4.05 kW monolithic fiber laser oscillator based on home-made large mode area fiber Bragg gratings

With the increasing output power of the monolithic fiber laser oscillators, the stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） effect becomes one of the main limitations of power scaling. Employing fiber with a larger mode area is an effective technique to mitigate the SRS, but, for the monolithic fiber laser oscillators, the difficulty of the inscription of the high-reflection fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs） increases with the fiber mode area. In this work, we demonstrated a high-power monolithic fiber laser oscillator based on the home-made large mode area FBGs and ytterbium-doped fiber （YDF） with 25 μm core diameters. A maximum output power of 4.05 kW is achieved at the central wavelength of -1080 ？nm with a total 915 nm pump power of -6.7 kW. At the operation of 4.05 kW, the intensity of the Raman Stokes light is -25 dB below the signal laser, and the beam quality （M2-factor） is -2.2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of the monolithic fiber laser oscillator with an output power beyond 4 kW.

Amplification characteristics in active tapered segmented cladding fiber with large mode area

A kind of tapered segmented cladding fiber(T-SCF)with large mode area(LMA)is proposed,and the mode and amplification characteristics of T-SCFs with concave,linear,and convex tapered structures are investigated based on finite-element method(FEM)and few-mode steady-state rate equation.Simulation results indicate that the concave tapered structure can introduce high loss for high-order modes(HOMs)that is advantageous to achieve single-mode operation,whereas the convex tapered structure provides large effective mode area that can help to mitigate nonlinear effects.Meanwhile,the small-to-large amplification scheme shows further advantages on stripping off HOMs,and the large-to-small amplification scheme decreases the heat load density induced by the high-power pump.Moreover,singlemode propagation performance,effective mode area,and heat load density of the T-SCF are superior to those of tapered step index fiber(T-SIF).These theoretical model and numerical results can provide instructive suggestions for designing high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers.

Experimental Investigation of Macro-Bending Loss in Large Mode Area Photonic Crystal Fibers

We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in the cladding.

All-fiberized very-large-mode-area Yb-doped fiber based high-peak-power narrow-linewidth nanosecond amplifier with tunable pulse width and repetition rate

We demonstrate an all-fiberized narrow-linewidth nanosecond amplifier with high peak power,tunable pulse width,and repetition rate.A fiber-coupled narrow-linewidth laser diode operating at 1064.1 nm is employed as the seed source,which is gain-switched to generate nanosecond pulses with tunable pulse widths of 1-200 ns and tunable repetition rates of10 Hz-100 kHz.By utilizing a very-large-mode-area Yb-doped fiber with a core diameter of 50 μm in the power amplifier,thresholds of the stimulated Brillouin scattering at different pulse widths and repetition rates are increased.The maximum average power reaches 30.8 W at the pulse width of 4 ns and a repetition rate of 100 kHz,corresponding to an optical-tooptical conversion efficiency of ~55.2%.Pulse energy and peak power are calculated to be 0.2 mJ and 50 kW,respectively,which are limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering.The 3-dB spectral linewidth remains around 0.05 nm during the power scaling process.The stimulated Brillouin scattering limited output powers at different pulse widths and repetition rates are investigated.Peak power of 47.5 kW(0.19 mJ) is obtained for the 4 ns pulses at a repetition rate of 50 kHz,which is nearly the same as that of 4 ns pulses at 100 kHz.When the pulse width of the seed source is increased to 8 ns,peak powers/pulse energies are decreased to 19.6 kW/0.11 mJ and 13.3 kW/0.08 mJ at repetition rates of 50 kHz and 100 kHz,respectively.

Geological Features and Reservoiring Mode of Shale Gas Reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba Area

This study is based on the sedimentation conditions, organic geochemistry, storage spaces, physical properties, lithology and gas content of the shale gas reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba area and the gas accumulation mode is summarized and then compared with that in northern America. The shale gas reservoirs in the Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba have good geological conditions, great thickness of quality shales, high organic content, high gas content, good physical properties, suitable depth, good preservation conditions and good reservoir types. The quality shales at the bottom of the deep shelf are the main target interval for shale gas exploration and development. Shale gas in the Longmaxi Formation has undergone three main reservoiring stages：the early stage of hydrocarbon generation and compaction when shale gas reservoirs were first formed; the middle stage of deep burial and large-scale hydrocarbon generation, which caused the enrichment of reservoirs with shale gas; the late stage of uplift, erosion and fracture development when shale gas reservoirs were finally formed.

