A consensus is still to be reached regarding the relationship between trade, growth, and the environment in either the existing theoretical models or previous empirical analyses. By using a Sino-Korean case study, we ...A consensus is still to be reached regarding the relationship between trade, growth, and the environment in either the existing theoretical models or previous empirical analyses. By using a Sino-Korean case study, we expect this work to contribute to the theoretical and empirical knowledge of the relationship between trade, growth and the environment. In this paper, four types of simulation are executed by applying a Sino-Korea CGE model. The results reveal that an increasing volume of bilateral trade boosts the real GDP at a decreasing rate. Different degrees in the volume of increase of bilateral trade produce welfare gains for Chinese households, i.e. more household spending. Welfare increases at a decreasing rate when the degree of bilateral trade growth increases less stringently, while in Korea there are welfare losses （less household consumption） when the bilateral trade target becomes increasingly stringent. Moreover, the investment gains in the economy tend to rise more sharply as the degree of bilateral trade growth increases less stringently in China. The investment tends to decrease at a proportional rate when the target bilateral trade volume becomes more stringent and the changes in the gross investment become more significant in Korea. In addition, the aggregate production shows a tendency to increase at a proportional rate with a more stringent target bilateral trade volume and when there are considerable changes in gross production. Furthermore, the impact of most production sectors can benefit China, but have a negative impact on Korea. Meantime, the simulations highlight that import growth increases carbon emissions at a decreasing rate, and export growth increases carbon emissions. According to our policy findings, policy makers should be advised to consider the third trade policy （Scenario c）, which maintains a reasonable economic growth but at the expense of investment and welfare.展开更多
The worldwide tremor of environmental degradation commonly represents the escalation of emissions levels and ecological footprints that harm the planet’s biocapacity.This is because of using gigantic non-renewable en...The worldwide tremor of environmental degradation commonly represents the escalation of emissions levels and ecological footprints that harm the planet’s biocapacity.This is because of using gigantic non-renewable energy resources,urbanization stream and massive economic activities in the major industrialized nations.Amid this situation,we investigate the influence of disaggregated energy measures,e.g.,renewable,and nuclear energy,income growth and urbanization on the load capacity factor(biocapacity divided by the ecological footprint)of major nuclear power countries,such as France,the USA,Canada,China,and Russia during 1990-2021.To this end,we utilize the CS-ARDL procedure because of the endogeneity,common correlation,non-stationarity in data and heterogeneity in panel units.We contribute to considering the supply side dynamic of environmental degradation parameter,the load capacity,from the perspective of the top nuclear power nations that deviates our analysis from the prevailing scholarly works.However,our findings confirm a significantly positive impact of renewable and nuclear energy on the load capacity factor in improving environmental safety.Besides,economic growth and urbanization negatively affect the load capacity dynamics in spurring environmental degradation.Our findings are robust across an alternative estimation technique,namely the Dumitrescu and Hurlin(DH)causation analysis.Therefore,we recommend formulating pragmatic policies to deter the detrimental effects of income and urbanization by properly utilizing sustainable energy resources to conserve the natural environment.展开更多
China is in an industrialization and urbanization phase, and yet faces the conflict between relatively deficient resources per capita and low utilization efficiency; the conflict between the lowering levels of fertili...China is in an industrialization and urbanization phase, and yet faces the conflict between relatively deficient resources per capita and low utilization efficiency; the conflict between the lowering levels of fertility and strong population momentum; and the conflict between environmental degradation and unsustainable economic growth. It would be a great contribution to humanity to achieve sustainable development in the course of the rapid modernization taking place in China - the developing country with 22 percent of the population of the world.展开更多
文摘A consensus is still to be reached regarding the relationship between trade, growth, and the environment in either the existing theoretical models or previous empirical analyses. By using a Sino-Korean case study, we expect this work to contribute to the theoretical and empirical knowledge of the relationship between trade, growth and the environment. In this paper, four types of simulation are executed by applying a Sino-Korea CGE model. The results reveal that an increasing volume of bilateral trade boosts the real GDP at a decreasing rate. Different degrees in the volume of increase of bilateral trade produce welfare gains for Chinese households, i.e. more household spending. Welfare increases at a decreasing rate when the degree of bilateral trade growth increases less stringently, while in Korea there are welfare losses （less household consumption） when the bilateral trade target becomes increasingly stringent. Moreover, the investment gains in the economy tend to rise more sharply as the degree of bilateral trade growth increases less stringently in China. The investment tends to decrease at a proportional rate when the target bilateral trade volume becomes more stringent and the changes in the gross investment become more significant in Korea. In addition, the aggregate production shows a tendency to increase at a proportional rate with a more stringent target bilateral trade volume and when there are considerable changes in gross production. Furthermore, the impact of most production sectors can benefit China, but have a negative impact on Korea. Meantime, the simulations highlight that import growth increases carbon emissions at a decreasing rate, and export growth increases carbon emissions. According to our policy findings, policy makers should be advised to consider the third trade policy （Scenario c）, which maintains a reasonable economic growth but at the expense of investment and welfare.
文摘The worldwide tremor of environmental degradation commonly represents the escalation of emissions levels and ecological footprints that harm the planet’s biocapacity.This is because of using gigantic non-renewable energy resources,urbanization stream and massive economic activities in the major industrialized nations.Amid this situation,we investigate the influence of disaggregated energy measures,e.g.,renewable,and nuclear energy,income growth and urbanization on the load capacity factor(biocapacity divided by the ecological footprint)of major nuclear power countries,such as France,the USA,Canada,China,and Russia during 1990-2021.To this end,we utilize the CS-ARDL procedure because of the endogeneity,common correlation,non-stationarity in data and heterogeneity in panel units.We contribute to considering the supply side dynamic of environmental degradation parameter,the load capacity,from the perspective of the top nuclear power nations that deviates our analysis from the prevailing scholarly works.However,our findings confirm a significantly positive impact of renewable and nuclear energy on the load capacity factor in improving environmental safety.Besides,economic growth and urbanization negatively affect the load capacity dynamics in spurring environmental degradation.Our findings are robust across an alternative estimation technique,namely the Dumitrescu and Hurlin(DH)causation analysis.Therefore,we recommend formulating pragmatic policies to deter the detrimental effects of income and urbanization by properly utilizing sustainable energy resources to conserve the natural environment.
文摘China is in an industrialization and urbanization phase, and yet faces the conflict between relatively deficient resources per capita and low utilization efficiency; the conflict between the lowering levels of fertility and strong population momentum; and the conflict between environmental degradation and unsustainable economic growth. It would be a great contribution to humanity to achieve sustainable development in the course of the rapid modernization taking place in China - the developing country with 22 percent of the population of the world.
