiagnosis by MRI before operation.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on ten patients with mf-AML confirmed by surgical pathology,all of whom underwent preoperative MRI examination to analyze the morphological characteristics and MRI signals of the tumor.RESULTS MRI revealed a circular-like mass in 4/10(40%)patients,an oval mass in 6/10 patients(60%),a mass with a capsule in 9/10 patients(90%),and a mass with a lipid component in 7/10 patients(70%).The diameter of the masses in all ten patients was from 11 to 47 mm;the diameter was between 11 mm and 40 mm in 8/10(80%)patients and between 40 mm and 47 mm in 2/10(20%)patients.CONCLUSION An oval morphological characteristic is strong evidence for the diagnosis of mf-AML,while a capsule and lipids are atypical manifestations of mf-AML.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CESAREAN SCAR PREGNANCY

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP）. Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with CSP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1994 to April 2007, including age, interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis, clinical presentation, location of the lesion, process of diagnosis and treatment, outcome, and follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Re, salts CSP constituted 1.05 % of all ectopic pregnancies, and the ratio of CSP to pregnancy was 1 ： 1 221. The mean age of the group was 31.4 years. Twenty-six women had only one prior cesarean delivery. The interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis ranged from 4 months to 15 years. The most common presenting symptoms of CSP were amenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding. Seventeen cases were misdiagnosed as early intrauterine pregnancies and 2 were misdiagnosed as gestational trophoblastic tumor. The other 9 were diagnosed definitely before treatment. The diagnosis was made based on cesarean delivery history, gynecologic examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. The treatment of CSP included systemic or local methotrexate administration, conservative surgery, and hysterectomy. The conservative treatment was successful in 24 cases. All of the 28 women were cured through individual therapies. Conclusions CSP is rare and usually misdiagnosed as other diseases. Ultrasound is valuable for diagnosing CSP, and MRI can be used as an adjunct to ultrasound scan. Early diagnosis offers the options of conservative treatment and greatly improves the outcome of patients. Individual therapy is strongly recommended.

Missed acute pulmonary embolism and sudden death: A case report

Rationale: Pulmonary embolism is a severe cardiovascular disease. Acute pulmonary embolism is an extremely common and potentially the serious pattern of venous thromboembolic disease. Unfortunately, missed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is lethal and common because of its non-specific symptoms and signs. Patient concerns: A 42-year-old male patient presented with acute chest pain that was treated as gastroesophageal reflux disease. Diagnosis: Suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Interventions: O2inhalation, urgent electrocardiography, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Outcomes: Deterioration and sudden cardiac death. Lessons: Physicians should pay much attention to the symptoms and signs of pulmonary embolism to reduce the rate of missed diagnosis.

Clinical study in diagnosis of placental implantation abnormality with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonographic charateristics and the diagnostic value in placental implantation abnormality (PIA) with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound, and improve the rate of diagnosis accuracy in the prenatal and postnatal of PIA with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound, for early diagnosis and treatment, to avoid hysterectomy caused by fatal bleeding. Methods: There were 61 cases complicated with PIA by operation and pathologically confirmed in our hospital. 33 cases were prenatal PIA, and 28 cases were postnatal PIA. The sonographic characteristics of PIA were summarized, the sensitivity and false negative rate of transabdominal Doppler ultrasound were analyzed with the results of surgical and pathological diagnosis. Results: In the images of prenatal PIA, the incidence of abundant blood flow signals in muscular layer of the placenta was the highest, which could reached 85.7%, followed by placenta 'vortex' and placenta previa;placental remnants were major sonographic performance in postnatal PIA, the incidence rate was 100%, followed by abundant blood flow signals in muscular layer of the placenta and disappeared boundary between myometrium and placenta. 14 cases could be diagnosed as prenatal PIA accurately by transabdominal Doppler ultrasound, the sensitivity was 42.4%, and the false negative rate was 57.6%. 21 cases could be diagnosed as postnatal PIA accurately by transabdominal Doppler ultrasound, the sensitivity was 75.0%, and the false negative rate was 25.0%. Conclusions: The specificity was low in prenatal PIA by transabdominal Doppler ultrasound, but the false negative rate was high. If necessary, the diagnostic accuracy could be improved combined with MRI. The specificity was much higher in postnatal PIA, and the false negative rate was low. The ultrasonography of PIA has some certain characteristics, we should strengthen the consciousness of the diagnosis in PIA, especially in the prenatal PIA, and improve the auxiliary diagnosis.

