The grid-connected or standalone PV central inverter architecture is comprised of several PV modules which are connected in different ways to form the PV array.The power generation capability of the PV array is primar...The grid-connected or standalone PV central inverter architecture is comprised of several PV modules which are connected in different ways to form the PV array.The power generation capability of the PV array is primarily affected by partial shading conditions(PSC).Due to PSCs,the power output of the PV array is dramatically reduced,and mismatching losses are induced in the PV modules.Based on the extent of these problems,multiple peaks also appear in the power-voltage(P-V)curve,which makes it very difficult to track the global maximum power point(GMPP).The main objective of this research paper is to model and simulate the series(S),series-parallel(SP),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),total-cross-tied(TCT)and proposed triple-tied(TT)solar PV array configurations under various partial shading scenarios.The performance of all PV configurations is evaluated under a uniform approach,considering eight different shading scenarios.The performance of the considered PV configurations is analyzed in terms of their mismatching power losses,fill factors,efficiency,global maximum power points(GMPPs),local maximum power points(LMPPs),voltages and currents at GMPPs,open circuit voltage and short circuit currents.The above-mentioned PV configurations are modeled and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment by considering the KC-200GT module parameters.展开更多
Currently,the critical challenge in solar photovoltaic(PV)systems is to make them energy efficient.One of the key factors that can reduce the PV system power output is partial shading conditions(PSCs).The reduction in...Currently,the critical challenge in solar photovoltaic(PV)systems is to make them energy efficient.One of the key factors that can reduce the PV system power output is partial shading conditions(PSCs).The reduction in power output not only depends on a shaded region but also depends on the pattern of shading and physical position of shaded modules in the array.Due to PSCs,mismatch losses are induced between the shaded modules which can cause several peaks in the output power-voltage(P-V)characteristics.The series-parallel(SP),total-cross-tied(TCT),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),and triple-tied(TT)configurations are considered as conventional configurations,which are severely affected by PSCs and generate more mismatch power losses along with a greater number of local peaks.To reduce the effect of PSCs,hybrid PV array configurations,such as series-parallel:total-cross-tied(SP-TCT),bridge-link:total-cross-tied(BL-TCT),honey-comb:total-cross-tied(HC-TCT)and bridge-link:honey-comb(BL-HC)are proposed.This paper briefly discusses the modeling,simulation and performance evaluation of hybrid and conventional 7×7 PV array configurations during different PSCs in a Matlab/Simulink environment.The performance of hybrid and conventional PV configurations are evaluated and compared in terms of global maximum power(GMP),voltage and currents at GMP,open and short circuit voltage and currents,mismatch power loss(MPL),fill factor,efficiency,and a number of local maximum power peaks(LMPPs).展开更多
A signifcant challenge in the progress and development of Building-Integrated-Photovoltaic(B-I-PV)systems is concerned with the extraction of maximum power from PV modules.The PV system archtecture is an essential fea...A signifcant challenge in the progress and development of Building-Integrated-Photovoltaic(B-I-PV)systems is concerned with the extraction of maximum power from PV modules.The PV system archtecture is an essential feature to extract the maximum power.The conventional PV-centralinverter architecture consists of various connections among the PV modules,which are sensitive to shading effects and pro-duces mismatching power loss under partial shading conditions(PSCs),Hence,photovoltaic-distributed-maximum power point tracking(PV-D-MPPT)architecture has been proposed to extract the maximum power.In.PV-1 D-MPPT architecture,the output terminals of DC-DC converters are connected either in series or parallel configuration.The main limitation of the series configuration in open-loop MPPT control is the crosscoupling effect.Because of cross-coupling effects,the maximum-power-point(M-P-P)operation of shaded PV modules is lost under PSCs.The lost in M-P-P operation of shaded PV module also affects the unshaded modules M-P-P operation.Under crosscoupling ffeets,the DC-DC converters are consuming the power instead of delivering to the load.Despite the research activity,there are hardly any papers presenting a clear,comprehensive and mathematical analysis on the existence of cross-couplings in PV string-integrated-converters(S-1-Cs).This article presents a mathematical analysis and also explains the conditions for the existent of cross-coupling ffeets.The experimental results also validate with the mathematically analysed results.This article also discusses the modeling of the two-diode model of PV module,design of boost type S-1C,and the Perturb and Observe(P&O)MPPT algorithm implementation.展开更多
Solar photo voltaic array （SPVA） generates a smaller amount of power than the standard rating of the panel due to the partial shading effect. Since the modules of the arrays receive different solar irradiations, the...Solar photo voltaic array （SPVA） generates a smaller amount of power than the standard rating of the panel due to the partial shading effect. Since the modules of the arrays receive different solar irradiations, the P-V characteristics ofphotovoltaic （PV） arrays contain multiple peaks or local peaks. This paper presents an innovative method （magic square） in order to increase the generated power by configuring the modules of a shaded photo- voltaic array. In this approach, the physical location of the modules in the total cross tied （TCT） connected in the solar PV array is rearranged based on the magic square arrangement pattern. This connection is done without altering any electrical configurations of the modules in the PV array. This method can distribute the shading effect over the entire PV array, without concentrating on any row of modules and can achieve global peaks. For different types of shading patterns, the output power of the solar PV array with the proposed magic square configuration is compared with the traditional configurations and the performance is calculated. This paper presents a new reconfiguration technique for solar PV arrays, which increases the PV power under different shading conditions. The proposed technique facilitates the distribution of the effect of shading over the entire array, thereby, reducing the mismatch losses caused by partial shading. The theoretical calculations are tested through simulations in Matlab/ Simulink to validate the results. A comparison of power loss for different types of topologies under different types of shading patterns for a 4 × 4 array is also explained.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science and Technology,Government of India under the Grant No:ECR/2017/000316。
文摘The grid-connected or standalone PV central inverter architecture is comprised of several PV modules which are connected in different ways to form the PV array.The power generation capability of the PV array is primarily affected by partial shading conditions(PSC).Due to PSCs,the power output of the PV array is dramatically reduced,and mismatching losses are induced in the PV modules.Based on the extent of these problems,multiple peaks also appear in the power-voltage(P-V)curve,which makes it very difficult to track the global maximum power point(GMPP).The main objective of this research paper is to model and simulate the series(S),series-parallel(SP),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),total-cross-tied(TCT)and proposed triple-tied(TT)solar PV array configurations under various partial shading scenarios.The performance of all PV configurations is evaluated under a uniform approach,considering eight different shading scenarios.The performance of the considered PV configurations is analyzed in terms of their mismatching power losses,fill factors,efficiency,global maximum power points(GMPPs),local maximum power points(LMPPs),voltages and currents at GMPPs,open circuit voltage and short circuit currents.The above-mentioned PV configurations are modeled and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment by considering the KC-200GT module parameters.
