Factors Influence Hanoians’ Choice of Non-Motorized Transport Mode to Access Bus Stations

Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.

Backstepping Sliding Mode Control Based on Extended State Observer for Hydraulic Servo System

Hydraulic servo system plays an important role in industrial fields due to the advantages of high response,small size-to-power ratio and large driving force.However,inherent nonlinear behaviors and modeling uncertainties are the main obstacles for hydraulic servo system to achieve high tracking perfor-mance.To deal with these difficulties,this paper presents a backstepping sliding mode controller to improve the dynamic tracking performance and anti-interfer-ence ability.For this purpose,the nonlinear dynamic model is firstly established,where the nonlinear behaviors and modeling uncertainties are lumped as one term.Then,the extended state observer is introduced to estimate the lumped distur-bance.The system stability is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem.Finally,comparative simulation and experimental are conducted on a hydraulic servo system platform to verify the efficiency of the proposed control scheme.

Modelling of Active and Latent Attributes Based on Traveler Perspectives: Case of Port City of Douala

A growing stream of study stresses the relevance of subjective elements in understanding the hierarchy of preferences that underpin individual travel behavior. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of various factors on mode choice. To achieve this, a multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to analyze the relationships between mode choice and three classes of attributes;Combined Active and Latent, Active only and Latent only attributes. The data used are derived from surveys in the port city of Douala, Cameroon as a case study. Results stipulated that, the combined attributes model performed better than both active only attributes and latent only attributes models. Likewise, latent only attributes model performed better than active only attributes model. The advantage of modelling all three groups is for better selection of the most relevant attributes, and this is very relevant in understanding travel behavior of individuals and mode choice decisions.

Influence factors on the seismic behavior and deformation modes of gravity retaining walls

This study investigated the influence factors on the seismic response and deformation modes of retaining walls using large-scale model shaking table tests. Experimental results showed that the distribution of peak seismic earth pressures along the height of a wall was a single peak value curve. The seismic earth pressures on a gravel soil retaining wall were larger than the pressures on the weathered granite and quartz retaining walls. Also, the peak seismic earth pressure increased with increases in the peak ground acceleration and the wall height. The measured seismic active earth pressures on a rock foundation retaining wall were larger than the calculated values, and the action position of resultant seismic pressure was higher than 0.33 H. In the soil foundation retaining wall, the measured seismic earth pressures were much smaller than the calculated values, while the action position was slightly higher than 0.33 H. The soil foundation retaining wall suffered base sliding and overturning under earthquake conditions, while overturning was the main failure mode for the rock foundation retaining walls.

Sensory bases and the mode of feeding behavior of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis

We conducted behavior experiments on the roles of vision, olfaction, and the lateral line in feeding in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Gtinter. Chemical cues from the prey alone could not elicit any searching or attacking behavior by the fish; only when moving foods were presented, the chemical nature of the foods affected feeding. In addition, we found that normal tongue sole did not accurately recognize moving artificial prey of different shapes. Neither chemosense nor vision plays an important role in prey detection. Reactions to moving objects and the response of the oropharyngeal cavity to different foods showed that the （eyeless） tongue sole use mainly the lateral line for prey detection and capture. Gustation in the oropharyngeal cavity is essential for the fish to swallow its prey.

Reproductive Behaviors and Pairing Modes of Odontotermes fomosanus(Shiraki)Alates

[ Objectives ] To study the reproductive behaviors and the effect of different pairing modes on the developmental status of incipient colonies＇of Odontote- rmes fomosanus （Shiraki）. [ Methods ] We observed the reproductive behaviors of male alates, female Mates and mated alates respectively. Male and female Mates had 9 pairing modes and founded 170 incipient colonies under laboratory conditions. The effect of pairing mode on incipient colonies＇ developmental status was ana- lyzed. [ Results ] Two peaking hours of mating activity within the daily circadian rhythm of Mate activity appeared from 09：00 to 10：00, and from 21：00 to 22：00, respectively. Courtship behavior before mating consisted of touching with antennae, connecting into a ring （head-to-end）, and licking. The reproductive behavior （ calling, pairing, tandem, mating and oviposition） of nestmate pairs was different to that of non-nestmate pairs. The pairing time of non-nestmate pairs was signifi- candy longer than that of alates paired with siblings （P 〈 0.05 ）. The non-swarming alates could mate with swarming or non-swarming Mates and lay fertile eggs which hatched successfully. However, the survival rate of colonies founded by non-swarming alates was very low. The death rate of incipient colonies was in the range of 0.61% -0. 99% after three months, while the death rate of the colonies founded by swarming alates was in the range of 0.22% -0.58%. Females that had been experimentally prevented from mating could lay eggs, but the eggs did not hatch. [ Conclusion] There are two distinct hourly peaks of mating activity within each 24 hour period. Incipient colonies founded by outbreeding have the highest probability of survival.