Comparative analysis of syndromic and PCR-based diagnostic assay reveals misdiagnosis/ overtreatment for trichomoniasis based on subjective judgment in symptomatic patients

Background:Trichomoniasis,a sexually transmitted disease(STD),is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in both men and women.Screening of trichomoniasis is problematic in resource challenged settings as currently available,inexpensive diagnostic methods are of low sensitivity and/or specificity.In India,National AIDS Control organization(NACO)recommended syndromic case management(SCM)for treatment.The objective of the present study was to compare the utility of the NACO-NACP III Algorithms for STI/RTI treatment used by clinicians with PCR based diagnosis.Methods:Patients visiting Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology,Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital,New Delhi from January 2011 to June 2014 were enrolled in the study to compare the diagnostic efficiency of PCR-based assays against SCM.Based on SCM,patients(n=820)were treated with antibiotics using pre-packed STI/RTI kits(sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infection;procured by National AIDS Control/State AIDS Control Society(NACO/SACS),Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Govt of India.)under National AIDS Control Programme(NACP III)for syndromic case management(SCM).Ectocervical dry swab samples were also obtained from these patients and out of that 634 samples were tested by PCR.Total genomic DNA was extracted from these samples and used as template for PCR amplification using pfoB,gyrA and orf1 gene specific primers for diagnosis of T.vaginalis(TV),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG)respectively.Results:Out of 6000 patients who visited OPD,820(14%)female patients reported vaginal discharge and were recommended antibiotic treatment for one or more pathogens namely,TV,CT,NG and Candida or for co-infection.On the basis of signs&symptoms and NACO guidelines,the following distribution of various infections was observed:TV(46%),CT(20%),coinfection with TV and CT(12%),coinfection with CT and NG(11%),coinfection with TV,CT and Candida(7%)and coinfection with TV and NG(2%).Others were infected with NG alone(1%),coinfected with TV and Candida(0.4%)and 0.3%were coinfected with CT,NG and Candida.Based on PCR method,110(17%)women tested positive for one or more of these three pathogens while 524(83%)women were negative for any of these three pathogens but could be positive for other STIs not tested in this study.Since all the patients(634)were given antibiotics,we estimate that the over-treatment was 85%while 524(83%)patients were also misdiagnosed by SCM.Conclusions:The over-treatment and inaccurate diagnosis of pathogens due to subjective judgment based on syndromic approach in symptomatic women is a large economic wastage and may also contribute towards increased resistance.The misdiagnosed patients will also serve as a reservoir for transmission of pathogens to their sexual partner.

A new luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay provided serological evidence for missed diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS),caused by SFTS virus(SFTSV)infection,was first reported in 2010 in China with an initial fatality of up to 30%.The laboratory confirmation of SFTSV infection in terms of detection of viral RNA or antibody levels is critical for SFTS diagnosis and therapy.In this study,a new luciferase immunoprecipitation system(LIPS)assay based on p REN2 plasmid expressing SFTSV NP gene and tagged with Renilla luciferase(Rluc),was established and used to investigate the levels of antibody responses to SFTSV.Totally 464 serum samples from febrile patients were collected in the hospital of Shaoxing City in Zhejiang Province in 2019.The results showed that 82 of the 464 patients(17.7%)had antibody response to SFTSV,which were further supported by immunofluorescence assays(IFAs).Further,q RT-PCR and microneutralization tests showed that among the 82 positive cases,15 patients had viremia,10 patients had neutralizing antibody,and one had both(totally 26 patient).However,none of these patients were diagnosed as SFTS in the hospital probably because of their mild symptoms or subclinical manifestations.All the results indicated that at least the 26 patients having viremia or neutralizing antibody were the missed diagnosis of SFTS cases.The findings suggested the occurrence of SFTS and the SFTS incidence were higher than the reported level in Shaoxing in 2019,and that LIPS may provide an alternative strategy to confirm SFTSV infection in the laboratory.

