Some Physical Aspects of Summer Monsoon Clouds-Comparison of Cloud Model Results with Observations

The physical characteristics of the summer monsoon clouds were investigated. The results of a simple cloud model were compared with the aircraft cloud physical observations collected during the summer monsoon seasons of 1973, 1974, 1976 and 1981 in the Deccan Plateau region.The model predicted profiles of cloud liquid water content (LWC) are in agreement with the observed profiles. There is reasonable agreement between the model predicted cloud vertical thickness and observed rainfall.The observed cloud-drop spectra were found to be narrow and the concentration of drops with diameter > 20um is either low or absent on many occasions. In such clouds the rain-formation cannot take place under natural atmospheric conditions due to the absence of collision-coalescence process. A comparison of the model predicted and observed rainfall suggested that the precipitation efficiency in cumulus clouds of small vertical thickness could be as low as 20 per cent.The clouds forming in the Deccan Plateau region during the summer monsoon are, by and large, cumulus and strato-cumulus type. The vertical thickness of the cumulus clouds is in the range of 1.0-2.0 km. The LWC is found to be more in the region between 1.6-1.9 km A. S. L. , which corresponds to the level at almost 3 / 4 th of the total vertical thickness of the cloud and thereafter the LWC sharply decreased. Nearly 98 per cent of the tops of the low clouds in the region are below freezing level and the most frequent range of occurrence of these cloud-tops is in the range of 2.0-3.0 km A. S. L. The dominant physical mechanism of rain-formation in these summer monsoon clouds is the collision-coalescence process.

基于Excel拟合算法的水电站闸坝水位控制

文章根据某水电站闸坝库容、水位以及下泄流量等对应关系,通过Excel软件的多项拟合算法,将离散的数据点拟合成库容-水位、下泄流量-闸门开度连续的曲线关系;结合设计考虑的优化调整闸坝泄洪闸工作闸门规定,当水电站库水位、入库流量及机组负荷调整等情况下,通过Excel逻辑运算模型可以较准确算出闸坝下泄流量和泄洪闸门开度,以此来保证闸坝水位运行在允许范围内。通过Excel多项拟合运算的方式提高了计算的精度,减少了闸门动作频次,提高了操作效率,节约了人力成本,降低了闸坝漫坝和拉空的风险,对于电站闸坝设备设施安全稳定运行有较大意义。

Landslides and Slope Aspect in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on GIS and Information Value Model

Slope aspect is one of the indispensable internal factors besides lithology, relative elevation and slope degree. In this paper authors use information value model with Geo graphical Information System （GIS） technology to study how slope aspect contributes to landslide growth from Yunyang to Wushan segment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and the relationship between aspect and landslide growth is quantified. Through the research on 205 landslides examples, it is found that the slope contributes most whose aspect is towards south,southeast and southwest aspect contribute moderately, and other five aspects contribute little. The research result inosculates preferably with the fact. The result of this paper can provide potent gist to the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir area in future.

Integration of aspect and slope in snowmelt runoff modeling in a mountain watershed

This study assessed the performances of the traditional temperature-index snowmelt runoff model(SRM) and an SRM model with a finer zonation based on aspect and slope(SRM + AS model) in a data-scarce mountain watershed in the Urumqi River Basin,in Northwest China.The proposed SRM + AS model was used to estimate the melt rate with the degree-day factor(DDF) through the division of watershed elevation zones based on aspect and slope.The simulation results of the SRM + AS model were compared with those of the traditional SRM model to identify the improvements of the SRM + AS model's performance with consideration of topographic features of the watershed.The results show that the performance of the SRM + AS model has improved slightly compared to that of the SRM model.The coefficients of determination increased from 0.73,0.69,and 0.79 with the SRM model to 0.76,0.76,and 0.81 with the SRM + AS model during the simulation and validation periods in 2005,2006,and 2007,respectively.The proposed SRM + AS model that considers aspect and slope can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff simulation compared to the traditional SRM model in mountain watersheds in arid regions by proper parameterization,careful input data selection,and data preparation.

