A Study on Parts of Speech Conversion in English and Chinese from the Perspective of Translation

Parts of speech conversion refers to transforming the certain words of the source language into another category words of the target language, which is one of the common methods and techniques used in the translation of English and Chinese languages. This paper starts from a relatively significant difference in English and Chinese language— the tendency of static words in English in contrast to that of dynamic words in Chinese, to explore the theoretical basis of transference in parts of speech in English and Chinese language translation. Combining with a large number of examples, the author puts forward some skills on transformation of parts of speech in English-Chinese translation to guide translation practice. The study found that the theoretical basis of the conversion in English and Chinese mostly including:1) there is a boundary ambiguity between lexical category;2)English SV/SVO structure is rigorous, which leads to expressing the dynamic meaning by means of using other lexical category; 3) the development of social culture not only makes new words continue to increase rapidly, but also gives many used words with new meanings; 4)it is acknowledged in Lexical morphology that English words which come from derivation are in larger number and derivations can make the word class of the corresponding original words either the same or different. The dynamic and specific features of Chinese make it more use of verbs in language use. Thus, in the process of translation, appropriate parts of speech conversion can make the translation more in line with their own habits of expression.

Animal Words: Parts of Speech and Metaphoricity

The study in this paper belongs to the field of the grammar of metaphor. Six types of animal words were investigated in order to find the connection between their parts of speech and metaphorical relationship by applying the British National Corpus in combination with Collins Dictionary. It is found that not all verbs formed via conversion from nominal animal words carry the conceptual features of the animal entities, and in this case, the resultant verbs do not form metaphors. Where the verbs carry over the conceptual features of the nominal animal words, metaphors will occur. Of course, there are a few exceptions, like fish in fish for, which forms a metaphor though fish as a verb here does not carry over the conceptual features of the nominal fish.As to adjectives and adverbs derived from nominal animal words, they form metaphors in most cases by carrying over the conceptual features of the relevant animals. The study can be broadened to other entity nouns in order to find regularities about when their derivatives form metaphoricity.

On the Conversion of Parts of Speech in English-Chinese Translation

Conversion refers to the transformation of parts of speech in some words while maintaining the original content unchanged in order to make the translated text sound smooth and fluent as well as more idiomatic in the target language. In E-C translation, conversion of pars of speech is one of the most important translation methods. Several different forms about conversion of parts of speech are introduced through analyzing the differences and usages between the two languages so that a better version in E-C translation can be got.

COUPLED PHYSICAL-ECOLOGICAL MODELLING OF THE CENTRAL PART OF JIAOZHOU BAY I. PHYSICAL MODELLING

Sharples’s 1 D physical model, employing tide wind driven turbulence closure and surface heating cooling physics, was used to simulate the evolution of seawater temperature in the central part of Jiaozhou Bay. The results were consistent with observation after application of a large value of vertical eddy diffusivity to the upper layer in the case of rainy season. The simulated bottom seawater temperature varies regularly in sinusoidal pattern. The simulated surface seawater temperature clearly indicates that stratification begins in the middle of April, lasting about 6 days, and ends in later August, lasting only 2 days; and that the strongest stratification occurs in June, when the surface net heat flux is close to zero. Since the rainfall process not considered in the present model could cause very strong vertical mixing in the upper layer of bay water, the physical meaning of applying a larger vertical eddy diffusivity is supposed to be a parametrization of the rainfall created mixing in the upper layer. To prove this hypothesis more complex models have to be used and more observations have to be made in future study.

Improve Neural Machine Translation by Building Word Vector with Part of Speech

Neural Machine Translation(NMT)based system is an important technology for translation applications.However,there is plenty of rooms for the improvement of NMT.In the process of NMT,traditional word vector cannot distinguish the same words under different parts of speech(POS).Aiming to alleviate this problem,this paper proposed a new word vector training method based on POS feature.It can efficiently improve the quality of translation by adding POS feature to the training process of word vectors.In the experiments,we conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our methods.The experimental result shows that the proposed method is beneficial to improve the quality of translation from English into Chinese.

A New Part-of-Speech Tagging System Based on Closed-words,Word Form and Rules

A method of part-of-speech tagging of English text based on closed-words, wold-form and rules, its abstract model and formal description of its realizing procedure are presented. Finally, an experimental example is givento illustrate the application of this method.

A Study on Comparison of Words in Ancient and Modern Chinese and Foreign Fantasy Novels

Fantasy novel is a kind of novel literature, which is different from other fictions. With the passage of time, fantasy novels have great development with human society. There are differences and similarities between Chinese and Western fantasy novels,which make literary works widely spread and popular. This study uses corpus linguistics software(Tree-Tagger, Range) to analyze four famous Chinese and English fantasy novels and their English translation, observing the different of proportion of noun, verb,adverb and adjective and the lexical difficulty of the novel.