The Tobacco Farmers’Mutual Assistance and Cooperation Pattern in Modern Tobacco Agriculture in Mountainous Areas

This article introduces the basic situation of Yanziqian Tobacco Farmers' Mutual Assistance and Cooperation Association in Jiamachi Town of Xianfeng County.It analyzes the operating mode of tobacco farmers' mutual assistance and cooperation association,and conducts a comparative analysis of tobacco farmers' costs and benefits before and after participating in mutual assistance and cooperation.Studies show that the mode of tobacco farmers' mutual assistance and cooperation,is conducive to reducing labor in curing link,promoting the quality of tobacco,increasing tobacco farmers' income,which is worthy of promotion.

A Multi-Model Approach to Design a Robust SVC Damping Controller Using Convex Optimization Technique to Enhance the Damping of Inter-Area Oscillations Considering Time Delay

This paper introduces a multi-model approach to design a robust supplementary damping controller. The designed fixed-order supplementary damping controller adjusts the voltage reference set point of SVC. There are two main objectives of the controller design, damping low frequencies oscillations and enhancing power system stability. This method relies on shaping the closed-loop sensitivity functions in the Nyquist plot under the constraints of these functions. These constraints can be linearized by choosing a desired open-loop transfer function. The robust controller is designed to minimize the error between the open-loop of the original plant model and the desired transfer functions. These outcomes can be achieved by using convex optimization methods. Convexity of the problem formulation ensures global optimality. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is that the approach accounts for multi-model uncertainty. In contrast to the methods available in the literature, the proposed approach deals with full-order model (i.e., model reduction is not required) with lower controller order. The issue of time delay of feedback signals has been addressed in this paper for different values of time delay by applying a multi-model optimization technique. The proposed approach is compared to other existing techniques to design a robust controller which is based on H2 under pole placement. Both techniques are applied to the 68-bus system to evaluate and validate the robust controller performance under different load scenarios and different wind generations.

Robust H_∞ Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Power System With Time Delay:A Sliding Mode Control Approach

This paper is devoted to investigate the robust H∞sliding mode load frequency control(SMLFC) of multi-area power system with time delay. By taking into account stochastic disturbances induced by the integration of renewable energies,a new sliding surface function is constructed to guarantee the fast response and robust performance, then the sliding mode control law is designed to guarantee the reach ability of the sliding surface in a finite-time interval. The sufficient robust frequency stabilization result for multi-area power system with time delay is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). Finally,a two-area power system is provided to illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the obtained results.

老采空区地表沉降预测合理监测模式分析

为研究老采空区沉降监测数据时间间隔对预测精度的影响,本文利用某老采空区地表沉降监测点实测沉降数据,在等时间间隔、非等时间间隔两种情况下建立两种方案、六种沉降预测模式,采用长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)预测模型对老采空区地表沉降进行预测,以平均绝对误差(MAE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)作为评价指标,分析不同时间间隔监测数据对预测精度的影响。结果表明,在总监测时长不变的情况下,预测精度随平均监测间隔时长的增长呈先增高后降低的趋势,即并非监测间隔越短,预测精度越高,而是在相应监测间隔范围内存在预测精度最优值。研究成果可为老采空区监测方案设计及沉降预测模式提供借鉴和指导。

青岛西海岸新区蓝莓不同栽培模式生产中存在的技术问题

青岛西海岸新区是山东省蓝莓产业的主要生产区,蓝莓栽培模式多样,实现温室、保温式大棚、大棚、露天4种模式。通过调研、分析,归纳出不同生产模式出现的品种、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等栽培技术方面的问题,形成初步总结与提议,为山东省蓝莓技术提升和产业发展提供参考。

多模式组合的居住区绿地对热环境影响的模拟研究

居住区作为城镇居民三生活动最主要的空间单元,其热环境质量直接决定了小区内居民的舒适感和幸福度.本文在归纳总结城镇居住区绿地组合模式的基础上,基于非静力流体力学技术和热力学原理,耦合有限差分及交替方向隐式算法对小区范围内不同模式结构组合的绿地生态系统进行热效应模拟研究,通过对比分析不同模式组合的绿地系统热环境效应特征,探寻多模式组合下的居住区绿地与局地热环境间的交互关系.结果表明:在相同的模拟条件下,“中心+宅间”绿地组合模式的热环境效应最好,“组团+宅间”模式次之,“宅间”模式热环境效应最差;模拟区域内三种绿地组合模式的最高最低温度差分别为2.36、2.31和2.34℃,且温度自西南向东北方呈现圈层式分布特征;多绿植类型的组合模式对局地热环境的改善效果依次为:草+灌+乔>草+乔>草+灌>草,灌木对绿地热环境舒适度的改善效果不显著.该研究能够为居住区绿地规划设计与实践提供科学参考.