Multi-exponential model to describe pressure-dependent P-and S-wave velocities and its use to estimate the crack aspect ratio

We present new quantitative model describing the pressure dependence of acoustic P-and S-wave velocities.Assuming that a variety of individual mechanisms or defects(such as cracks,pore collapse and grain crushing)can contribute to the pressure-dependent change of the wave velocity,we order a characteristic pressure to all of them and allow a series of exponential terms in the description of the(Pand S-waves)velocity-pressure function.We estimate the parameters of the multi-exponential rock physical model in inversion procedures using laboratory measured P-and S-wave velocity data.As is known,the conventional damped least squares method gives acceptable results only when one or two individual mechanisms are assumed.Increasing the number of exponential terms leads to highly nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem.Due to this reason,we develop the spectral inversion method(SIM)in which the velocity amplitudes(the spectral lines in the characteristic pressure spectrum)are only considered as unknowns.The characteristic pressures(belonging to the velocity amplitudes)are excluded from the set of inversion unknowns,instead,they are defined in a set of fixed positions equidistantly distributed in the actual interval of the independent variable(pressure).Through this novel linear inversion method,we estimate the parameters of the multi-exponential rock physical model using laboratory measured P-and S-wave velocity data.The characteristic pressures are related to the closing pressures of cracks which are described by well-known rock mechanical relationships depending on the aspect ratio of elliptical cracks.This gives the possibility to estimate the aspect ratios in terms of the characteristic pressures.

Structural Modeling and Aeroelastic Analysis of High-Aspect-Ratio Composite Wings

A unified structural model for high-aspect-ratio composite wing with arbitrary cross-section is developed. Two types of lay-ups of the composite wing, namely, circumferentially uniform stiffness （CUS） configuration and circumferentially asymmetric stiffness （CAS） configuration, are investigated. The present structural modeling method is validated through ANSYS FEM software for the case of a composite box beam. Then, the case of a single-cell composite wing with NACA0012 airfoil shape is considered. To investigate the aeroelastic problem of high-aspect-ratio composite wings, the linear ONERA aerodynamic model is used to model the unsteady aerodynamic loads under the case of small angle of attack. Finally, flutter speeds of the high-aspect-ratio wing with various composite ply angles are determined by using U-g method.

ArcGIS Model Builder在Excel表坐标点数据转为面文件中的应用

利用常规方法将Excel表中坐标点数据转为面文件时,操作步骤较为繁琐且费时。为此,文章利用ArcGIS 10.2中的Model Builder创建了Excel表坐标点数据转为面文件的模型工具,利用该工具可同时进行多个操作,实现数据处理的自动化、流程化,大大提高工作效率。

Modeling the blast load induced by a close-in explosion considering cylindrical charge parameters

Structural damage is significantly influenced by the various parameters of a close-in explosion.To establish a close-in blast loading model for cylindrical charges according to these parameters,a series of field experiments and a systematic numerical analysis were conducted.A high-fidelity finite element model developed using AUTODYN was first validated using blast data collected from field tests conducted in this and previous studies.A quantitative analysis was then performed to determine the influence of the charge shape,aspect ratio(length to diameter),orientation,and detonation configuration on the characteristics and distributions of the blast loading(incident peak overpressure and impulse)according to scaled distance.The results revealed that the secondary peak overpressure generated by a cylindrical charge was mainly distributed along the axial direction and was smaller than the overpressure generated by an equivalent spherical charge.The effects of charge shape on the blast loading at 45°and 67.5°in the axial plane could be neglected at scaled distances greater than 2 m/kg^(1/3);the effect of aspect ratios greater than 2 on the peak overpressure in the 90°(radial)direction could be neglected at all scaled distances;and double-end detonation increased the radial blast loading by up to 60%compared to singleend detonation.Finally,an empirical cylindrical charge blast loading model was developed considering the influences of charge aspect ratio,orientation,and detonation configuration.The results obtained in this study can serve as a reference for the design of blast tests using cylindrical charges and aid engineers in the design of blast-resistant structures.

Using UML Behavioral Model to Support Aspect Oriented Model

Aspect oriented software development is an emerging paradigm of software development. The notion of this technique is separation of concerns which means to implement each concern in a single object in object oriented programming but still there are concerns which are distributed on different objects and are called crosscutting concerns while another form is Core concerns are the core functionality provided by the system but crosscutting concerns are the concerns like logging, performance etc. Modeling of aspect oriented software is different from the normal modeling of object-oriented or procedural language software, because aspects don’t have the independent identity or existence and they are tightly coupled to their woven context so it is difficult to model them. The one aim of our research paper is to explore the domain of Modeling of the aspect-oriented software. The goal of this research paper is to give a UML Behavioral modeling techniques in the domain of aspect oriented software development. This technique of generating UML Behavioral Model for aspects will give better understating of separations concerns.

