Dynamic analysis and modal test of long-span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.

DAMAGE DETECTION IN BUILDINGS USING A TWO-STAGE SENSITIVITY-BASED METHOD FROM MODAL TEST DATA

Many multi-story or highrise buildings consisting of a number of identical stories are usually considered as periodic spring-mass systems. The general expressions of natural frequencies, mode shapes, slopes and curvatures of mode shapes of the periodic spring-mass system by utilizing the periodic structure theory are derived in this paper. The sensitivities of these mode parameters with respect to structural damages, which do not depend on the physical parameters of the original structures, are obtained. Based on the sensitivity analysis of these mode parameters, a two-stage method is proposed to localize and quantify damages of multi-story or highrise buildings. The slopes and curvatures of mode shapes, which are highly sensitive to local damages, are used to localize the damages. Subsequently, the limited measured natural frequencies, which have a better accuracy than the other mode parameters, are used to quantify the extent of damages within the potential damaged locations. The experimental results of a 3-story experimental building demonstrate that the single or multiple damages of buildings, either slight or severe, can be correctly localized by using only the slope or curvature of mode shape in one of the lower modes, in which the change of natural frequency is the largest, and can be accurately quantified by the limited measured natural frequencies with noise pollution.

Research on Modal Test Technology of LM-6A Solid-Liquid Strap-On Launch Vehicle

The LM-6 A new generation solid-liquid strap-on launch vehicle has the structural dynamic characteristics of lower frequencies,denser modes and coupling modes in longitudinal,bending and torsion modal space.During the development phase of LM-6 A,modal tests of partial stacks and the full vehicle were designed to obtain the structural dynamic properties.The structural dynamic models using the finite element method(FEM)have been verified and calibrated based on the modal test data.This paper describes the pre-test predictions and test execution,and details the comparison between the pre-test predictions and the test data.The successful maiden flight of LM-6 A further confirmed the effectiveness of structural dynamic modeling and modal test for LM-6 A.

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTIVE TRUSS STRUCTURES USING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTIVE MEMBERS

Adaptive truss structures are a new kind of structures with integrated active members,whose dynamic characteristies can be beneficially modified to meet mission requirements.Active members containing actuating and sensing units are the major components of adaptive truss structures.Modeling of adaptive truss structures is a key step to analyze the structural dynamic characteristics.A new experimental modal analysis approach,in which active members are used as excitatiDn sources for modal test,has been proposed in this paper.The excitation forces generated by the active members, which are different from the excitation forces exerted on structures in the conventional modal test,are internal forces for the truss structures.The relation between internal excitation forces and external forces is revealed such that the traditional identification method can be adopted to obtain modal parameters of adaptive structures.Placement problem of the active member in adaptive truss structures is also discussed in this work. Modal test and analysis are conducted with a planar adaptive truss structure by using piezoelectric active members in order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

A review of welding residual stress test methods

Due to local uneven heating during the welding process,the residual stress of the structure after welding affects the reliability of it.In order to ensure the reliability,it is of great significance to test the residual stress distribution of the welded joint.It has always been the focus to find a simple and feasible method for residual stress testing to quickly and accurately obtain the residual stress distribution of welded joints.The mechanical measurement method has high measurement accuracy,convenient and easy operation,but it will cause certain damage to the components.Physical measurement method can avoid damage to components,but its test cost is usually high,and its measurement accuracy can also be affected by the material microstructure characteristics of welded components.Based on the advantages and disadvantages of these two residual stress test methods,a modal test method is proposed.This method is a non-destructive measurement method.Based on the mathematical relationship between the residual stress of the welded structure and the natural frequency(mathematical model),the natural frequency is measured through the modal test to calculate the residual stress quickly.However,it is difficult to establish a mathematical model with this method,and it is not suitable for realization.

Modal Strain Energy Based Structural Damage Localization for Offshore Platform using Simulated and Measured Data

Modal strain energy based methods for damage detection have received much attention. However, most of published articles use numerical methods and some studies conduct modal tests with simple 1D or 2D structures to verify the damage detection algorithms. Only a few studies utilize modal testing data from 3D frame structures. Few studies conduct performance comparisons between two different modal strain energy based methods. The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the effectiveness of a traditional modal strain energy method(Stubbs index) and a recently developed modal strain energy decomposition(MSED) method for damage localization, for such a purpose both simulated and measured data from an offshore platform model being used. Particularly, the mode shapes used in the damage localization are identified and synthesized from only two measurements of one damage scenario because of the limited number of sensors. The two methods were first briefly reviewed. Next, using a 3D offshore platform model, the damage detection algorithms were implemented with different levels of damage severities for both single damage and multiple damage cases. Finally, a physical model of an offshore steel platform was constructed for modal testing and for validating the applicability. Results indicate that the MSED method outperforms the Stubbs index method for structural damage detection.

