Temperature-controlled Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper(Ⅰ or Ⅱ) Coordination Polymers via a Variety of Copper Coordination Modes

Two 1D coordination polymers Cu2I（C6N3H4）2（1） and CuⅡ（C6N3H4）2·H2O（2） based on benzotriazole（Bta） were hydrothermally synthesized by controlling the crystallization temperature.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction（XRD） analyses reveal that compound 1 is a 1D tubular structure constructed from two types of 1D chains {―Cu―N=N―N―} n,where the Cu（I） ions adopt linear,triangular,and tetrahedral coordination modes to connect two types of Bta ligands via π-π interaction inside the tubular-like chain.For compound 2,the Cu（Ⅱ） ions assume a quadrilateral coordination mode linking to the Bta ligands to give 1D straight chains,which stacks through π-π interactions to construct a 2D layer structure.Further characterizations including elemental analyses,infrared IR spectra,thermogravimetric（TG） analyses and luminescence properties have been done.

Contact-impact formulation for multi-body systems using component mode synthesis

The efficiency and accuracy are two most concerned issues in the modeling and simulation of multi-body systems involving contact and impact. This paper proposed a formulation based on the component mode synthesis method for planar contact problems of flexible multi-body systems. A flexible body is divided into two parts： a contact zone and an un-contact zone. For the un-contact zone, by using the fixed-interface substructure method as reference, a few low-order modal coordinates are used to replace the nodal coordinates of the nodes, and meanwhile, the nodal coordinates of the local impact region are kept unchanged, therefore the total degrees of freedom （DOFs） are greatly cut down and the computational cost of the simulation is significantly reduced. By using additional constraint method, the impact constraint equations and kinematic constraint equations are derived, and the Lagrange equations of the first kind of flexible multi-body system are obtained. The impact of an elastic beam with a fixed half disk is simulated to verify the efficiency and accuracy of this method.

High-speed tracked vehicle model order reduction for static and dynamic simulations

In this paper, a model order reduction strategy is adopted for the static and dynamic behaviour simulation of a high-speed tracked vehicle. The total number of degree of freedom of the structure is condensed through a selection of interface degrees of freedom and significant global mode shapes, for an approximated description of vehicle dynamic behaviour. The methodology is implemented in a customised open-source software to reduce the computational efforts. The modelled tracked vehicle includes the sprung mass, the unsprung masses, connected by means of torsional bars, and all the track assemblies, composing the track chain. The proposed research activity presents a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the track chain, combined with longitudinal vehicle speed, on statics and vehicle dynamics, focusing on vertical dynamics. The vehicle response has been investigated both in frequency and time domain. In this last case road-wheel displacements are assumed as inputs for the model, under different working conditions, hence considering several road profiles with different amplitudes and characteristic excitation frequencies. Simulation results have proven a high fidelity in model order reduction approach and a significant contribution of the track chain in the global dynamic behaviour of the tracked vehicle.

PRECISELY COMPENSATED EFFICIENT COMPONENT MODE SYNTHESIS METHOD

Based on the improved mode superposition method proposed by Z. D. Ma and I.Hagiwara, a precisely compensated efficient mode synthesis method is developed. The calculationprocedure is discussed in detail and the truncation error is also analyzed. By comparison, it isshown that this method has a higher accuracy and a less calculation time than the general used ones.

THE FREE-INTERFACE METHOD OF COMPONENT MODE SYNTHESIS FOR SYSTEMS WITH VISCOUS DAMPING

This paper presents a new free-interface method of component mode synthesis for linear systems with arbitrary viscous damping. The left and right projection matrices described by state-variable vectors are first introduced for components with rigid-body freedom. The operator function of projection matrices for state displacement and state force is proved, and then the state residual flexibility matrix and the state residual inertia-relief attachment mode are defined and employed. The results of three examples demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper leads to very accurate system eigenvalues and high mode-synthesis efficiency

Model Order Reduction of Complex Airframes Using Component Mode Synthesis for Dynamic Aeroelasticity Load Analysis

