A Consistent Mistake in Remote Sensing Images’Classification Literature

Recently,the convolutional neural network(CNN)has been dom-inant in studies on interpreting remote sensing images(RSI).However,it appears that training optimization strategies have received less attention in relevant research.To evaluate this problem,the author proposes a novel algo-rithm named the Fast Training CNN(FST-CNN).To verify the algorithm’s effectiveness,twenty methods,including six classic models and thirty archi-tectures from previous studies,are included in a performance comparison.The overall accuracy(OA)trained by the FST-CNN algorithm on the same model architecture and dataset is treated as an evaluation baseline.Results show that there is a maximal OA gap of 8.35%between the FST-CNN and those methods in the literature,which means a 10%margin in performance.Meanwhile,all those complex roadmaps,e.g.,deep feature fusion,model combination,model ensembles,and human feature engineering,are not as effective as expected.It reveals that there was systemic suboptimal perfor-mance in the previous studies.Most of the CNN-based methods proposed in the previous studies show a consistent mistake,which has made the model’s accuracy lower than its potential value.The most important reasons seem to be the inappropriate training strategy and the shift in data distribution introduced by data augmentation(DA).As a result,most of the performance evaluation was conducted based on an inaccurate,suboptimal,and unfair result.It has made most of the previous research findings questionable to some extent.However,all these confusing results also exactly demonstrate the effectiveness of FST-CNN.This novel algorithm is model-agnostic and can be employed on any image classification model to potentially boost performance.In addition,the results also show that a standardized training strategy is indeed very meaningful for the research tasks of the RSI-SC.

Current Situation and Discussion of “Going Abroad” in Higher Vocational Colleges Under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road Initiative has brought unprecedented development opportunities for domestic higher vocational colleges to“go abroad,”but it has also brought severe challenges.Driven by the Belt and Road Initiative,the development of higher vocational colleges“going abroad”has been confronted with a series of challenges,including the imperfect connection of policies,the lack of internal funds,as well as international standards,which are important factors affecting their development.Therefore,it is necessary to start from three aspects,which are policy guarantee,financing,and docking international standards.Through in-depth study of“going abroad”with tthe Belt and Road Initiative,we can effectively reduce the adverse impact of“going abroad”and provide a better and more innovative development environment for higher vocational colleges.

Influences of Mixed Traffic Flow and Time Pressure on Mistake-Prone Driving Behaviors among Bus Drivers

Bus safety is a matter of great importance in many developing countries, with driving behaviors among bus drivers identified as a primary factor contributing to accidents. This concern is particularly amplified in mixed traffic flow (MTF) environments with time pressure (TP). However, there is a lack of sufficient research exploring the relationships among these factors. This study consists of two papers that aim to investigate the impact of MTF environments with TP on the driving behaviors of bus drivers. While the first paper focuses on violated driving behaviors, this particular paper delves into mistake-prone driving behaviors (MDB). To collect data on MDB, as well as perceptions of MTF and TP, a questionnaire survey was implemented among bus drivers. Factor analyses were employed to create new measurements for validating MDB in MTF environments. The study utilized partial correlation and linear regression analyses with the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method to explore the relationships between MDB and MTF/TP. The results revealed a modified scale for MDB. Two MTF factors and two TP factors were found to be significantly associated with MDB. A high presence of motorcycles and dangerous interactions among vehicles were not found to be associated with MDB among bus drivers. However, bus drivers who perceived motorcyclists as aggressive, considered road users’ traffic habits as unsafe, and perceived bus routes’ punctuality and organization as very strict were more likely to exhibit MDB. Moreover, the results from the three MDB predictive models demonstrated a positive impact of bus route organization on MDB among bus drivers. The study also examined various relationships between the socio-demographic characteristics of bus drivers and MDB. These findings are of practical significance in developing interventions aimed at reducing MDB among bus drivers operating in MTF environments with TP.

Try to Save Mistakes

We can make mistakes at any age.Somemistakes we make are about money.But mostmistakes are about people.“When I got thatjob,did Jim really feel good about it as afriend?Or is he envious(嫉妒)of my luck?”“And Paul—Why didn't I find that he wasfriendly just because I had a car?”When welook back,thinking about these,that can makeus feel bad.But when we look back.it's too late.