A Robust Damage Detection Method Developed for Offshore Jacket Platforms Using Modified Artificial Immune System Algorithm

Steel jacket-type platforms are the common kind of the offshore structures and health monitoring is an important issue in their safety assessment. In the present study, a new damage detection method is adopted for this kind of structures and inspected experimentally by use of a laboratory model. The method is investigated for developing the robust damage detection technique which is less sensitive to both measurement and analytical model uncertainties. For this purpose, incorporation of the artificial immune system with weighted attributes （AISWA） method into finite element （FE） model updating is proposed and compared with other methods for exploring its effectiveness in damage identification. Based on mimicking immune recognition, noise simulation and attributes weighting, the method offers important advantages and has high success rates. Therefore, it is proposed as a suitable method for the detection of the failures in the large civil engineering structures with complicated structural geometry, such as the considered case study.

Identification of Systems Containing Nonlinear Element Using Constant Response Vibration Tests

Nonlinear behavior is important in the vibration test of engineering structures. In this study, a constant response vibration test is proposed for nonlinear element extraction. The method is based on the principle of Harmonic Balance Method (HBM). The stiffness or damping can be regarded as constant for particular steady displacement or velocity response. The displacement or velocity is controlled as a constant in the test. Then the measured Frequency Response Function(FRF) is obtained. The equivalent stiffness or damping is estimated using FRFs for a particular vibration response level. The displacement-dependent stiffness and velocity-dependent damping are fitted to describe the unknown non-linearity. The nonlinear spring and damping force can be obtained by combining the fitting results with HBM using first-order expansion. Constant response vibration test is illustrated through experimental setup to verify its effectiveness. Experimental results show that the procedure is capable of achieving an accurate parameter identification of nonlinear damping and stiffness, which is hopeful for industrial application.

Effect of Tire Repeated Root Modal on Tire Modelling with Experimental Modal

The effect of tire repeated root modal（RRM）on tire modeling with an experimental modal is studied.Firstly,a radial tire with radial and tangential RRMs is tested and analyzed.By multi-point exciting of the radial tire,a multiple reference frequency domain method based on a least squares（LMS PolyMAX）algorithm is used to identify modal parameters.Then,modal stability diagram（MSD）,modal indication function（MIF）and modal assurance criteria（Auto-MAC）matrix are utilized to induce multiple inputs multiple outputs（MIMO）frequency response function（FRF）matrixes.The tests reveal that notable repeated roots exist in both radial and tangential response modes.Their modal frequencies and damping factors are approximately the same,the amplitudes of modal vectors are in the same order of magnitude,and the mode shapes are orthogonal.Based on the works mentioned,the method of trigonometric series modal shapes fitting is adopted,the effects of RRM model on tire modeling with a vertical experimental modal are discussed.The final results show that the effects of considering the RRM shapes are equivalent to the tire mode shapes depended on rotating the tire’s different exciting points during tire modeling,and since considering the RRM,the tire mode shapes can be unified and fixed during tire modeling.

Modeling and Measurement of a Tunable Acoustoelastic System

Acoustoelastic coupling occurs when a hollow structure’s in-vacuo mode aligns with an acoustic mode of the internal cavity.The impact of this coupling on the total dynamic response of the structure can be quite severe depending on the similarity of the modal frequencies and shapes.Typically,acoustoelastic coupling is not a design feature,but rather an unintended result that must be remedied as modal tests of structures are often used to correlate or validate finite element models of the uncoupled structure.Here,however,a test structure is intentionally designed such that multiple structural and acoustic modes are well-aligned,resulting in a coupled system that allows for an experimental investigation.First,coupling in the system is identified using a measure termed the magnification factor.Next,the structural-acoustic interaction is measured.Modifications to the system demonstrate the dependency of the coupling on changes in the mode shape and frequency proximity.This includes an investigation of several practical techniques used to decouple the system by altering the internal acoustic cavity,as well as the structure itself.These results show that acoustic absorption material effectively decoupled the structure while structural modifications,in their current form,proved unsuccessful.Readily available acoustic absorptive material was effective in reducing the coupled effects while presumably adding negligible mass or stiffness to the structure.