Airframe structural optimization at different design stages results in new mass and stiffness distributions which modify the critical design loads envelop. Determination of aircraft critical loads is an extensive analysis procedure which involves simulating the aircraft at thousands of load cases as defmed in the certification requirements. It is computationally prohibitive to use a GFEM （Global Finite Element Model） for the load analysis, hence reduced order structural models are required which closely represent the dynamic characteristics of the GFEM. This paper presents the implementation of CMS （Component Mode Synthesis） method for the generation of high fidelity ROM （Reduced Order Model） of complex airframes. Here, sub-structuring technique is used to divide the complex higher order airframe dynamical system into a set of subsystems. Each subsystem is reduced to fewer degrees of freedom using matrix projection onto a carefully chosen reduced order basis subspace. The reduced structural matrices are assembled for all the subsystems through interface coupling and the dynamic response of the total system is solved. The CMS method is employed to develop the ROM of a Bombardier Aerospace business jet which is coupled with aerodynamic model for dynamic aeroelasticity loads analysis under gust turbulence. Another set of dynamic aeroelastic loads is also generated employing a stick model of same aircraft. Stick model is the reduced order modelling methodology commonly used in the aerospace industry based on stiffness generation by unitary loading application. The extracted aeroelastic loads from both models are compared against those generated employing the GFEM. Critical loads modal participation factors and modal characteristics of the different ROMs are investigated and compared against those of the GFEM. Results obtained show that the ROM generated using Craig Bampton CMS reduction process has a superior dynamic characteristics compared to the stick model.

Multi Objective Robust Active Vibration Control for Flexure Jointed Struts of Stewart Platforms via H∞ and μ Synthesis

Active vibration control is needed for future space telescopes, space laser communication and other precision sensitive payloads which require ultra-quiet environments. A Stewart platform based hybrid isolator with 6 hybrid struts is the effective system for active/passive vibration isolation over 5-250 Hz band. Using an identification transfer matrix of the Stewart platform, the coupling analysis of six channels is provided. A dynamics model is derived, and the rigid mode is removed to keep the signal of pointing control. Multi objective robust H∞ and μ synthesis strategies, based on singular values and structured singular values respectively, are presented, which simultaneously satisfy the low frequency pointing and high frequency disturbance rejection requirements and take account of the model uncertainty, parametric uncertainty and sensor noise. Then, by performing robust stability test, it is shown that the two controllers are robust to the uncertainties, the robust stability margin of H, controller is less than that of μ controller, but the order of μ controller is higher than that of H, controller, so the balanced controller reduction is provided. Additionally, the μ controller is compared with a PI controller. The time domain simulation of the μ controller indicates that the two robust control strategies are effective for keeping the pointing command and isolating the harmonic and stochastic disturbances.

Study of the Performance and Microstructure of CeB_6/B_4C Ceramic Composite via in-situ Synthesis

CeB6/B4C ceramic composite was fabricated by hot-pressed sintering via in-situ synthesis reaction among B4C, CeOand C. The effects of CeB6 content on the performance and microstructure of CeB6/B4C composites were investigated. As the content of CeB6 was 2.42%, the microhardness of CeB6/B4C composite reached the maximum of 40.64 GPa, which was higher than that of monolithic B4C by 52.5%. As the content of CeB6 was 4.89%, the flexibility strength and the fracture toughness of CeB6/B4C composite reached the peak values of 346.7 MPa and 5.95 MPa·m1/2 respectively, which were higher than those of monolithic B4C by 17.96% and 61.7% respectively. The integrated mechanical property of CeB6/B4C ceramic composite with the 4.89% CeB6 content is optimal. It was also found that as in-situ synthesis of CeB6, the crystal grain growth was inhibited, and crystallite arrangement was so compact that the pores gradually reduced. The main fracture mode of CeB6/B4C ceramic composite was intercrystalline rupture, while the transcrystalline rupture was minor.

