The Analysis and Research on Current Situation and Countermeasures of Mobile Laboratory Standards in China

Based on lots of field investigations and researches, this article aalyzes in details the current situation of mobile laboratory standards in China, summarizes and explains the existing problems in standardization, and puts forward reasonable measures for the development of the industry.

Assessment of Air Pollution,by the Urban Traffic,in University Campus of Bucharest

This study aims to measure traffic-related air pollution of vehicles with internal combustion, the main source of emissions of BTEX, organic compounds and NOx, NO2, NO, O3, CO, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5, inorganic compounds, in three sites of the University campus, surrounded by residential areas. According to the University data, around 8000 students are being exposed daily to the measured level of pollution, in all 3 studied places of campus. A mobile laboratory was used, which continuously measures above mentioned pollutants and mete-orological parameters. The diurnal variation of BTEX, in a sunny and rainy day showed two peaks of BTEX concentration in the morning and evening. In the rainy days, the non-polar (hydrophobic) compounds as BTEX are mechanically trained by rain into the ground, where either they enter into the groundwater, or volatilized and re-enter in the air. Particulate matter such as PM10 and PM2.5 is, in a large part, carried by the rain into the soil. The polar compounds (hydrophilic, NOx, SO2) dissolves in the rainwater and are absorbed in the soil (increasing soil acidity) and evaporated towards the clouds (leading to acid rain). In our study, BTEX compounds removed by the rain varied between 62% - 75%, NOx and SO2, 80% and 77% respectively. Particulate matters were washed out up to 68% for PM10, and 42% for PM2.5. In the sunny days the air pollution with measured concentrations of O3 (121.66 ± 7.02, 123.56 ± 4.89 μg/m3) remained for 7 hours close to the limit value (120 μg/m3). The maximum of solar radiation, with corresponding low concentrations in NOx and xylene, corresponds to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, generating photochemical smog. In a sunny day and high traffic, we found the maximum value 5.4 μg/m3 for benzene, for 30 min., a known human carcinogen, exceeding the annual limit value de 5 μg/m3. The average background, from benzene, in three University campuses daily visited by around 8000 students was 0.97 μg/m3, exposed to 1.46 μg/m3 and the cancer risk is 1/100,000.

Mobile biosafety level (BSL) 2 laboratories deployment: Strengthening the diagnostic facilities in Pakistan with emerging public health challenges and the way forward

Availability of mobile laboratories can facilitate rapid on-spot detection of pathogens,monitor its presence in certain populations and inform health authorities to take immediate remedial measures.Currently available biosafety and biosecurity guidelines and policies may not completely articulate the increased demand to manage mobile units in infectious disease outbreaks in remote parts of the country for rapid diagnosis,and also allows research and epidemiological study take place appropriately.The main objective of this study is to evaluate the current limitations and develop and implement biosafety and biosecurity guidelines as well as the protocols for operations,security,and response plan of mobile biosafety level 2 laboratories and their deployment.Keeping in view the sensitivity of it,a comprehensive plan was developed to address it in view of Global Health Security framework.Biosafety and biosecurity protocols were developed including Risk Assessment Tool(RAT)fitting the needs and strengthen the diagnostic and epidemiological capacity in the field covering remote parts of country to fill the gaps observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.Currently the biosafety and biosecurity best practices guidelines and biosecurity policy and regulations are directed mostly towards static laboratories.A biosafety and biosecurity manual developed to adopt and meet the requirements for MBSL 2.For acute health infectious threats including the COVID-19 outbreak and other epidemics,rapid diagnosis can curb and mitigate the problem before it gets out of its boundaries creating significant health risks for the public and economy.The deployment of mobile laboratories will certainly help in curbing these catastrophes.