基于LMS.Test.Lab的快走丝机床振动测试与分析

为了获得全面的振动特性参数，应用LMS． Test． Lab振动测试系统对典型的快走丝线切割机床DK7735进行试验。分析试验结果可以看出： DK7735丝架在266～288 Hz、347～397 Hz、875～943 Hz频率段内的模态振型对加工质量影响最大，因此应避免机床在运行过程中产生的振动激励落在该范围内；机床下臂前段的阻尼比为0．30左右，结构抗振能力较差，应对此处进行结构优化； DK7735的第1、2阶固有频率集中在160、285 Hz附近，从第3阶开始固有频率的分布就比较分散。

Influence of Trailing-Edge Wear on the Vibrational Behavior of Wind Turbine Blades

To study the impact of the trailing-edge wear on the vibrational behavior of wind-turbine blades,unworn blades and trailing-edge worn blades have been assessed through relevant modal tests.According to these experiments,the natural frequencies of trailing-edge worn blades-1,-2,and-3 increase the most in the second to fourth order,thefifth order increases in the middle,and thefirst order increases the least.The damping ratio data indi-cate that,in general,thefirstfive-order damping ratios of trailing-edge worn blades-1 and trailing-edge worn blades-2 are reduced,and thefirstfive-order damping ratios of trailing-edge worn blades-3 are slightly improved.The mode shape diagram shows that the trailing-edge worn blades-1 and-2 have a large swing in the tip and the blade,whereas the second-and third-order vibration shapes of the trailing edge-worn blade-3 tend to be improved.Overall,all these results reveal that the blade’s mass and the wear area are the main fac-tors affecting the vibration characteristics of wind turbine blades.

Practice on Gravity-1 Rocket Dynamic Characteristics Design

Since the Dongfeng-2 missile, full-vehicle modal testing has been established as an indispensable part of the development and testing of rocket and missile models. However, as rockets have been developed larger, the cost and duration of such tests have significantly increased, magnifying their impact on model development. This article follows the process of the modal testing practice of the Gravity-1 rocket, reviewing and summarizing the design process of the rocket's dynamic characteristics. Initially, the article introduces common modeling techniques for launch rockets, including the mass-beam model and the hybrid element model. It then discusses the relationship between the structural dynamics model of the launch rocket and modal testing, aiming to reduce testing costs through refined structural dynamics modeling methods. Subsequently, the article describes the dynamic characteristics design process of the Gravity-1 carrier rocket, categorizes structural parameters, and studies how the selection of structural parameters affects the predicted dynamic characteristics of the rocket. Finally, it elaborates on the design of the modal testing scheme and the dynamic characteristics design based on the test data.

螺栓连接金属膜盘联轴器的模态分析与试验研究

在带关节轴承金属膜盘联轴器的运行过程中,为了减少联轴器膜盘的偏振问题,对挠性膜盘联轴器的振动特性进行了研究。首先,为了提高有限元模态分析的精度,根据有限元分析在处理接触问题时的特点,建立了金属膜盘联轴器螺栓连接结构的等效接触有限元模型;其次,利用有限元方法研究了带关节轴承和不带关节轴承金属膜盘联轴器的振动特性,分析了关节轴承对金属膜盘联轴器径向和轴向刚度的影响规律;最后,采用LMS振动测试系统,搭建了金属膜盘联轴器振动测试实验台,分析了带关节轴承和不带关节轴承金属膜盘联轴器在自由状态和两端固支条件下的振动特性,并将测试结果与有限元结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:等效接触区域法能在一定精度范围内反映试验条件下金属膜盘联轴器的接触特性,准确计算出该结构的各阶模态参数和振型,且误差保持在5%以内;关节轴承安装在膜盘位置处,可以增大联轴器轴向刚度,起到保护膜盘的作用,同时对联轴器径向刚度的影响也不大。该研究结果可为带关节轴承金属膜盘联轴器的结构设计和优化提供理论基础。

渡槽排架结构人工激励模态试验分析

开展渡槽排架单向单输入多输出SIMO(Single Input Multiple Output)法、双向多输入多输出MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)法人工激励模态试验,选用特征系统实现法识别纵向、横向、双向模态参数,结果表明,单向SIMO法稳定图绝大多数谱峰明显、模态识别效果较好,纵向模态比横向丰富、识别效果好;双向MIMO法纵向谱峰大多数明显,横向除双向第2阶(即横向第1阶)谱峰明显外,其他基本很小,尤其是横向模态频率接近纵向时,甚至无谱峰,只识别出纵向模态;排架结构以排架柱弯曲振动为主,纵向低阶、高阶模态横梁分别以平动或转动刚体振动、弯曲振动为主,横向模态横梁为平动或不动刚体振动;两种方法识别出的模态频率误差较小,模态阻尼在正常范围,但双向MIMO法部分横向模态未能准确识别。从识别精度、试验工作量及操作便捷性而言,排架结构人工激励模态试验选择单向SIMO法优于双向MIMO法。