Generalized Odd-Even Mode Theory and Mode Synthesis Antenna Design Approach

In this article,studies on the multimode excitation problem of waveguides and antennas,the balance/unbalance mech-anism and the balanced feeding techniques in dipole antenna systems are first briefly historically reviewed.In this context,general-ized odd-even mode theory is advanced to quantitatively and approximately describe the mutual coupling effect between a feed line and an antenna.As is mathematically deduced and demonstrated,the modal parity mismatch between the feed line and the antenna should ultimately dominate the unbalance phenomenon in antenna systems.Thus,an elegant,closed-form formula is derived to ap-proximately calculate the“unbalance degree”of a straight dipole off-center fed by a symmetric twin-wire line.Design approaches for the simplest,linear,1-D multimode resonant antennas are introduced.Moreover,the“falling tone excitation”law gauged based on prototype dipoles is revealed and used to develop a mode synthesis design approach for microstrip patch antennas(MPAs)and 2-D sectorial electric dipole antennas.Design examples with distinctive radiation performance are presented and discussed.Finally,possible development trends of multimode resonant antennas are prospected.

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF NEODYMIUM COMPLEXES WITH CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID

Two complexes,NdL_3·2C_2H_5OH and NdL_3·2H_2O where L=cyclohexane-carboxylate anion,were synthesized and the structure of the former was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffration method. The crystal is triclinic,Pspace group with the cell parameters:a=1.2385(6),b=1.2385(6),c=0.9421(5) nm.α=91.69(4)°,β=98.49(4)°,γ=99.16(5)°,Z=2,V=1.436 nm^3.The structure was refined to R value of 0.0866.Each Nd atom is connected with other two Nd atoms by two bidentate and two tridentate carboxyl groups to form a linear polymer.The Nd atom is further coordinated by a chelating carboxyl and two ethanol molecules.So the central atom is nine-coordinated with a distorted monocapped square-antiprism geometry.The infrared spectra and the thermal analysis of the complexes were also studied.

SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE FIRST THREE DIMENSIONAL NETWORK CU(Ⅱ) COMPLEX BRIDGED BY BOTH OXAMIDE AND AZIDE

A novel three dimensional network complex polymer [Cu_4(oxen)_2(N_3)_3]_n(ClO_4)_n·2nH_2O, where oxen is N,N' -bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide dianion, has been synthesized. It crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P, with a=11.486(2), b=11.706(3), c=12.291(3) , α=77.42(2), β=67.59(2), γ=77.96(2)°, and z=2. The least-square refinements converged at R=0.047, with 3416 observed unique reflections. The complex has a pronounced three-dimensional character and can be viewed as the tetranuclear asymmetric repeating units through inversion and translation operations to extend a three-dimensional network. The structure of Cu_4 asymmetric unit consists of two square planar and two square pyramidal Cu central atoms linked by both azide ligands in end-on and end-to-end bonding modes, and oxamidate bridge in trans conformation.

Free-Interface Dual-Compatibility Modal Synthesis Substructure Method in Large-Scale Structures

Free-interface dual-compatibility modal synthesis method(compatibility of both force and displacement on interfaces)is introduced to large-scale civil engineering structure to enhance computation efficiency. The basic equations of the method are first set up, and then the mode cut-off principle and the dividing principle are proposed. MATLAB is used for simulation in different frame structures. The simulation results demonstrate the applicability of this substructure method to civil engineering structures and the correctness of the proposed mode cut-off principle. Studies are also conducted on how to divide the whole structure for better computation efficiency while maintaining better precision. It is observed that the geometry and material properties should be considered, and the synthesis results would be more precise when the inflection points of the mode shapes are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the simulation performed on a large-scale high-rise connected structure further proves the feasibility and efficiency of this modal synthesis method compared with the traditional global method. It is also concluded from the simulation results that the fewer number of DOFs in each substructure will result in better computation efficiency, but too many substructures will be time-consuming due to the tedious synthesis procedures. Moreover, the substructures with free interface will introduce errors and reduce the precision dramatically, which should be avoided.