基于深度学习的设施甜樱桃水肥一体化智能控制系统

水肥一体化技术在现代农业种植中的应用越来越广泛,但目前甜樱桃水肥一体化技术存在缺乏智能控制系统、实时施肥策略指导等问题,为此设计了一种甜樱桃水肥一体化智能控制系统。首先通过词性标注完成了对甜樱桃水肥领域知识实体的信息提取,结合领域知识定义相关概念的类和属性,构建甜樱桃水肥本体模型。引入了一种基于深度学习的甜樱桃水肥领域文本相似度计算模型,在基于深度学习的相似度计算模型的基础上,提出了基于甜樱桃水肥领域综合属性的相似度计算、基于甜樱桃本体语义的相似度计算和甜樱桃水肥策略实例的相似度计算。综合甜樱桃水肥策略实例的地域、果树品种、目标产量以及果树生长时期等属性因素建立了甜樱桃水肥策略库,以Drools规则引擎结合基于深度学习的相似度计算作为推理机制,最终搭建出甜樱桃水肥一体化智能控制系统。

基于注意时序网络的中文词性标注方法

针对传统的基于统计与规则的词性标注模型存在的人工特征依赖、字向量表征单一、特征提取不全面等问题,提出一种有效的基于注意时序网络的中文词性标注模型。对原始的TCN模型结构进行三点改进,并提出将注意时序网络与BiLSTM模型融合到词性标注方法中。上述模型首先通过XLNet模型获取字级别的上下文表示,利用注意时序网络的因果卷积结构获取更高层次的文本序列特征并通过注意力机制优化特征,最后通过BiLSTM进一步学习序列上下文特征,提高词性标注的准确度。实验表明,上述模型性能相较于其它模型有明显提升。

单组分电炉镍渣基地聚物修补材料制备与性能调控

为利用具有潜在活性的固体废弃物电炉镍渣,制备单组分电炉镍渣基地聚物修补砂浆.基于正交实验和极差分析,通过掺入掺合料并改变碱模数和碱当量等关键影响因素,对地聚物砂浆各项修补性能进行调控,获取满足修补性能的最优配合比,确定各因素对修补性能的影响主次.结果表明,最优配比是矿渣掺量为30%,粉煤灰掺量为30%,碱模数为1.2,碱当量为6.5%,其28 d抗压、抗折强度分别为90.29、9.23 MPa,干燥收缩率为0.56×10-3,14 d拉伸粘结强度为3.64 MPa,满足修补砂浆规范要求.经比较,矿渣掺量对修补砂浆性能调控影响最为显著.

融合词性与语义相关性的图书馆智能咨询系统问句相似性计算方法研究

[目的/意义]提高问句相似性计算的准确性,对改善图书馆智能咨询的实际效果具有重要作用。[方法/过程]引入特征词在问句之间的语义相关性指标,提出了融合词性与语义相关性的问句相似性计算方法。首先构建咨询领域专业词典以增强问句处理的业务针对性,然后提出特征词词性权重和语义相关性权重度量方法,并融合两者度量词语在问句中的作用以构建问句语义表征向量,最后采用余弦函数计算问句相似度。[结果/结论]实验表明综合词性与语义相关性特征能有效识别问句中的核心特征词,本文提出的问句相似性计算方法比传统方法具有更高的ACC@1和ACC@3准确率。

现代汉语兼类现象批评认知及常态化研究策略

现代汉语兼类现象是一种客观存在于语言事实中动态变化的语法现象。兼类现象的研究往往依赖于《现代汉语词典》,而《现代汉语词典》兼类词词类标注的缺失表明:兼类词只是兼类现象在词典里的部分反映,是兼类现象的子集,二者的不平衡动态关系受到了词典周期性修订、词频的动态监测及对词类活用认知的制约。因此,现阶段兼类现象外延全貌为:词典里的兼类、当下未收录进词典的兼类、活用产生的临时兼类。兼类现象的常态化研究策略可以还原一个更真实的现代汉语兼类情况。

基于OBE理念的发电厂电气部分课程建设

发电厂电气部分是电气工程及其自动化专业重要的专业课程,对学生工程实践能力的培养起到重要的支撑作用。该文基于成果导向教育理念(OBE),建立MOOC教学平台的“课前-课中-课后”线上线下混合式闭环教学模式,构建丰富的教学资源,课程教学目标支撑毕业要求,构建成果导向的课程考核评价体系,体现以学生学习为中心。在新的教学模式下,学生学习效果明显改善。在OBE理念指导下,通过MOOC平台进行电气类专业课程改革是改进教学方法、提升教学质量的有效手段,也是未来教学改革的方向。