Error,Mistake和Pragmatic Failure的分类及溯源

本文提出 error,mistake和 pragmatic failure的分类方法 ,并根据传统的教学对错误的界定、我国学者对错误分析的相关论述、《美国传统辞典》和《现代英汉综合大词典》对 error和 m istake的词汇释义以及 Corder和 Widdow-son有关错误的分类理论对如此错误分类进行了溯源 ,以支撑此种分类方法。

现代毒理学-Journal Club和Progress Discussion教学方法的应用

现代毒理学课程是针对劳动卫生与环境卫生学专业研究生开设的选修课,我们在研究生的培养中,持续三年采用Journal Club和Progress Discussion教学模式,重点培养研究生查阅文献、获取高质量信息和展示科研成果等能力,激发学生创新思维。实践结果表明,Journal Club和Progress Discussion联合的教学方法能有效提升研究生培养质量。

How to Improve the Efficiency of Group Discussion in the English Writing Class

In this paper,we mainly discuss how to improve the efficiency of group discussion in the English writing class.In the English writing class,most teachers take the traditional teaching method-presentation,practice and product.To get a better teaching result,some teachers use the group discussion method.Under the facade of heated group discussion,we ask these questions:Does the group discussion really work? How can we improve its efficiency? We hope to find some ways to maximize the efficiency of group discussion in the English writing class and get a better result in English writing.

Study of group discussion in EFL classroom teaching

Communicative Language Teaching （CLT） lays emphasis on communication in the classroom, pair and group activities and student involvement in the learning process. Amid the classroom activities, group discussion predominates in almost all EFL classroom teaching, characterized by maximized participation of language learners. Several elements contribute to a fruitful group discussion, namely, grouping, topic selection, process control and outcome presentation. The interdependence and interaction of all the elements help to build up a productive group discussion and finalize with novice ideas. In spite of all the advantages, some constraints on group discussion still deserve our attention.

Reply to Discussion on “A generalized three-dimensional failure criterion for rock masses”

General:Jaiswal and Shrivastva(2012)proposed the mathematical formulations,i.e.the J–S criterion for converting generalized H-B failure criterion into 3D smooth convex failure criterion at deviatoric plane.The J–S strength criterion is in two versions:uniform and variable extension ratio.It has been observed from the analysis that at uniform extension ratio,the required strength parameters are only UCS and m(other parameters such as Ls,a,b and c are related with m).In the case of variable extension ratio,extra parameter f is required along with UCS and m.Thus,it has minimal strength parameters compared to You strength criterion.Furthermore,You strength criterion does not obey the smooth convex condition at deviatoric plane.

＂Mistake＂ And ＂Error＂

This paper discussed a method to judge and to reject the mistake and error of the monitoring strategies for English teaching and learning, and alsopresented a classification of mistake and error according to the following factors： the definition and analysisofmistake and error.With the development of theanalysis theories, more attention has been paid to the characteristic and the principle of mistake and error in the second language teaching and learning. By analyzing the differences between mistake and error, the teachers and learners can get clear of the study of English and improve the ability of using English.

What do student writers benefit from pre-writing discussions？

Given that speaking plays a fundamental role in writing, this paper reports on a one-year program of the training of student writers. This training program consists of three parts： a pre-training investigation over learners＇ needs and expectations, various forms of the pre-writing discussions over different stages of the program, and a post-training investigation to get the feedback from the learners.

A DISCUSSION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IMPACT TOUGHNESS AND THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

The impact value (AK) measured with classic impact experiment of mechanical properties is a normal index from the five important basic mechanical properties for engineering, but it still has no definite physical meaning. By use of the advanced impact experimental machine, the load-deflection signals under impact loading have been measured. According to the load-deflection curve of 30CrMnSiA steel obtained by this method, the AK value could be divided into the elastic deformation work, the plastic deformation work, the crack forming work, the work of crack propagation and the work of unstable crack propagation. Therefore, we can obtain the expression for the continuous changing of stress and strain under impact load. In this experiment, specimens with three different breaches, U type, V type and linear grooving, are used and the dynamic fracture toughness value (KDIC) of 30CrMnSiA steel is treated and calculated which follows the measuring method of material static fracture toughness, as ASTM E399. The experimental results verify that these impact specimens with three different breaches are satisfactory for plane strain relation under impact load. For high strength 30CrMnSiA steel, the maximum load of load-deflection curve under impact load can represent the unstable propagation load of crack. The precision of the calculated fracture toughness (KDIC) meets the engineering requirement of materials.

A DISCUSSION ON CURRENTS AND SUSPENDED LOAD TRANSPORT IN SURF ZONE

In this paper, the distribution characteristics of the breaking wave current and suspended load transport in the surf zone are discussed in main. Based on the measured data of the waves, the form of breaking wave, the breaking wave current and the sediment concentration of suspended load in the offshore surf zone near Nouakchott, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, the author has analized the law governing the distribution of longshore current and sediment concentration of suspended load by means of statistical method, and presented a calculation method for the longshore sediment transport in offshore surf zone.