基于油气支承自由边界模拟的全箭模态试验技术研究

为了验证基于油气支承自由边界模拟开展全箭模态试验的工程应用,分别开展了基于小型油气支承系统验证方法和全箭模态试验应用可行性研究,对油气支承单元和系统进行了验证方案设计和实施,并对油气支承系统的关键设计指标、系统功能、稳定性和可靠性进行测量验证。最后开展某型号运载火箭的油气支承自由边界模拟和弹簧钢索悬挂自由边界模拟的全箭模态验证对比试验,验证了试验技术的可行性和有效性,也为未来大型运载火箭的研制提供试验技术支撑并积累了工程经验。

农机触土部件前行阻力测试装置的设计与试验

田间作业机械的工作阻力分析是农业机械设计工作中一重要环节,对试验装置的可靠性和测量精度具有较高要求。为研究农机关键触土部件的试验样件的前行阻力,本文设计了一种阻力测试装置,并保证了较高的稳定性和测量精度。针对该装置在正常工作时产生的振动是否会影响其工作性能,利用Solid Works软件对测试装置的台架进行三维建模,并采用有限元分析软件ANSYS-Workbench对其进行模态分析,求解出台架的前6阶模态频率与振型。模态分析结果表明：台架的前6阶固有频率分布在21～38Hz之间,而当牵引台的行进速度为0.1～1.0m·s-1时,该装置受到的外激频率为0.346～3.462Hz,远低于台架的低阶固有频率21.778Hz,有效地避免了共振的产生。以插秧机船板样件的拖拽试验为例,通过三因素三水平正交试验,分析该装置结构设计的合理性。分析结果表明：船板样式、配重和前进速度对试验指标的影响极显著,并得出各因素的最优组合,即前进速度为0.4m·s-1、配重为0.7kg、仿生船板样件的滑行阻力最小。该研究为水田、旱地作业机械关键触土部件的试验样件的前行阻力分析提供了条件。

复合材料模量对汽车传动轴固有频率的影响

利用Ansys Workbench有限元软件和脉冲激振技术,分别从有限元理论计算与实验相结合的角度研究了不同纤维增强复合材料对汽车传动轴固有频率的影响规律。采用玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、T700碳纤维及T800碳纤维等四种不同纤维制备了复合材料传动轴轴管,并根据GB/T 1548—2008,表征了复合材料的力学性能。利用有限元仿真与脉冲激振模态测试两种方法表征了不同纤维缠绕的复合材料汽车传动轴的固有频率。结果表明:脉冲激振模态测试传动轴的固有频率方法结果比较直观,可以准确地得到传动轴的固有频率;有限元仿真分析与脉冲激振法实测结果有一定偏差,但可以通过仿真模型的调整,使仿真结果更加准确;提高复合材料的拉伸模量是提高复合材料传动轴固有频率的有效途径之一。

某MPV车内轰鸣噪声试验分析与降噪改进

某公司在开发某款多用途车(MPV)的NVH性能时发现车内轰鸣噪声过大并伴随明显车内振动的问题,驾驶员主观评价为不可接受,严重影响了汽车驾驶的舒适性。通过试验和仿真结合方法对轰鸣噪声的形成原因进行分析,识别了轰鸣声传递的路径,确认了车身局部模态及传动系统扭振问题对车内轰鸣噪声的影响。针对车内存在2处噪声峰值,通过顶棚局部结构的改进和传动轴转动惯量参数的改进,对车内轰鸣声进行了降噪改进处理,最终达到降低车内轰鸣噪声及提高样车驾驶舒适性目标。该研究针对MPV提出的轰鸣声识别与降噪方法对企业在同类车型车内噪声的降低具有一定的借鉴作用。

风电叶片低阶频率识别的近似解法及试验

风电叶片截面具有不规则特征,采用传统的Bernoulli-Euler Beam模型求解其低阶固有频率非常困难。提出一种风电叶片低阶固有频率识别的新方法—矩阵传递算法。沿叶片展向将其离散为若干个二节点梁,对每个二节点梁段求出段矩阵,将总传递矩阵等效为若干个段矩阵之积。通过引入边界条件,编制程序对aeroblade3.6-56.4风电叶片的低阶固有频率进行数值计算。最后以该叶片为研究对象,构建一套大叶片模态参数识别试验系统,采用单点激励中的"不测力法",加速度信号经过有限脉冲滤波器(FIR)和快速FFT变换后,得到最大挥舞、摆振方向(Max flapwise、Maxedgewise)的低阶固有频率值。将计算结果与试验结果作对比,验证了矩阵传递算法应用于大叶片低阶固有频率识别的可行性。模态参数识别试验得到的频率值,也为后续的风电叶片疲劳加载试验打下基础。