Research on Behavior on Travel Mode, Going to Metro Station at Ho Chi Minh City

This research presents an analysis of travel mode choice for trips to Ho Chi Minh City metro station. Research methods were inherited through a formula to calculate passenger traffic forecasts to predict passengers, going to the station. Based on the collected data of interviews, traffic surveys, and ＂Irwin ＆ Von Cube＂ function, forecast the proportion of travel mode, and use to go to the station and leaving from the station. The results of study are used for the purpose of calculating the size of the metro station parking lots and parking layout plan.

Tour Level Mode Choice Analysis of Madison Area in Wisconsin

This study is to investigate what factors and how they affect tours (trip chains) behavior. The key issue is the understanding and definition of tour and tour level mode. Also, these definitions should fit for the data. A semi-home based tour definition is stated, and a competing mode based tour mode is defined. Based on the definition, this study used Madison Area Data from National Household Survey to estimate a MNL structured model. It is found that travel distance could be a positive factor for car mode. Meanwhile, the number of trips is also a positive factor for choosing car.

Computational Fracture Analysis of an AFM-Specimen under Mixed Mode Loading Conditions

Fracture processes in ship-building structures are in many cases of a 3-D character. A finite element （FE） model of an all fracture mode （AFM） specimen was built for the study of 3-D mixed mode crack fracture behavior including modes Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ. The stress intensity factors （SIFs） were calculated by the modified virtual crack closure integral （MVCCI） method, and the crack initiation angle assessment was based on a recently developed 3-D fracture criterion--the Richard criterion. It was shown that the FE model of the AFM-specimen is applicable for investigations under general mixed mode loading conditions, and the computational results of crack initiation angles are in agreement with some available experimental findings. Thus, the applicability of the FE model of the AFM-specimen for mixed mode loading conditions and the validity of the Richard criterion can be demonstrated.

Adaptive Proportional-Derivative Sliding Mode Control Law With Improved Transient Performance for Underactuated Overhead Crane Systems

In this paper, an adaptive proportional-derivative sliding mode control(APD-SMC) law, is proposed for 2D underactuated overhead crane systems. The proposed controller has the advantages of simple structure, easy to implement of PD control, strong robustness of SMC with respect to external disturbances and uncertain system parameters, and adaptation for unknown system dynamics associated with the feedforward parts. In the proposed APD-SMC law, the PD control part is used to stabilize the controlled system, the SMC part is used to compensate the external disturbances and system uncertainties,and the adaptive control part is utilized to estimate the unknown system parameters. The coupling behavior between the trolley movement and the payload swing is enhanced and, therefore, the transient performance of the proposed controller is improved.The Lyapunov techniques and the La Salle's invariance theorem are employed in to support the theoretical derivations. Experimental results are provided to validate the superior performance of the proposed control law.

Effects ofslip mode on microstructure evolution and compressive flow behavior of extruded dilute Mg−0.5Bi−0.5Sn−0.5Mn alloy

The influence of the slip mode on the microstructure evolution and compressive flow behavior at different strains in an extruded dilute Mg−0.5Bi−0.5Sn−0.5Mn alloy was analyzed through electron backscatter diffraction,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and hot compression tests.The results showed that at a low strain of 0.05,the basal<a>,pyramidal<a>and<c+a>slip modes were simultaneously activated.Nevertheless,at the middle stage of deformation(strain of 0.1,0.2 and 0.5),the<a>slip mode was difficult to be activated and<c+a>slip mode became dominant.The deformation process between strains of 0.2 and 0.5 was primarily characterized by the softening effect resulting from the simultaneous occurrence of continuous dynamic recrystallization and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization.Ultimately,at strain of 0.8,a dynamic equilibrium was established,with the flow stress remaining constant due to the interplay between the dynamic softening brought about by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and the work-hardening effect induced by the activation of the basal<a>slip mode.