引入逆向思维和设计理念的有机合成实验教学改革——以基于逆合成分析法的肉桂酸合成为例

以经典有机化学实验项目——肉桂酸的合成为例,介绍在有机合成实验教学中引入逆向思维的教学设计,经改进后,实验融入了丰富的思政元素,逆向推理思维模式的引入,避免了“照方抓药”式的实验教学;学生通过探究多条合成路线构建目标分子,进一步加深了对有机合成内涵的理解;本项目融入了三项诺贝尔化学奖成果,确保了教学内容的前沿性和先进性。

S波段MW级高效互耦磁控管模式分布调控

磁控管高效互耦锁相为基于电真空振荡器的高效率、高功率阵列提供了一种有效的技术方案。互耦结构的引入使得互耦磁控管整体上建立了新的谐振模式序列,其中满足互耦磁控管高效锁相的模式为期望的锁相模式。然而,锁相模式易受到模式序列中邻近模式的干扰,导致工作不稳定。提出一种等效电路与本征模分析相结合调控模式分布的方法,通过调控模式频率分隔,使锁相模式单模工作;同时建立磁控管工作模式与互耦结构耦合场匹配的谐振条件,实现磁控管的高效互耦锁相。为了验证该方法的有效性,设计了基于S波段MW级磁控管高效互耦模型,对锁相模式工作特性进行了粒子模拟,模拟结果表明互耦模型可以稳定工作在高效锁相模式:0相位差模式和π相位差模式,锁定频率约为2.545 GHz,接近磁控管单管自由振荡频率。每只磁控管的输出功率接近单管自由运行时的输出功率,电子效率与单管几乎相同,互耦锁相效率达到了99%,实现了高效锁相。

基于高精度模态综合法的螺栓连接组合结构不确定模型更新

由于螺栓结构中存在复杂的微观特征,数值模型中无法避免的会引入不确定性。针对螺栓设计中参数不确定性量化问题,一种基于高精度模态综合法的螺栓连接组合结构随机模型更新方法被提出。首先考虑高阶剩余模态的影响,推导了适用于螺栓组合结构弹性交界面的高精度模态综合法;之后,在贝叶斯推理框架下,通过组合结构的自振频率和振型的概率分布,建立螺栓连接参数的后验概率密度函数,并借助DRAM(delayed rejection adaptive metropolis)抽样方法量化参数的不确定性。数值算例表明,针对各子结构之间自振频率差别较大的结构,与模态综合法相比,本研究方法在较少子结构模态参与的情形下,也可以保证良好的模型更新结果。

结合高频感知的大气偏振模式生成方法

大气偏振模式是一种稳定的自然属性,其在导航、探测等领域有广泛的应用,但由于自然环境以及周边建筑物遮挡的影响,在同一时刻获取的大气偏振信息是局部且不连续的,导致其在实际应用中受到影响。现有方法主要对大气偏振模式进行大范围图像的修复,对于高频信号的修复精度十分有限导致边缘模糊。针对该问题,本文采用软分割软合成的方法,对偏振信息进行冗余分割并合成,避免了高频信号的丢失,挖掘每个局部中的高频信号特征,并根据大气偏振模式时空连续性合理推测,保证重构的信息与真实信息维持一致,从而生成完整连续的大气偏振信息。实验结果证明,本方法能够很好地重构大气偏振模式中缺失的偏振信息,在云层干扰大于40%的实测重构实验中,本文方法的SSIM和PSNR得分相较于其他方法提高了26%和12%。

多级多重模态减缩策略及其在转子系统动力学特性分析上的应用

航空发动机转子部件众多,多部件高维复杂系统计算量大,导致动力学分析困难、计算时间长,进而影响转子结构设计和动力学验证的效率。基于部件模态综合方法,提出一种针对多部件高维复杂系统降维计算的多级模态减缩策略。对每个单独的子结构利用固定界面模态减缩,并行减缩各子结构的内部自由度,同时完整保留子结构间的耦合关系。通过子结构组合定义新一级的子结构,应用多级模态减缩策略提升降维减缩效果,结合多重模态减缩方法,构建界面分支模态,可显著降低转子有限元模型的维数,同时保留关键子结构的动力学特征和系统整体关键动力学特性。此计算策略被用于某弹用发动机转子系统低维减缩模型的建立,利用减缩模型提升了转子动力学分析的效率,加速轴承刚度参数的优化设计。研究结果表明,与ANSYS计算相比,转子动力学分析所需时间降低了99.5%,精度误差不超过0.1%,该计算策略可用于多部件高维复杂系统的快速分析。