基金funded by the Polymer Engineering Directorate of the Science and Engineering Research Council in collaboration with BL Technology and Turner Borthers Asbestos Limited
基金supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,under the Grant number:ECR/2017/000316.
文摘Currently,the critical challenge in solar photovoltaic(PV)systems is to make them energy efficient.One of the key factors that can reduce the PV system power output is partial shading conditions(PSCs).The reduction in power output not only depends on a shaded region but also depends on the pattern of shading and physical position of shaded modules in the array.Due to PSCs,mismatch losses are induced between the shaded modules which can cause several peaks in the output power-voltage(P-V)characteristics.The series-parallel(SP),total-cross-tied(TCT),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),and triple-tied(TT)configurations are considered as conventional configurations,which are severely affected by PSCs and generate more mismatch power losses along with a greater number of local peaks.To reduce the effect of PSCs,hybrid PV array configurations,such as series-parallel:total-cross-tied(SP-TCT),bridge-link:total-cross-tied(BL-TCT),honey-comb:total-cross-tied(HC-TCT)and bridge-link:honey-comb(BL-HC)are proposed.This paper briefly discusses the modeling,simulation and performance evaluation of hybrid and conventional 7×7 PV array configurations during different PSCs in a Matlab/Simulink environment.The performance of hybrid and conventional PV configurations are evaluated and compared in terms of global maximum power(GMP),voltage and currents at GMP,open and short circuit voltage and currents,mismatch power loss(MPL),fill factor,efficiency,and a number of local maximum power peaks(LMPPs).
文摘A signifcant challenge in the progress and development of Building-Integrated-Photovoltaic(B-I-PV)systems is concerned with the extraction of maximum power from PV modules.The PV system archtecture is an essential feature to extract the maximum power.The conventional PV-centralinverter architecture consists of various connections among the PV modules,which are sensitive to shading effects and pro-duces mismatching power loss under partial shading conditions(PSCs),Hence,photovoltaic-distributed-maximum power point tracking(PV-D-MPPT)architecture has been proposed to extract the maximum power.In.PV-1 D-MPPT architecture,the output terminals of DC-DC converters are connected either in series or parallel configuration.The main limitation of the series configuration in open-loop MPPT control is the crosscoupling effect.Because of cross-coupling effects,the maximum-power-point(M-P-P)operation of shaded PV modules is lost under PSCs.The lost in M-P-P operation of shaded PV module also affects the unshaded modules M-P-P operation.Under crosscoupling ffeets,the DC-DC converters are consuming the power instead of delivering to the load.Despite the research activity,there are hardly any papers presenting a clear,comprehensive and mathematical analysis on the existence of cross-couplings in PV string-integrated-converters(S-1-Cs).This article presents a mathematical analysis and also explains the conditions for the existent of cross-coupling ffeets.The experimental results also validate with the mathematically analysed results.This article also discusses the modeling of the two-diode model of PV module,design of boost type S-1C,and the Perturb and Observe(P&O)MPPT algorithm implementation.
文摘Solar photo voltaic array （SPVA） generates a smaller amount of power than the standard rating of the panel due to the partial shading effect. Since the modules of the arrays receive different solar irradiations, the P-V characteristics ofphotovoltaic （PV） arrays contain multiple peaks or local peaks. This paper presents an innovative method （magic square） in order to increase the generated power by configuring the modules of a shaded photo- voltaic array. In this approach, the physical location of the modules in the total cross tied （TCT） connected in the solar PV array is rearranged based on the magic square arrangement pattern. This connection is done without altering any electrical configurations of the modules in the PV array. This method can distribute the shading effect over the entire PV array, without concentrating on any row of modules and can achieve global peaks. For different types of shading patterns, the output power of the solar PV array with the proposed magic square configuration is compared with the traditional configurations and the performance is calculated. This paper presents a new reconfiguration technique for solar PV arrays, which increases the PV power under different shading conditions. The proposed technique facilitates the distribution of the effect of shading over the entire array, thereby, reducing the mismatch losses caused by partial shading. The theoretical calculations are tested through simulations in Matlab/ Simulink to validate the results. A comparison of power loss for different types of topologies under different types of shading patterns for a 4 × 4 array is also explained.
