Partition Equilibrium on the Interface Between a Charged Membrane and a Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solution

Ionic partition equilibrium on a charged membrane immersed in a mixed electrolyte solution was systematically investigated and several models were established for the determination of partition coefficients. On the basis of theoretical models, the effects of the concentration ratio λ of the fixed group(charged density) to reference electrolyte, the concentration ratio η between the two electrolytes existing in the solution and the valence of the electrolyte ions on the partition equilibrium in a positively charged membrane were analyzed and simulated within the chosen parameters in detail. The obtainable results can also be applicable to a sytem of mixed electrolytes contacting with a negatively charged membrane. The theoretical calculations were confirmed with the experimental data of model mixed electrolytes, NaCl+HCl and CaCl 2+NaCl partitioned in the system of self made negatively charged membrane sulphonated poly(phenylene oxide)(SPPO) with different charge densities.

Density and viscosity of aqueous solution of K_2CrO_4/KOH mixed electrolytes

The physicochemical properties are very important in theoretical investigation of aqueous electrolyte solution and industrial design of hydrometallurgical processes. In the green hydrometallurgical process of chromite ore with sub-molten salt medium of KOH, the ternary system of KOH+K2CrO4+H2O is essential to process control and industrial operation. In order to satisfy the needs of both fundamental research and industrial application, the dynamic viscosity (η) and density (ρ) of mixed aqueous electrolyte solution of KOH and K2CrO4 were measured over a temperature range from 15 to 60 ℃ by using Ubbelohde-type capillary viscometers and a series of densimeters, respectively. The temperature is controlled to an accuracy of ±0.01 ℃ throughout the experiment with thermostat. The dynamic viscosity and density of the ternary systems are performed as functions of chromate and hydroxide concentration and temperature. The regression equations for viscosity and density are obtained with a least-square method and the calculated values are consistent well with the experimental data. The semi-empirical equation obtained will be helpful and instructive to industrial application.

A Mixed Ether Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Anode Protection in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is considered as a promising energy storage system to realize high energy density.Nevertheless,unstable lithium metal anode emerges as the bottleneck toward practical applications,especially with limited anode excess required in a working full cell.In this contribution,a mixed diisopropyl ether-based(mixed-DIPE) electrolyte was proposed to effectively protect lithium metal anode in Li-S batteries with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN) cathodes.The mixed-DIPE electrolyte improves the compatibility to lithium metal and suppresses the dissolution of lithium polysulfides,rendering significantly improved cycling stability.Concretely,Li | Cu half-cells with the mixed-DIPE electrolyte cycled stably for 120 cycles,which is nearly five times longer than that with routine carbonate-based electrolyte.Moreover,the mixedDIPE electrolyte contributed to a doubled life span of 156 cycles at 0.5 C in Li | SPAN full cells with ultrathin 50 μm Li metal anodes compared with the routine electrolyte.This contribution affords an effective electrolyte formula for Li metal anode protection and is expected to propel the practical applications of high-energy-density Li-S batteries.

Anodizing of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in sulfuric-boric-phosphoric acids and its corrosion behavior

The corrosion resistance of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy was improved by anodizing treatment in a mixed electrolyte containing 10% sulfuric acid, 5% boric acid and 2% phosphoric acid. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） technique was used to study the corrosion behavior of the anodized alloy. Using Tafel plot and salt spray techniques, it is revealed that the anodizing treatment of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in sulfuric-boric-phosphoric acids provides better corrosion resistance and durability in comparison with the anodizing treatment in phosphoric acid or sulfuric-boric acids. This electrolyte can be a suitable alternative for chromate baths which are generally used in the anodizing of aluminum alloys.

Mixing of two different electrolyte solutions in electromagnetic rectangular mixers

This study proposes a new electromagnetic rectangular mixer, and numerically examines the mixing characteristics of two different electrolyte solutions in the device under a uniform magnetic field. The mixer consists of a conduit with electrodes equipped on its top and bottom walls. The difference in the electric potentials applied to the sets of electrodes induces the current. The combination of the induced current and magnetic field yields Lorentz force, resulting in the fluid motion for pumping and mixing of the two different fluids. The numerical simulation is carried out with the use of commercial software CFX. The present numerical model is validated by an existing numerical work. The effect of different variables on mixing efficiency is investigated in many different cases with two different heights of the duct and various input voltages of the electrodes. The current simulation results indicate that the mixing performance can be enhanced by using multiple sets of electrodes and applying higher input voltages（absolute values） to the electrodes.