A NEW DERIVATIVE FREE OPTIMIZATION METHOD BASED ON CONIC INTERPOLATION MODEL

In this paper, a new derivative free trust region method is developed based on the conic interpolation model for the unconstrained optimization. The conic interpolation model is built by means of the quadratic model function, the collinear scaling formula, quadratic approximation and interpolation. All the parameters in this model are determined by objective function interpolation condition. A new derivative free method is developed based upon this model and the global convergence of this new method is proved without any information on gradient.

Accurate Evaluation of Free-form Surface Profile Error Based on Quasi Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Surface Subdivision

Although significant progress has been made in precision machining of free-form surfaces recently, inspection of such surfaces remains a difficult problem. In order to solve the problem that no specific standards for the verification of free-form surface profile are available, the profile parameters of free-form surface are proposed by referring to ISO standards regarding form tolerances and considering its complexity and non-rotational symmetry. Non-uniform rational basis spline（NURBS） for describing free-form surface is formulated. Crucial issues in surface inspection and profile error verification are localization between the design coordinate system（DCS） and measurement coordinate system（MCS） for searching the closest points on the design model corresponding to measured points. A quasi particle swarm optimization（QPSO） is proposed to search the transformation parameters to implement localization between DCS and MCS. Surface subdivide method which does the searching in a recursively reduced range of the parameters u and v of the NURBS design model is developed to find the closest points. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the design model is generated by NURBS and the measurement data of simulation example are generated by transforming the design model to arbitrary position and orientation, and the parts are machined based on the design model and are measured on CMM. The profile errors of simulation example and actual parts are calculated by the proposed method. The results verify that the evaluation precision of freeform surface profile error by the proposed method is higher 10%-22% than that by CMM software. The proposed method deals with the hard problem that it has a lower precision in profile error evaluation of free-form surface.

Topology optimization using the improved element-free Galerkin method for elasticity

The improved element-free Galerkin （IEFG） method of elasticity is used to solve the topology optimization problems. In this method, the improved moving least-squares approximation is used to form the shape function. In a topology opti- mization process, the entire structure volume is considered as the constraint. From the solid isotropic microstructures with penalization, we select relative node density as a design variable. Then we choose the minimization of compliance to be an objective function, and compute its sensitivity with the adjoint method. The IEFG method in this paper can overcome the disadvantages of the singular matrices that sometimes appear in conventional element-free Galerkin （EFG） method. The central processing unit （CPU） time of each example is given to show that the IEFG method is more efficient than the EFG method under the same precision, and the advantage that the IEFG method does not form singular matrices is also shown.

A Derivative-Free Optimization Algorithm Using Sparse Grid Integration

We present a new derivative-free optimization algorithm based on the sparse grid numerical integration. The algorithm applies to a smooth nonlinear objective function where calculating its gradient is impossible and evaluating its value is also very expensive. The new algorithm has: 1) a unique starting point strategy;2) an effective global search heuristic;and 3) consistent local convergence. These are achieved through a uniform use of sparse grid numerical integration. Numerical experiment result indicates that the algorithm is accurate and efficient, and benchmarks favourably against several state-of-art derivative free algorithms.

Speed profile optimization of catenary-free electric trains with lithium-ion batteries

Catenary-free operated electric trains, as one of the recent technologies in railway transportation, has opened a new field of research: speed profile optimization and energy optimal operation of catenary-free operated electric trains. A well-formulated solution for this problem should consider the characteristics of the energy storage device using validated models and methods. This paper discusses the consideration of the lithium-ion battery behavior in the problem of speed profile optimization of catenary-free operated electric trains. We combine the single mass point train model with an electrical battery model and apply a dynamic programming approach to minimize the charge taken from the battery during the catenary-free operation. The models and the method are validated and evaluated against experimental data gathered from the test runs of an actual battery-driven train tested in Essex, UK. The results show a significant potential in energy saving. Moreover, we show that the optimum speed profiles generated using our approach consume less charge from the battery compared to the previous approaches.

Shape Optimization for A Conventional Underwater Glider to Decrease Average Periodic Resistance

As a type of autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV),underwater gliders(UG)are getting increasing attention in ocean exploration.To save energy and satisfy the mission requirements of a longer voyage,shape optimization for UGs has become a key technique and research focus.In this paper,a conventional UG,including its fuselage and hydrofoil,is optimized,which aims to decrease the average resistance in one motion cycle.To operate the optimization progress for the complex object,multiple free form deformation(FFD)volumes are established for geometric parameterization.High-fidelity simulation models are employed for objective function evaluation and gradients calculation.And sequential quadratic programming(SQP)method is adopted as an optimization algorithm.The optimization results show that there exists a UG with symmetrical and non-horizontal hydrofoils that has lower resistance.

A Filter-Based Pattern Search Method for Unconstrained Optimization

We discuss a filter-based pattern search method for unconstrained optimization in this paper. For the purpose to broaden the search range we use both filter technique and frames, which are fragments of grids, to provide a new criterion of iterate acceptance. The convergence can be ensured under some conditions. The numerical result shows that this method is practical and efficient.