子宫假性动脉瘤误诊分析

目的 探讨子宫假性动脉瘤(uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, UAP)超声特征并分析误诊原因。方法 回顾性选取2016年1月至2023年4月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院UAP患者35例,收集其超声图像及临床资料,分析其误诊原因。结果 UAP灰阶超声呈肌层或同时累及宫腔及肌层的含有液性无回声区团块状病变,彩色多普勒超声可见一条或多条载瘤动脉血流射入假腔,频谱多普勒超声呈高速低阻血流;部分可伴发动静脉瘘(uterine arteriovenous fistula,UAVF),表现为与子宫静脉同方向的粗大血流,频谱呈与心动周期一致的搏动性频谱。UAP误诊率为71.4%(25/35),被误诊的疾病包括与滋养细胞相关疾病的富血供征象(12例)、UAVF(9例)、滋养细胞疾病(3例)、胚物残留(1例)。结论减少UAP误诊首先需提高对该病的认识,超声检查过程中要注意调节仪器的条件设置以获得更佳图像帮助诊断。

蕈样肉芽肿误诊为寻常型银屑病临床分析

目的探讨蕈样肉芽肿的临床特点及误诊为银屑病原因、防范措施。方法对误诊40年蕈样肉芽肿1例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献。结果患者主因全身红斑鳞屑40年,躯干红色丘疹伴瘙痒4年就诊。40年前双下肢出现皮疹,逐渐增大为斑块,长期诊断为银屑病,治疗效果差。4年前躯干出现粟粒样丘疹伴瘙痒,外院经病理检查考虑蕈样肉芽肿,后因皮疹反复,更换部位病理检查再次诊断为寻常型银屑病,对症治疗效果差。入院后完善相关检查,明确诊断为蕈样肉芽肿(ⅣB期),调整治疗方案,目前病情稳定。结论蕈样肉芽肿早期临床及病理表现不典型,易误诊。对于非典型的或常规治疗无反应的银屑病患者,特别是在开始使用免疫抑制剂之前,建议进行组织病理及其他特异性检查以明确诊断并排除蕈样肉芽肿,降低误诊率,改善患者预后。

不典型急性心肌梗死心电图误诊分析

目的探讨不典型急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期心电图误诊原因及防范措施。方法回顾分析2022年1月—2023年2月收治的曾误诊的不典型AMI 2例的临床资料。结果1例因发热、胸闷、心悸、咳嗽和全身乏力1 d就诊,心电图检查示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段压低,T波低平,窦性心律不齐,误诊为心肌炎,予对症治疗无好转,复查心电图及心肌酶等后诊断为AMI。1例因胸痛、晕厥倒地2 h入院,心电图无ST-T及异常Q波改变,提示右心室肥大,诊断为右心室肥大,后经心肌酶、心脏超声及冠状动脉造影检查明确诊断AMI。误诊时间3 d和6 h。1例行药物保守治疗,1例行经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗,随访均预后良好。结论不典型AMI患者或因无明显胸痛症状,或因早期心电图表现不典型或正常,导致初期极易误诊。加强对不典型AMI认识,对伴有高危因素者提高警惕性,熟知其心电图动态变化特点,注重动态心电图监测,并结合临床症状及心肌酶情况综合分析病情,有助于早期确诊并治疗。

甲状腺癌冰冻切片病理不能明确诊断的临床因素分析

目的探讨术中冰冻切片(frozen section,FS)病理检查不能明确诊断甲状腺癌的发生情况,探寻影响FS病理检查准确率的临床因素。方法回顾性分析2016年8月至2019年12月在北京市大兴区人民医院行手术治疗的甲状腺癌患者。根据FS与石蜡切片病理检查结果,将目标结节分为FS明确诊断组与不能明确诊断组(包括延迟诊断组、误诊断组、意外诊断组)。比较FS明确诊断组与不能明确诊断组之间患者的一般情况、实验室检查、彩超、病理类型。结果共纳入癌结节336个,其中明确诊断组、延迟诊断组、误诊断组、意外诊断组癌结节数量及占比分别为266个(79.17%)、28个(8.33%)、21个(6.25%)、21个(6.25%)。延迟诊断组中,“不除外”甲状腺癌使用频率最高。与明确诊断组相比,延迟诊断组、误诊断组、意外诊断组癌结节最大径均更小(P<0.05);延迟诊断组纵横比>1的比例更多(P=0.017)、微钙化比例更低(P=0.002);误诊断组甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体水平更高(P=0.002)。结论临床医生应熟悉延迟诊断、误诊断常用的诊断用语。在治疗决策时应充分考虑难以明确诊断的可能,尤其是较小结节、合并慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎患者。