An Aspect-Oriented Approach for Use Case Based Modeling of Software Product Lines

Software Product Line Development advocates software reuse by modeling common and variable artefacts separately across members of a family of products. Aspect-Oriented Software Development aims at separation of concerns with “aspects” to increase modularity, reusability, maintainability and ease of evolution. In this paper, we apply an as-pect-oriented use case modeling approach to product line system modeling. A use case specification captures stake-holders concerns as interactions between a system and its actors. We adapt our previous work with the introduction of a “variability” relationship for the expression of variabilities. This relationship is used to model variable and common behaviours across a family of products as use cases. A variability composition mechanism enables building of executa-ble behaviour models for each member of a product line family by integrating common elements with the applicable variable elements.

An Embedded Software Modeling and Process by Using Aspect-Oriented Approach

In recent years, mobile devices have become widespread and refined, and they have offered increased convenience in human life. For these reasons, a variety of embedded systems have been designed. Therefore, improving methods for developing of embedded software systematically has become an important issue. Platform-based design is one example of an embedded-system design method that can reduce the design cost via improving a design’s abstraction level. However, platform-based design lacks precise definitions for platforms and design processes. This paper provides an approach that combines the aspects and platform-based design methods for developing embedded software. The approach is built on platform-based design methodology and uses the separating of concerns (SoC) concept to define the aspects and to reduce the crosscutting concerns in embedded system modeling. For aspect issues, we use the extended UML notation with aspects to describe both the static structure and the dynamic structure of the embedded system. We used an example of a digital photo frame system to demonstrate our approach.

Excel软件在生物药剂学与药物动力学案例教学中的应用

地方高校药学专业人才培养应以实际应用为导向,以综合素养和应用知识与能力的提高为核心,以培养应用技术型人才为目标。目标达成需在教学内容方面体现理论与实际应用相结合,突出案例分析和实践研究。教学团队在生物药剂学与药物动力学课程案例教学中应用Excel“规划求解”功能,实现不同给药方式隔室模型参数的快速求解,探索这一功能在隔室模型判断中的深度应用。该功能可充分调动学生对于药物动力学学习的积极性与主动性,帮助学生对药动学隔室模型理论的理解及消化,帮助学生思维拓展,达到良好教学效果。

多模态方面级情感分析的多视图交互学习网络

以往的多模态方面级情感分析方法只利用预训练模型的一般文本和图片表示,对方面和观点词相关性的识别不敏感,且不能动态获取图片信息对单词表示的贡献,因而不能充分识别多模态与方面之间的相关性。针对上述问题,提出一种多视图交互学习网络模型。将句子从上下文和句法两个视图上分别提取特征,以便在多模态交互时充分利用到文本的全局特征;对文本、图片和方面之间的关系进行建模,使模型实现多模态交互;同时融合不同模态的交互表示,动态获取视觉信息对文本中每个单词的贡献程度,充分提取模态与方面之间的相关性。最后通过全连接层和Softmax层获取情感分类结果。在两个数据集上进行实验,实验结果表明该模型能够有效增强多模态方面级情感分类的效果。

指向卓越教师的地方高校“以赛赋能、以赛育人”人才培养模式构建与探索——以绍兴文理学院英语专业为例

“以赛育人”的人才培养模式已成为当前应用型地方高校培养未来卓越英语教师的有效途径。通过“以赛育人”,可以转变教师教育培养模式,激发英语师范生的学习兴趣,提高人才培养质量;提升专业教师指导学科竞赛的能力,促进双师双能型教师的发展;推动课堂教学改革,增强人才竞争力。为实现“以赛育人”人才培养模式,需要完善育人机制,营造学科竞赛文化氛围;改革课堂教学,加强课程建设,夯实“以赛育人”基础;丰富实践育人形式,提高学生英语学科竞赛能力和教育教学能力,从而实现以学科竞赛为载体,提升地方高校指向卓越英语教师的英语师范专业人才培养质量。

融合情感增强与句法特征的卷烟消费者评价方面级情感分析

为了解消费者对卷烟产品不同属性的情感信息,帮助烟草企业了解消费者评价及情感倾向,指导产品开发和市场营销决策,该文利用爬虫采集2010—2022年共18205条卷烟消费者评价数据,基于预训练模型(BERT)和双向长短时记忆网络(Bi-LSTM)对文本进行特征提取,结合句法依赖树获取语义间关系,建立融合情感增强和句法特征的方面级情感分类模型BAGCN,将BAGCN模型的分类结果与其他4种方法进行对比。结果显示,BAGCN模型在方面级情感分类效果最优,准确率和F1值达到79.49%和75.26%,BAGCN的各模块对最终的分类效果均有贡献。通过方面级情感分析发现,消费者更关注卷烟产品的价格和口感属性,对价格方面的评价多为消极情感,而口感方面的情感分布较为均衡,消费者对外观和品控方面的评价相对积极。