An Environment Friendly, Low-Cost Extraction Process of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Byproducts. Optimization by Multi-Response Surface Methodology

Due to their beneficial effects on human health, phenolic compounds are increasingly attracting the attention of scientists and researchers all over the world. The main interest is in the extraction process of those natural plant-originated compounds from fruits, vegetables and plant wastes, namely grape wastes, in which phenolic compounds are the most abundant secondary metabolites. This waste exploitation not only re-assimilates those byproducts into the food cycle, but also avoids major environmental problems. Herein, the optimization of the phenolic compounds concentration and free radical scavenging activity from Cabernet Sauvignon grape byproducts was conducted, using multi-response surface methodology. A conventional solid-liquid extraction process was performed with pure water as a solvent to study the effects of both time and temperature on the procedure. The maximal phenolic compounds concentration (878.9 mg/L) was reached at 47℃ after 30 hours while the optimal free radical scavenging activity (41.15%) was obtained at 30℃ after 20 hours. A multi-response surface methodology compromised between the quantity and the quality of the extracted phenolics, and the parameters maximizing both responses were obtained at 37℃ and 28 hours. This low-cost and energy saving process provides an excellent tool for further industrial applications.

Optimal control of nonholonomic motion planning for a free-falling cat

The nonholonomic motion planning of a free-falling cat is investigated. Nonholonomicity arises in a free-falling cat subject to nonintegrable angle velocity constraints or nonintegrable conservation laws. When the total angular momentum is zero, the motion equation of a free-falling cat is established based on the model of two symmetric rigid bodies and conservation of angular momentum. The control of system can be converted to the problem of nonholonomic motion planning for a free-falling cat. Based on Ritz approximation theory, the Gauss-Newton method for motion planning by a falling cat is proposed. The effectiveness of the numerical algorithm is demonstrated through simulation on model of a free-falling cat.

甘蔗健康种苗双芽段槽带式种植机排种性能优化研究

甘蔗健康种苗种植技术是提高单产水平和品质、降低生产成本的有效措施之一,而目前国内甘蔗种植装备不成熟,直接限制了这一技术的推广和应用。为此,以有序排列的甘蔗健康种苗双芽段蔗种为研究对象,对团队研发的2CZD-2A型半自动双芽甘蔗种植机排种性能进行优化,设计了高频电磁振动自动喂入器与仿形排种同步驱动器。利用Solid Edge ST5三维软件建模进行仿真分析,建立试验台进行多因素正交组合试验,采集数据并利用SPSS进行处理建立回归方程,运用Design Expert绘制响应曲面,分析因素之间交互作用,利用MatLab进行参数优化,最终进行田间试验验证。研究结果表明:同步驱动机构增加了排种均匀度,当带轮转速为10r/s、振动幅度为18.5mm、行进速度为0.65m/s时,排种均匀度达到94.18%,与优化结果偏差小于5%,满足设计要求;高频振动与动力源振动无干涉,验证了振动器梳理方案的可行性,可为全自动种植机的研发提供参考。

基于遗传算法的自由曲面单层空间结构网格参数化自动生成及方向优化

自由曲面空间网格结构的力学性能和网格方向之间的联系复杂,难以快速直接地找到最优方向,若对结构网格方向进行多角度建模分析,则存在工作量大且准确性不易保证等问题。为了快速确定自由曲面空间网格结构的最优网格方向,提出一种基于遗传算法的自由曲面空间结构网格方向优化方法,以结构网格方向为优化变量,结合参数化建模软件Grasshopper和有限元分析软件SAP2000实现参数化分析,以结构应变能和结构最大位移两项力学指标作为优化目标,通过最小化目标函数实现结构网格方向优化。通过参数化编程,可实现快速自动优化,并结合工程案例,应用自动优化方法进行网格优化。结果表明:基于遗传算法的自由曲面空间结构网格方向自动优化法具有实用性和高效性,具有较高的工程应用价值。

基于元启发式优化的机器人智能体无碰撞轨迹规划

针对机器人智能体在复杂三维环境中的安全运动,提出一种基于元启发式优化的无碰撞轨迹规划方案。轨迹点采用五次样条插值,以确保运动轨迹足够平滑,且起始点和目标点的速度与加速度均为零。以轨迹长度最短为优化目标,将轨迹与障碍物的最近距离限制在约束条件中,从而表述为一个优化问题,并采用基于元启发式的灰狼算法进行求解。随后,在复杂的三维地形中对该方案开展2个模拟仿真。结果表明:该方案能够有效地在规划空间内求解出预定数目的最优轨迹插值点,通过五次样条插值形成的轨迹长度达到最短,且不与障碍物发生任何碰撞。