基于跨阶段特征融合算法的混合部位运动图像超分辨率修复方法

混合部位运动图像存在模糊、失真、低分辨率等问题,且峰值信噪比差值较小。提出基于跨阶段特征融合算法的混合部位运动图像超分辨率修复方法。结合非线性映射关系重构像素点,采用跨阶段特征融合算法,完成混合部位运动图像超分辨率修复。实验结果表明:得到完整的混合部位运动图像修复结果,表现出的峰值信噪比差值较大,修复后的图像分辨率更优,满足了混合部位运动图像的现实应用需求。

基于句法依赖增强图的方面级情感分析

方面级情感分析旨在分析句子中特定方面的情感极性,现有研究侧重于利用图神经网络建模上下文与方面的依赖信息,忽略了对上下文中情感词及其词性的挖掘和利用。为此,提出一种基于句法依赖的增强图(syntactic dependency enhancement graph, SDEG)模型,在原始句法依赖图上引入情感知识和词性信息,增强情感词权重和相关词性单词在上下文中的作用。使用双向长短期记忆网络和卷积神经网络捕捉句子的重点语义信息,通过图卷积神经网络建模句法依赖增强图,通过交互注意力机制生成特定方面的上下文语义和语法表示以进行情感极性分类。在多个公共基准数据集上的实验结果表明,所提模型在性能上有明显提升。

基于方面-词性感知的方面级情感分析

方面级情感分析是自然语言处理的研究热点之一,其任务目的是预测句子中给定方面的情感极性。目前已有研究大多忽略了方面词和特定词性单词在过滤情感极性相关上下文语义信息和理解上下文语法信息中的作用。为此,提出一种基于方面-词性感知的图卷积网络ASP_POSGCN。采用双向长短期记忆网络建模上下文和词性信息,经由门控机制筛选方面词相关上下文语义信息,再使用词性信息隐藏层状态进一步过滤;同时设计方面-词性感知矩阵算法,根据不同词性单词对方面词情感极性的贡献重构句子原始依存关系以获取重构依存句法图,将原始依存句法图和重构依存句法图应用于双通道图卷积网络和多图感知机制;最后,使用过滤后的上下文语义信息与双通道图卷积网络的输出计算注意力得到最终分类表示。实验结果表明,该模型在Twitter、Laptop14、Restaurant14和Restaurant164个公开数据集上的准确率分别为74.57%、79.15%、83.84%、91.23%,F1值分别为72.59%、75.76%、77.00%、77.11%,与传统方面级情感分析基准模型相比均有提升,有助于方面级的情感极性分类。

融合乌尔都语词性序列预测的汉乌神经机器翻译

面向南亚和东南亚的小语种机器翻译,目前已有不少研究团队开展了深入研究,但作为巴基斯坦官方语言的乌尔都语,由于稀缺的数据资源和与汉语之间的巨大差距,有针对性的汉乌机器翻译方法研究非常稀少。针对这种情况,提出了基于Transformer的融合乌尔都语词性序列的汉乌神经机器翻译模型。首先利用Transformer对目标语言乌尔都语的词性序列进行预测,然后将翻译模型的预测结果和词性序列模型的预测结果相结合进行联合预测,从而实现语言知识到翻译模型的融入。在现有小规模汉乌数据集上的实验表明,所提方法在数据集上的BLEU值相较于基准模型提升了0.13,取得了较为明显的效果。

基于局部Transformer的泰语分词和词性标注联合模型

泰语分词和词性标注任务二者之间存在高关联性,已有研究表明将分词和词性标注任务进行联合学习可以有效提升模型性能,为此,提出了一种针对泰语拼写和构词特点的分词和词性标注联合模型。针对泰语中字符构成音节,音节组成词语的特点,采用局部Transformer网络从音节序列中学习分词特征;考虑到词根和词缀等音节与词性的关联,将用于分词的音节特征融入词语序列特征,缓解未知词的词性标注特征缺失问题。在此基础上,模型采用线性分类层预测分词标签,采用线性条件随机场建模词性序列的依赖关系。在泰语数据集LST20上的试验结果表明,模型分词F1、词性标注微平均F1和宏平均F1分别达到96.33%、97.06%和85.98%,相较基线模型分别提升了0.33%、0.44%和0.12%。