Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results s...Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.展开更多
多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)作为最新一代的视频编码标准,通过引入多种高效的编码工具进一步提升了视频编码性能。然而,VVC标准引入了四叉树加多类型树(quadtree plus multi-type tree,QTMT)划分结构,并将帧内预测模式...多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)作为最新一代的视频编码标准,通过引入多种高效的编码工具进一步提升了视频编码性能。然而,VVC标准引入了四叉树加多类型树(quadtree plus multi-type tree,QTMT)划分结构,并将帧内预测模式从35种扩展到67种,导致编码复杂度急剧上升。为降低VVC的帧内编码复杂度,首先,提出了一种基于图神经网络的帧内编码单元(coding unit,CU)划分快速算法,该算法利用高效的图神经网络模型直接预测CU的最优划分模式,从而跳过冗余的CU划分遍历。其次,提出了一种基于空间相关性和纹理特征的帧内模式选择快速算法,该算法利用平均方向方差和Sobel梯度算子确定纹理方向,并跳过部分角度预测模式,同时结合预测模式间的相关性精简率失真模式列表。实验结果表明,该算法能够在BDBR(bjontegaard delta bit rate)上升2.29%的代价下,节省64.04%的编码时间。展开更多
The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduce...The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduced in coding system, which hinders practical application of MVC. An efficient fast mode decision method using mode complexity is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. In the proposed method, mode complexity is firstly computed by using the spatial, temporal and inter-view correlation between the current macroblock(MB) and its neighboring MBs. Based on the observation that direct mode is highly possible to be the optimal mode, mode complexity is always checked in advance whether it is below a predefined threshold for providing an efficient early termination opportunity. If this early termination condition is not met, three mode types for the MBs are classified according to the value of mode complexity, i.e., simple mode, medium mode and complex mode, to speed up the encoding process by reducing the number of the variable block modes required to be checked. Furthermore, for simple and medium mode region, the rate distortion(RD) cost of mode 16×16 in the temporal prediction direction is compared with that of the disparity prediction direction, to determine in advance whether the optimal prediction direction is in the temporal prediction direction or not, for skipping unnecessary disparity estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to significantly reduce the computational load by 78.79% and the total bit rate by 0.07% on average, while only incurring a negligible loss of PSNR(about 0.04 d B on average), compared with the full mode decision(FMD) in the reference software of MVC.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11079045 and 11179003)the Important Direction Project of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program(No.KJCX2-YW-N27)
文摘Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.
文摘多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)作为最新一代的视频编码标准,通过引入多种高效的编码工具进一步提升了视频编码性能。然而,VVC标准引入了四叉树加多类型树(quadtree plus multi-type tree,QTMT)划分结构,并将帧内预测模式从35种扩展到67种,导致编码复杂度急剧上升。为降低VVC的帧内编码复杂度,首先,提出了一种基于图神经网络的帧内编码单元(coding unit,CU)划分快速算法,该算法利用高效的图神经网络模型直接预测CU的最优划分模式,从而跳过冗余的CU划分遍历。其次,提出了一种基于空间相关性和纹理特征的帧内模式选择快速算法,该算法利用平均方向方差和Sobel梯度算子确定纹理方向,并跳过部分角度预测模式,同时结合预测模式间的相关性精简率失真模式列表。实验结果表明,该算法能够在BDBR(bjontegaard delta bit rate)上升2.29%的代价下,节省64.04%的编码时间。
基金Project(08Y29-7)supported by the Transportation Science and Research Program of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(201103051)supported by the Major Infrastructure Program of the Health Monitoring System Hardware Platform Based on Sensor Network Node,China+1 种基金Project(61100111)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BE2011169)supported by the Scientific and Technical Supporting Program of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduced in coding system, which hinders practical application of MVC. An efficient fast mode decision method using mode complexity is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. In the proposed method, mode complexity is firstly computed by using the spatial, temporal and inter-view correlation between the current macroblock(MB) and its neighboring MBs. Based on the observation that direct mode is highly possible to be the optimal mode, mode complexity is always checked in advance whether it is below a predefined threshold for providing an efficient early termination opportunity. If this early termination condition is not met, three mode types for the MBs are classified according to the value of mode complexity, i.e., simple mode, medium mode and complex mode, to speed up the encoding process by reducing the number of the variable block modes required to be checked. Furthermore, for simple and medium mode region, the rate distortion(RD) cost of mode 16×16 in the temporal prediction direction is compared with that of the disparity prediction direction, to determine in advance whether the optimal prediction direction is in the temporal prediction direction or not, for skipping unnecessary disparity estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to significantly reduce the computational load by 78.79% and the total bit rate by 0.07% on average, while only incurring a negligible loss of PSNR(about 0.04 d B on average), compared with the full mode decision(FMD) in the reference software of MVC.