mpMRI/TRUS融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺活检中漏诊原因

目的:研究多参数磁共振成像(mpMRl)/手指引导、经直肠超声(TRUS)融合引导下的前列腺靶向穿刺活检(TB)中漏诊的原因。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月~2023年9月山东省荣军总医院行经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的97例患者的临床资料。在mpMRI和Pl-RADS评分后完成了mpMRI/TRUS融合引导的前列腺经会阴TB+经会阴系统穿刺活检(SB)。比较TB和SB的病理诊断,评价和分析TB漏诊的原因。结果:共有52例患者被确诊为前列腺癌,其中TB漏诊5例(9.62%),SB漏诊6例(11.53%)。TB漏诊组和未漏诊组之间年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积(PV)、PSA密度(PSAD)及国际泌尿病理学学会(ISUP)等级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将5例TB漏诊的病理结果与磁共振成像(MRI)进行重新比较:3例前列腺癌MRI正常,1例癌灶MRl异常,1例癌灶MRI升级为Pl-RADS 3。结论:早期前列腺癌、大前列腺、局部麻醉及患者的配合、MRI阅读人员和穿刺操作人员的经验都可能是TB漏诊的原因。故个性化的活检计划、更好的成像技术、丰富的操作和阅片经验以及更智能的融合系统能够降低漏诊率,提高TB阳性率。

非牧区综合性医院布鲁菌性脊柱炎七例临床误诊分析

目的探讨布鲁菌性脊柱炎误诊脊柱结核的原因,以提高非牧区综合性医院布鲁菌性脊柱炎早期确诊率。方法回顾性分析2019年6月—2021年6月收治的布鲁菌性脊柱炎早期误诊脊柱结核7例的临床资料。结果7例均有近期牧区旅游史及牛羊接触史;1例有肺结核病史;病变部位:腰椎5例、胸椎2例;就诊前均曾自服解热镇痛药物。7例均持续性胸腰背疼痛伴活动受限、间断发热、乏力,全身关节游走性疼痛6例,食欲不振5例,脊柱局部压痛、叩击痛3例;肝脾大3例,颈淋巴结增大2例,睾丸疼痛1例。7例均初步诊断为脊柱结核。详细追问病史得知患者均有近期牧区旅游或出差史,行结核三项检查均阴性排除结核病,行布鲁菌血清学检测、虎红平板凝集试验及血清凝集试验均阳性,确诊布鲁菌性脊柱炎。误诊时间10~12 d。确诊后予利福平联合多西环素和(或)头孢曲松抗布鲁菌治疗患者症状均消失,随访半年预后良好。结论非牧区综合性医院布鲁菌性脊柱炎接诊率极低,接诊医师警惕性低,病史询问不详细,加之结核病史及解热镇痛类药物使用干扰诊断,使得容易误诊脊柱结核。非牧区综合性医院接诊医师应加强对该地区少见病的认识,提高警惕性,详细追问相关病史,尽早完善相关医技检查,综合分析病情,仔细鉴别诊断,以降低本病早期误诊率。

基于四维张量特征分解的风电机组轴承故障缺失数据恢复方法研究

针对风电机组轴承故障信息采集过程中数据缺失导致故障类型无法识别问题,提出了一种基于四维张量模型特征分解恢复缺失数据的方法。首先,基于转速、时窗、经验模态分解和时间4个维度构建四维张量;其次,通过加权优化算法实现张量填充,修补故障数据的缺失值;然后,对张量进行Tucker分解得到核心张量及因子矩阵;最后,基于梯度优化算法进行迭代优化得到最终核心张量及因子矩阵,并利用二者对四维张量进行重构得到恢复数据。采用实验数据和实际数据来验证提出方法的有效性和可靠性。结果表明:两组恢复数据的RMSE值分别为0.3169和0.0291,远小于4种对比方法的RMSE值。利用双稳态随机共振对2组恢复数据进行故障特征提取,信噪比显著提高,分别为-13.2647和-15.5212,进一步验证提出方法的准确性。