新疆北部不同区域暖区暴雪过程水汽特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,主要运用HYSPLIT(拉格朗日后向轨迹)方法模拟追踪了1980-2020年冬季新疆北部27次暖区暴雪天气水汽特征,分析不同源地水汽源-汇关系及其对暴雪的贡献。结果表明,500 hPa主要水汽源地为格陵兰岛和大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,对阿勒泰地区暴雪贡献最大的水汽源头是大西洋及其沿岸附近,塔额盆地为地中海和黑海及其附近,沿途损失均较大;700 hPa主要为北欧、大西洋及其沿岸附近、地中海和黑海及其附近,对阿勒泰地区暴雪贡献最大的是地中海和黑海及其附近,塔额盆地是北欧,沿途损失最大前者是地中海和黑海及其附近,后者为大西洋及其沿岸;850 hPa上主要为中亚、地中海和黑海及其附近,前者对暴雪的贡献最大,到达暴雪区后增加较多。各源地水汽随西风气流达到关键区后,主要从偏西(西南)和西北两条路径输入暴雪区,前者占主导地位;对流层低层阿勒泰地区较塔额盆地水汽源地和路径更复杂。基于上述分析,构建了暖区暴雪水汽来源及路径的贡献模型,对阿勒泰地区、塔额盆地各层水汽贡献进行了细致的描述。

疗愈导向下寒地校园暖廊与绿地空间的交互模式研究

校园心理健康工作的重要性日趋提高,寒地校园暖廊与绿地空间是学生课余活动的主要场所,规划建设时需均衡交通功能、活动功能与疗愈功能。疗愈导向下的寒地校园与绿地空间交互模式研究,旨在为学生提升校园环境中缓解压力、舒缓紧张情绪、恢复身心健康的作用,为校园规划提供决策指导和实施思路。以哈尔滨工业大学校园规划为例,通过问卷调查的方法,提取寒地校园暖廊的功能需求、暖廊内外休闲活动空间意向类型、暖廊与绿地的组合方式等,将暖廊与绿地空间作为校园规划的两类体系组织规划,提出通过空间布局、功能复合、植物配置等规划途径,形成疗愈导向下的暖廊与绿地空间网络化布局交互模式、暖廊内外绿化融合交互模式、休闲活动空间交互模式,以期指导寒地校园暖廊与绿地空间规划。

考虑不同失效模式的索杆结构构件面积缺损限值研究

索杆结构长期服役过程中的锈蚀会造成构件截面损失,导致结构内力的重新分配,影响结构的安全性能。文中基于可靠度理论与结构极限状态分别建立了构件强度失效、钢索松弛失效及节点变形失效3种失效模式,并得到了不同失效模式临界状态下的可靠度限值控制不等式;通过力学推导,给出了以缺损面积为变量的杆件内力与节点位移变化公式,依据该公式可计算出可靠度限值控制不等式中的影响系数矩阵;引入钢材的锈蚀模型并结合非线性规划,提出了一种确定索杆结构构件面积缺损限值的方法。对一Levy型索穹顶的构件面积缺损限值进行了算例分析,并与规范限值进行对比。结果表明:索杆结构中的多数构件在强度失效与变形失效模式下的面积缺损限值高于耐久性限值,但松弛失效模式下的构件面积缺损限值小于耐久性限值,如按该限值要求对结构进行设计及维护将有可能发生钢索松弛失效;而安全性限值对于钢索构件较为严格,对于钢杆构件则与耐久性限值相同。因此,需综合考虑3种失效模式与规范限值,并按最严格的结果进行控制。

民族地区应用型高校创新创业教育发展现状分析

在社会主义经济建设发展新时期,国家对高校教育事业愈发重视,民族地区应用型高校以培养大学生创新创业能力为主要教学目标。为此,应在满足高校教育发展需求及办学原则基础上,对民族地区应用型大学创新创业教育建设中存在的问题进行深入探寻,提出构建民族地区应用型本科大学创新创业教学共同体的战略建议,为我国教育事业实现可持续发展奠定坚实基础,为我国社会主义经济建设发展提供应用型人才,从而保证民族区域建设有序运行。

松辽盆地营城组火山岩相发育特征——以吉林省九台地区野外露头为例

为了解松辽盆地营城组火山岩类型、火山岩相类型及成因模式的复杂性、相关性之间的关系,明确其对于油气勘探的意义,利用野外露头、钻井资料、岩石薄片等多种地质资料,识别火山岩类型,划分火山岩相,分析了火山岩相成因特征。结果表明:①营城组发育4大类火山岩类型,即熔岩、火山碎屑熔岩、火山碎屑岩及碎屑沉积岩;②营城组野外露头划分了5种岩相类型,即火山口—火山通道型、火山口—破火山口型,近火山口—火山斜坡型、火山斜坡型和火山穹窿型;③建立了2类火山岩相成因模式,火山口堆积成因模式和火山斜坡成因模式。