Fishbone Mode Excited by Deeply Trapped Energetic Beam Ions in EAST

This paper describes the fishbone mode phenomena during the injection of highpower neutral beams in EAST（Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak）.The features of the fishbone mode are presented.The change in frequency of the mode during a fishbone burst is from 1 kHz to 6 kHz.The nonlinear behavior of the fishbone mode is analyzed by using a prey-predator model,which is consistent with the experimental results.This model indicates that the periodic oscillations of the fishbone mode always occur near the critical value of fast ion beta.Furthermore,the neutral beam analysis for the discharge is done by using the NUBEAM module of the TRANSP code.According to the numerical simulation results and theoretical calculation,it can be concluded that the fishbone mode is driven by the deeply trapped energetic beam ions in EAST.

A power and wavelength detuning-dependent hysteresis loop in a single mode Fabry-Prot laser diode

In this paper, we observe experimentally the optical bistability induced by the side-mode injection power and wave- length detuning in a single mode Fabry-P6rot laser diode （SMFP-LD）. Results show that the bistability characteristics of the dominant and injected modes are strongly dependent on the injected input optical power and wavelength detuning in an SMFP-LD. We observe three types of hysteresis loops： counterclockwise, clockwise, and butterfly hysteresis with various loop widths. In the case of a bistability loop caused by injection power, the transition from counterclockwise to clockwise in the hysteresis direction with the wavelength detuning from 0.028 nm to 0.112 nm is observed in a way of butterfly hys- teresis for the dominant mode by increasing the wavelength detuning. The width of hysteresis loop, induced by wavelength detuning is also changed while the injection power is enhanced from -7 dBm to -5 dBm.

Mode-Specific Quantum Dynamics Study of OH+H_(2)S→H_(2)O+SH Reaction

The hydrogen abstraction reaction from H_(2)S by OH is of key importance in understanding of the causes of acid rain,air pollution,and climate change.In this work,the reaction OH+H_(2)S→H_(2)O+SH is investigated on a recently developed ab initio-based globally accurate potential energy surface by the time-dependent wave packet approach under a reduceddimensional model.This reaction behaves like a barrier-less reaction at low collision energies and like an activated reaction with a well-defined barrier at high collision energies.Exciting either the symmetric or antisymmetric stretching mode of the molecule H_(2)S enhances the reactivity more than exciting the bending mode,which is rationalized by the coupling strength of each normal mode with the reaction coordinate.In addition,the modespecific rate constant shows a remarkable non-Arrhenius temperature dependence.

Sliding Mode Control of Fractional-Order Memristive System

A sliding mode controller for a fractional-order memristor-based chaotic system is designed to address its problem in stabilization control.Firstly,aphysically realizable fractional-order memristive chaotic system was introduced,which can generate a complex dynamic behavior.Secondly,a sliding mode controller based on sliding mode theory along with Lyapunov stability theory was designed to guarantee the occurrence of the sliding motion.Furthermore,in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the controller,a condition was derived with the designed controller＇s parameters,and the stability analysis of the controlled system was tested.A theoretical analysis shows that,under suitable condition,the fractional-order memristive system with a sliding mode controller comes to a steady state.Finally,numerical simulations are shown to verify the theoretical analysis.It is shown that the proposed sliding mode method exhibits a considerable improvement in its applications in a fractional-order memristive system.

Effects of comprehensive nursing with cognitive behavioral therapy in orthodontic osteodilated arch treatment

BACKGROUND This work explored the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)-based comprehensive nursing intervention(CNI)mode in arch expansion to treat patients with orthodontic osteodilated arch(OOA).AIM To explore the application effect of CBT-based CNI model in orthodontic expansion arch treatment.METHODS Using convenient sampling method,81 patients with OOA were selected and rolled into a control group(Ctrl group,40 cases)and an observation group(Obs group,41 cases).During the treatment,patients in the Ctrl group received routine nursing intervention mode,and the those in the Obs group received CBT mode on the basis of this.Before and after intervention,the incidence of oral mucositis,the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method,self-rating anxiety scale score,soft scale index,and plaque index were compared for patients in different groups.In addition,satisfaction and complications were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS Incidence of oral mucositis in the Obs group was lower(14.6%vs 38.5%),and the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method was obviously higher(90.2%vs 55.0%)was obviously higher(all P<0.05).Meanwhile,the soft scale index and plaque index in the Obs group were much lower(P<0.05).The compliance(90.24%)and satisfaction(95.12%)in the Obs group were greatly higher(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT-based CNI mode greatly improved the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method during arch expansion in treating patients with OOA and enhanced the therapeutic effect of arch expansion and the oral health of patients,improving the patient compliance.