彩色多普勒超声与四维超声对胎儿肢体畸形的诊断及漏诊分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)与四维超声(4D-US)对胎儿肢体畸形的诊断及漏诊情况。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月在保定市第一中心医院产检的201例孕妇,以引产后病理结果或出生结果为“金标准”,其中确诊为胎儿肢体畸形52例,并在产前均予以CDUS和4D-US检查,采用四格表法计算阳性、阴性预测值,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线模型分析CDUS、4D-US诊断胎儿肢体畸形的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值、灵敏度及特异度。结果:201例行胎儿肢体畸形筛查的孕妇经CDUS检查后,阳性预测值为64.15%,阴性预测值为85.53%,与“金标准”相比一致性一般(Kappa=0.532,P<0.001)。经4D-US扫描后,阳性预测值为84.31%,阴性预测值为94.00%,与“金标准”相比一致性较好(Kappa=0.778,P<0.001)。CDUS与4D-US的准确率相比,差异具有统计学意义(x^(2)=8.557,P<0.05)。201例行胎儿肢体畸形筛查的孕妇经4D-US诊断检出的人鱼序列综合征、裂手畸形、多指畸形、桡骨缺失并伴有或不伴有钩状手、长骨短小、足内翻、手掌缺如、胎儿股骨短小、并指畸形以及缺指畸形的总检出率(82.69%)高于CDUS的总检出率(65.38%),差异具有统计学意义(x^(2)=4.514,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CDUS、4D-US诊断胎儿肢体畸形的AUC值分别为0.767和0.892;灵敏度分别为66.70%和84.30%;特异度分别为86.70%和94.00%;CDUS与4D-US的AUC比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.367,P<0.016)。结论:CDUS与4D-US在胎儿肢体畸形筛查中具有一定价值,其中以4D-US诊断效能更高。

维持性血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者甲状旁腺增生超声临床特点及误诊原因分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)患者甲状旁腺增生超声临床特点及误诊原因。方法选择2021年4月至2023年2月维持性血液透析SHPT 190例为研究对象,比较不同程度SHPT患者超声特征,分析超声对SHPT患者甲状旁腺增生的诊断效能,多因素Logistic回归分析超声误诊的相关影响因素。再根据甲状旁腺是否增生分为增生组(n=127)和对照组(n=63),建立多因素Logistic回归模型分析SHPT患者甲状旁腺增生的独立危险因素,并分析不同方法对甲状旁腺增生的诊断效能。结果随SHPT严重程度的加重,多枚增生、低回声、结节形态不规则、结节血供丰富、内部回声不均匀、出现钙化的比例也随之升高。超声检查甲状旁腺增生的敏感度为0.881,特异度为0.657,误诊率为34.29%,漏诊率为11.86%。结节最大径、结节形态及结节血供均为超声误诊SHPT患者甲状旁腺增生的影响因素(P<0.05)。透析时间、碱性磷酸酶、血磷及甲状旁腺素水平是影响SHPT患者甲状旁腺增生的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。超声检查、Logistic回归模型及联合诊断甲状旁腺增生的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.773、0.754、0.889,其中联合诊断最高,并且准确性(0.840)和约登指数(0.679)均高于其他方法。结论随着维持性血液透析患者SHPT严重程度的加重,甲状旁腺形态结构改变越发显著,超声检查甲状旁腺增生误诊率较高,结节形态、结节最大径及结节血供对超声检查诊断结果具有显著影响。超声联合Logistic回归模型诊断SHPT患者甲状旁腺增生,具有较高价值。

青年脑梗死误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫临床分析

目的探讨青年脑梗死诊治要点及误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫的原因、防范措施。方法对2021年2月—2022年10月收治的曾误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫的青年脑梗死7例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组7例年龄23~38岁,主要表现为多次发作一过性或短暂性右肢乏力,伴右面部发麻;右肢肌力均减低,右鼻唇沟变浅和腱反射减弱各3例,舌右伸偏斜、共济失调和Babinski征阳性各2例。7例均于外院综合门诊误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫,误诊时间2~3 d。入我院后均经头颅MRI及磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查确诊脑梗死,予相应治疗后病情好转出院。出院后随访6个月,7例均未复发,2例遗留轻微肢体功能障碍。结论青年脑梗死早期症状不典型,易误诊。基层医院临床医生应提高对该病警惕性,加强对其认识,对有脑部体征且伴有脑梗死易患因素青年患者,不要因年龄小而轻易否定脑梗死诊断,必要时及时转诊并行MRI、MRA等影像学检查,以及早确诊并治疗。