Exploration on college students＇ reluctance to participate in group discussion in EFL listening and speaking classes

Motivation has long been argued and studied both at home and abroad; however most researches stressed the linear, casual relationship between motivation and students achievement through interaction of group discussion. This paper tended to explore the factors that influenced students＇ motivation to participate in group discussion in EFL listening and speaking class. A questionnaire was designed and adopted to figure out the factors By analyzing the data, this paper would provide some suggestions to the research problem.

Using Facebook to Develop Grammar Discussion and Writing Skills in English as a Foreign Language for University Students

This study aimed at investigating the effect of Facebook on grammar discussion and writing skill in English as a foreign language for university students, The study sample consisted of 60 students at Oklt AI Sqoor College of Science and Arts in Saudi Arabia and was divided into two groups： 30 students for the experimental group and 30 students for the control group. The instrument of the study was an EFL grammar and writing test. Students in both the experimental and the control group were pre-tested using the EFL （English as a Foreign Language） grammar and writing test, After that the experimental group was taught using Facebook while the control group was taught using the traditional method. Finally, students in both groups were post-tested using the EFL grammar and writing test. Results of the study showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test of EFL grammar and writing. This difference can be attributed to using Facebook.

Small-group Discussion as an Effective Speaking Practice

As a form of speaking practice,small-group discussion can be effective in that it makes learners less anxious about expressing themselves.Being topic-based,small-group discussion prepares learners for a wide range of topics and requires them to think critically.Language skills and communicative skills are honed during discussions.These advantages validate the effectiveness of small-group discussion as a form of speaking practice and entail proper execution in classes.

A Model-Independent Discussion of Quark Number Density and Quark Condensate at Zero Temperature and Finite Quark Chemical Potential

Generally speaking, the quark propagator is dependent on the quark chemical potential in the dense quantum chromodynamics （QCD）. By means of the generating functional method, we prove that the quark propagator actually depends on p4 ＋ iμ from the first principle of QCD. The relation between quark number density and quark condensate is discussed by analyzing their singularities. It is concluded that the quark number density has some singularities at certain # when T = 0, and the variations of the quark number density as well as the quark condensate are located at the same point. In other words, at a certain # the quark number density turns to nonzero, while the quark condensate begins to decrease from its vacuum value.

Formation Mechanism of the Tongyu Gold Deposit,Shaanxi——A Discussion of a Model for the Formation of Syntectonic Gold Deposits

The formation of the Tongyu gold deposit, controlled by regional polyphase deformation-metamorphism.is closely related to the regional composite antiform-shear slip fracture zone. Late-stage reworking of theTaihua Group accounts for the enrichment of ore substances. It is a typical syntectonic gold deposit. The formation and evolution of the deposit involved four stages: (Ⅰ) the state of preparation of ore sub-stances, in which primary source beds originated: (Ⅱ) the stage of remobilization of ore substances, in whichregional progressive metamorphism and migmatization and thermodynamic-chemical differentiation led toremobilization of gold and its initial local concentration: (Ⅲ) the stage of gold deposit formation, in which re-gional folding produced concordant and cross shear-slip fractures and under the dynamic action gold was sepa-rated and migrated in a certain direction and concentrated to form a gold deposit: (Ⅳ) the stage ofsuperpositon, reworking and exposure of orebodies, in which the block uplifted and the deposit againunderwent reworking through faulting and mechanical differentiation.Thermodynamic mineralization played adominant role in the formation of the deposit.

The Essence of Group Discussions

Group discussions are very important in oral English classes. It maximizes students＇ speaking time in a specified-time period. Group discussions have a strong positive effect on the atmosphere in the classroom and the behaviors of the students as they can get more ideas from their friends, and sometimes students don＇t even understand the topic for discussion but by interacting with others they can understand the topic. Particularly it is a good warm-up in conversational classes. The most important reason for using group discussions before speaking tasks is to reduce students＇ nervousness of making mistakes. And this encourages students to be more active in speaking class.

A DISCUSSION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING RATE AND COMPREHENTION

Reading is really a complex of skills and not a single one. It is very popular these days to try to improve reading skills. One sees many essays m newspapers and elsewhere for courses, materias and equipment designed to improve reading rate and comprehension. Most often the emphasis is on reading rate, not on specific comprehention skills. Most of the time is also spent on increasing reading rate, not on good comprehension. I consider neither of them should be overmphasized at the expense of the other.