Thermal behavior of an isolator with mode transition inducing back-pressure of a dual-mode scramjet

Combustion mode transition is a valuable and challenging research area in dual-mode scramjet engines.The thermal behavior of an isolator with mode transition inducing backpressure is investigated by direct-connect dual-mode scramjet experiments and theoretical analysis.Combustion experiments are conducted under the incoming airflow conditions of total temperature1270 K and Mach 2.A small increment of the fuel equivalence ratio is scheduled to trigger mode transition.Correspondingly,the variation of the coolant flow rate is very small.Based on the measured wall pressures,the heat-transfer model can quantify the thermal state variation of the engine with active cooling.Compared with the combustor,mode transition has a greater effect on the isolator thermal behavior,and it significantly changes the isolator heat-flux and wall temperature.To further study the isolator thermal behavior from flight Mach 4 to Mach 7,a theoretical analysis is carried out.Around the critical point of combustion mode transition,sudden changes of the isolator flowfield and thermal state are discussed.

Behavior of single mode optic-fiber ring resonant hydrophone

The behavior of a single mode optic-fiber interferometric hydrophone with ring resonator is discribed in this paper. The optic-fiber ring resonant hydrophone has rery high optical finesse, and receiving sensitivity level about -130 dB (re 1 V/μPa).

Modeling of Liquid Level and Bubble Behavior in Vacuum Chamber of RH Process

In the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus （RH） refining process, liquid steel flow pattern in a ladle is controlled by the fluid flow behavior in the vacuum chamber. Potassium chloride solution and NaOH solution saturated with CO2 were respectively used as a tracer to investigate the liquid and gas flow behaviors in the vacuum chamber. Principal compo nent and comparative analysis were made to show the factors controlling mixing and circulation flow rate. The liquid level and bubble behavior in the vacuum chamber greatly affect fluid flow in RH process. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of liquid steel level, gas flow rate, bubble residence time, and gas injection mode on mixing, decarburization, and void fraction. The results indicate that the mixing process can be divided into three regions： the flow rate affected zone, the concentration gradient-affected zone, and their combination. The liquid steel level in the vacuum chamber of 300 mm is a critical point in the decarburization transition. For liquid level lower than 300 mm, liquid steel circulation controls decarburization, while for liquid level higher than 300mm, bubble behavior is the main controlling factor. During the RH process, it is recommended to use the concentrated bubble injection mode for low gas flow rates and the uniform bubble injection mode for high gas flow rates.

Dynamic response and failure process of horizontal-layered fractured structure rock slope under strong earthquake

Rock slope with horizontal-layered fractured structure(HLFS)has high stability in its natural state.However,a strong earthquake can induce rock fissure expansion,ultimately leading to slope failure.In this study,the dynamic response,failure mode,and spectral characteristics of rock slope with HLFS under strong earthquake conditions were investigated based on the large-scale shaking table model test.On this basis,multiple sets of numerical calculation models were further established by UDEC discrete element program.Five influencing factors were considered in the parametric study of numerical simulations,including slope height,slope angle,bedding-plane spacing and secondary joint spacing as well as bedrock dip angle.The results showed that the failure process of rock slope with HLFS under earthquake action is mainly divided into four phases,i.e.,the tensile crack of the slope shoulder joints and shear dislocation at the top bedding plane,the extension of vertical joint cracks and increase of shear displacement,the formation of step-through sliding surfaces and the instability,and finally collapse of fractured rock mass.The acceleration response of slopes exhibits elevation amplification effect and surface effect.Numerical simulations indicate that the seismic stability of slopes with HLFS exhibits a negative correlation with slope height and angle,but a positive correlation with bedding-plane spacing,joint spacing,and bedrock dip angle.The results of this study can provide a reference for seismic stability evaluation of weathered rock slopes.