一步水热法合成兼具上转换发射增强和双模发射的NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),RE^(3+)@CDs纳米复合材料

稀土离子(RE^(3+))掺杂上转换发射材料因具有优异的光学性能,在生物医学、离子检测、荧光传感和防伪等领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。碳点(CDs)作为一类新型的碳纳米材料,可以与稀土掺杂构建复合材料,通过将不同材料的优势结合,展现出纳米复合材料独特的性质和功能。然而,现有研究制备的复合材料均为大尺寸,限制了其多功能应用,纳米复合材料合成策略亟需进一步的研究和完善。将柠檬酸和尿素制备的CDs添加到NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),RE^(3+)的前驱体溶液中,通过一步水热法制备了NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)@CDs纳米复合材料,采用XRD、TEM、FT-IR和XPS等表征手段深入研究了CDs对其结构和发射性能的影响。研究发现,CDs成功附着在NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),RE^(3+)表面,NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),RE^(3+)样品是具有立方相的单分散纳米球,CDs的引入未改变纳米复合材料中NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),RE^(3+)的晶型。NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),RE^(3+)@CDs纳米复合材料表现出优异的双模发射性能,分别归因于CDs的下转换发光和RE^(3+)掺杂离子的上转换特征发射。同时,CDs的引入使RE^(3+)上转换发射增强,其增强机制可能是:(1)通过CDs表面羧基与RE^(3+)的强配位,CDs成功钝化了NaYF_(4)部分表面缺陷;(2)利用CDs吸收激发电子,并将能量转移到RE^(3+)的较低能级,形成激发电子的富集。这种发光增强策略对于不同的掺杂离子(NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)、NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Tm^(3+)和NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+))也同样具有显著的增强效果。本研究结果为进一步改善RE^(3+)掺杂上转换发射材料的发光性能提供了一种简单且有效的新合成策略。

大规模Burst Mode异步控制电路分解与综合

对于现有的Burst Mode异步控制电路综合方法而言,由于在状态归约与赋值阶段需要进行完备的状态空间搜索,面临状态空间爆炸问题,因此仅仅适用于中小规模控制电路。为了提高电路的综合规模,使得Burst Mode异步控制电路走向实用化,提出了一种新的大规模Burst Mode异步控制电路的综合方法:利用Burs tMode状态机所对应有向图的有向回路集合对状态机进行分解,得到相互独立的子状态机;对各子状态机进行调整,采用请求/应答信号实现相应子状态机之间的四段握手通信;设计接口状态机解决相应子状态机之间的仲裁问题。通过实例比较可知,该方法可以大幅度地提高综合规模,降低综合复杂度,减少综合时间。

Study on LQR control algorithm using superelement model

The conventional linear quadratic regulator(LQR) control algorithm is one of the most popular active control algorithms.One important issue for LQR control algorithm is the reduction of structure's degrees of freedom(DOF). In this work, an LQR control algorithm with superelement model is intended to solve this issue leading to the fact that LQR control algorithm can be used in large finite element(FE) model for structure. In proposed model, the Craig-Bampton(C-B) method, which is one of the component mode syntheses(CMS), is used to establish superelement modeling to reduce structure's DOF and applied to LQR control algorithm to calculate Kalman gain matrix and obtain control forces. And then, the control forces are applied to original structure to simulate the responses of structure by vibration control. And some examples are given. The results show the computational efficiency of proposed model using synthesized models is higher than that of the classical method of LQR control when the DOF of structure is large. And the accuracy of proposed model is well. Meanwhile, the results show that the proposed control has more effects of vibration absorption on the ground structures than underground structures.