带空气狭缝倒置结构的脊型硫系光波导后向受激布里渊散射研究

受激布里渊散射效应具有光谱线宽窄、频率稳定和增益方向敏感等优点,常用于激光器,慢光产生和微波光子滤波器等.本文基于As_(2)S_(3)硫系玻璃、以SiO_(2)为衬底设计了一种亚微米尺寸的带空气狭缝倒置结构脊型波导结构,具有高达8.22×10^(4)W^(–1)·m^(–1)的后向受激布里渊散射增益系数.研究显示在该结构的同种光学和声学模式下,更小的声光场有效模场面积具有更高的后向受激布里渊散射增益系数.还分析了硫系玻璃的光学损耗对后向受激布里渊散射的影响,发现当波导长度超过最优值后,斯托克斯光波功率开始下降,而增大泵浦光功率不仅可以提高斯托克斯光波功率的极大值,同时还会增大波导长度的最优值.当所输入的泵浦光功率为20 mW时,受激布里渊散射增益达到100 d B波导长度仅需要2 cm,这非常有利于光子器件的片上集成.

Poverty Alleviation Mode by Developing Sorghum Planting Industry in Dry-hot Valley Areas of Jinsha River in China:Taking Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province as an Example

There are many state-level poverty-stricken counties in the dry-hot valley areas of Jinsha River in China,with a wide range of poverty and extreme degree of poverty.The industry-supporting poverty alleviation ranks first in the"five batches"of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy.The practice of planting in Luquan County since 2017 shows that the valleys and slopes on the dry-hot valley areas of Jinsha River with an altitude above 1800 m have wide land suitable for sorghum planting,and suitable for introduction and planting.In recent years,the county has adopted the mode of enterprise+government+cooperative+poor household,introduced the Langzhitang wine factory,developed sorghum planting with large-scale,industrialized and specialized features to achieve stable income growth for the poor,and significant results have been achieved.Based on many field surveys,household surveys,and interviews with county and village leaders,this paper analyzes the specific practices and main effects of the county's poverty alleviation model by developing sorghum planting industry,aiming to provide necessary reference for the targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation in similar areas of Yunnan Province and other provinces.

鄂尔多斯盆地府谷地区深部煤层气富集成藏规律及有利区评价

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块是典型深部煤层气田,资源丰富且勘探开发潜力巨大。2023年10月,神府深部煤层大气田成功申报探明地质储量超1100亿m^(3)。府谷地区位于神府区块中部,是最早深部煤层气生产试验区,但目前对其煤层气的富集成藏规律和勘探开发潜力的认识尚不清楚。综合应用地震、测井、钻井和煤岩测试等资料以查明该地区深部煤层气地质特征、富集成藏规律和有利区分布。结果表明:主力煤层4+5、8+9号煤发育稳定且厚度较大(4+5号煤:3.2~5.8 m;8+9号煤:8.7~13.5 m),有利层段主要分布在煤层中上部位置;宏观煤岩类型主要为光亮-半亮煤,煤体结构主要为原生-碎裂结构煤;受深成变质作用的影响,煤类以气煤、肥煤和焦煤为主,煤的变质程度处于热解生气的高峰期,煤储层表现出中-高含气量(4+5号煤:3.0~12.0 m^(3)/t;8+9号煤:7.5~18.5 m^(3)/t)和中-高含气饱和度(35.0%~115.0%)等特征;主力煤层属于低渗储层((0.01~0.09)×10^(-3)μm^(2)),孔隙结构主要以微孔和小孔为主。提出府谷地区煤层气为“挠褶-断层-水动力”富集成藏模式,煤层气富集区位于构造平缓区和斜坡带。建立深部煤层气地质-工程双甜点评价体系,识别出I类地质-工程甜点区位于东部和西南部,是研究区深部煤层气勘探开发首选区带。因此,该研究认识进一步丰富了深部煤层气富集成藏理论,对鄂东缘深部煤层气勘探开发实践具有重要指导意义。

南昌西山万寿宫地方整理处的组织架构及其性质

1934—1936年的这三年间,南昌“新生活运动”正如火如荼地开展。为适应形势,西山万寿宫的进香活动也被纳入“新生活运动”的改造范围,南昌新建县西山万寿宫地方整理处应运而生。南昌西山万寿宫地方整理处作为江西省立民众教育馆的一个下辖组织,主要负责西山万寿宫及其周边地区的乡村社会秩序的整理和整顿工作,经历了一个由临时到定制的过程。在这个过程中,西山万寿宫地方整理处获得了具体的行政管辖范围,被赋予了充分的人事权和行政权,迥异于江西省立民众教育馆其他下辖机构,具有明显的“准政区”属性。西山万寿宫地方整理处是江西省立民众教育馆对南昌新建县西山万寿宫地区乡村治理的重要机构,在民国南昌乡村治理实践中具有重要的历史意义。