急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后不良预警模型构建

目的:对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)静脉溶栓的预后不良影响因素进行分析,构建其不良预警模型为其并发症防治提供依据。方法:收集256例AIS患者,4.5 h内均行静脉溶栓及用药后1 h内进行DWI检查,治疗3个月后按MRS评分结果分为82例预后不良组(>2分)和174例预后良好组(≤2分),采用Logistic回归分析预后不良影响因素,构建其预警模型及使用ROC曲线分析模型预测效能。结果:低DWI-ASPECTS和高NIHSS评分均是预后不良的危险因素(P=0.01)。ROC曲线显示,当NIHSS≥5分、DWI-ASPECTS<8分、NIHSS≥5分且DWI-ASPECTS<8分时,对静脉溶栓预后不良预测灵敏度、特异度、阳性率及阴性率分别为92%、47%、45%、92%,79%、80%、65%、89%,93%、73%、69%、94%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:AIS静脉溶栓预后不良危险因素是高基线NIHSS评分和低基线DWI-ASPECTS评分,联合构建其预后不良预警模型有助于防治静脉溶栓后并发症。

大跨度铁路桥附属构件对不同宽高比矩形断面涡振性能的影响

在已建成的大跨度鳊鱼洲长江大桥原设计宽高比为6.7∶1的四线铁路桥矩形箱型主梁断面的基础上,通过调整断面宽高比,设计宽高比为4∶1的二线铁路和宽高比为9∶1的六线铁路桥矩形箱梁断面。通过节段模型风洞试验,在0°,±3°和±5°风攻角的均匀来流下,对以上3种常用二线、四线和六线铁路桥矩形箱梁断面与对应相同宽高比纯矩形断面之间的涡振特性关系,以及铁路桥附属构件对不同宽高比矩形断面涡振性能的影响进行研究。结果表明:在宽高比分别为4∶1和6.7∶1的矩形断面上布置铁路桥附属构件能增大断面在负风攻角下的涡振振幅,在-5°风攻角下竖向涡振振幅增大率高达277.5%,但对正风攻角下的涡振响应起到一定的抑制作用,而在宽高比为9∶1的矩形断面布置六线铁路桥附属构件则能明显增大该断面在各风攻角下的涡振振幅,其扭转涡振振幅增大率均在48.3%以上;铁路桥附属构件对矩形断面涡振性能的降低作用随着断面宽高比的增大而提升,针对气动外形较钝的二线和四线铁路桥箱梁,可参考相似宽高比矩形断面涡振特性,并重点考察箱梁在负风攻角下的涡振响应,而针对宽高比较大的六线铁路桥箱梁,由于附属构件影响较大,参考相似宽高比矩形断面涡振特性的意义较小,均应详细研究其在各风攻角下的涡振性能。

地方高校卓越音乐教师培养路径探索——基于绍兴文理学院的实践分析

师范类专业认证作为国家级认证标准,为卓越音乐教师的培养指明了路向。卓越音乐教师的培养规格可参照师范类专业认证三级标准与核心素养5C模型,结合我国教师教育课程现状与行业需求调研结果,顺应新时代基础音乐教育高质量发展要求,树立“育人为本、实践导向、终身学习”的核心理念,使师范生在综合育人实践中感知卓越音乐教师的培养目标。绍兴文理学院音乐学师范专业以合唱教学为切入口,构建了创作与表演结合、国际化与本土化结合、以“合唱演学创一体化”为特征的音乐专业教学模式,实现教学、展演、创作的一体化,为师范类专业认证背景下卓越音乐教师的培养探索出新的现实路径。

融合双通道的语义信息的方面级情感分析

针对方面级情感分析任务中语义信息难以提取以及方面词信息难以和上下文信息相关联的问题,提出一种融合双通道的语义信息模型(FDCS)。通过BERT预训练模型搭建两个通道获取不同层次的语义信息,一个是全局信息通道,另一个是句子信息通道;使用语义注意力融合双通道中不同层次的语义信息,将融合后的语义信息再次分别融入全局信息和句子信息;根据每个通道语义信息的不同分别提取相应的特征信息。在3个基准数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型的性能优于其它模型。