模拟退火遗传算法在自由曲面数控加工中的实验

在自由曲面的加工中,一直面临着加工时间长的问题,本研究以提高加工效率为目的,通过分析待加工自由曲面的面曲率、残余高度等参数,计算出合理的加工步长和行距,并以此为依据将待加工曲面离散成点云即为刀触点。将刀具路径规划问题转化为求解TSP问题的最优解,为避免遗传算法早熟陷入局部最优解,引入了模拟退火算法进行改进,使用改进后的混合算法进行刀具路径寻优。对优化方法进行了仿真加工、实验加工及测量,结果表明优化方法相比传统方法刀路长度最多减少303.4mm,相对缩短了12.3%,加工效率提升较为明显,并且加工表面也取得了较好的加工效果。

基于智能优化算法的高频变压器电磁结构优化设计

高频变压器(HFT)作为电力电子变换器等功率变换装备的核心部件,其优化设计是实现高功率密度、高效率和高可靠性的重要环节。为有效解决高频条件下显著的涡流效应和复杂紧凑的结构使变压器损耗难以准确计算、针对绝缘设计裕量不足的问题,本文提出计及高频效应和结构效应的电磁场建模方法,构建了高频变压器多目标协同优化设计方案。首先建立了低成本与高效率兼备的磁心损耗计算模型。其次,根据面积等效原理推导了考虑绕组结构效应的近似Dowell模型,实现绕组损耗的高精度计算。然后提出了考虑绕组端部效应和频率影响的漏感计算模型,减小漏感对于结构和频率的依赖性。在此基础上,采用一种新型多重绝缘结构,提高绕组间的绝缘耐压水平。最后,基于改进的非支配排序遗传算法(INSGA-Ⅱ)和自由参数扫描法建立了高频变压器的优化设计流程,根据筛选的最优设计方案研制了一台高频变压器样机。

双作用液环压缩机壳体型线响应面分析及多目标优化

为探究双作用液环压缩机壳体型线对其内流场及性能的影响机理,采用DFFD参数化方法对多级双作用液环压缩机椭圆形壳体型线进行响应面优化分析,并结合NSGA-II多目标优化方法对吸排气区壳体型线进行协同优化。采用VOF多相流模型对该液环压缩机全流域进行非定常计算,双作用液环泵内相态场、压力场基本呈径向对称分布,吸排气区域及叶轮壳体内流场与单作用液环泵分布规律基本一致,随着级数增大液环内的气相区域逐渐减小。响应面结果表明吸气量的大小主要取决于吸气口始端和末端的壳体型线,当R_(A)值趋于0水平,R_(B)处于低水平时,吸气量趋于最大值。轴功率主要受吸、排气口始端位置壳体型线影响,R_(A),R_(C)值越小,轴功率越小。效率的大小主要取决于吸气口始端和末端的壳体型线,且R_(A)值越大,R_(B)值越小,效率越高。在额定出口压比条件下,以吸气量和效率作为优化目标对液环压缩机进行NSGA-II多目标优化,获得其Pareto前沿的最优效率设计J和和最优流量设计K,J方案流量和效率分别高于原方案1.40%和2.53%,K方案流量和效率分别高于原方案16.4%和0.61%。

基于优化奇偶重构法的光伏阵列自适应重构技术设计

对于光伏阵列而言,阴影遮挡和阵列损坏会导致其输出功率降低。为了提升光伏阵列的输出功率,提出了一种优化的奇偶重构方法(Optimized Odd Even Configuration,OOEC),纠正了奇偶重构法(Odd Even Configuration,OEC)在局部阴影超过4列时,重构效果差的缺点。所提出的方法将光伏阵列分为自由重构模块和固定重构模块,根据不同的阴影情况调整连接方式,确定最佳的连接关系,并与Arrow So Du ku,Zig-zag,OEC三种方法进行仿真实验对比,仿真结果表明,经过OOEC重构后的光伏阵列输出功率明显提高,光伏阵列的PU输出特性曲线更加趋向于单峰,并且从失配损耗,功率提升百分比,性能比,均衡指数上看来,OOEC有着更好的性能。

高流速、大流量无压洞掺气设施体形优化模型试验研究

高水头、大流量、高流速的泄水建筑物,往往需要设置掺气设施来降低空蚀破坏。结合新疆某水利枢纽工程实例,通过开展泄洪冲沙洞水工模型试验研究,对1号、2号掺气设施挑坎高度、通气孔面积、坡比及型式进行优化设计。结果表明:体形优化后,在各种工况下,掺气设施掺气效果良好,掺气空腔完整而稳定,坎下未出现较大回水等不利流态;通气孔通气顺畅,整体水流流态平顺,无水翅溅到洞顶等不利现象;沿程余幅均满足要求;过流能力和流量系数基本与原设计一致。研究结果可为类似工程的掺气设施体形研究提供指导与技术支撑。

缓凝型水泥浆液配合比优化及锚孔浆岩界面特性影响研究

针对预应力锚杆后张法施工中自由段浆液流动性和缓凝效果差的工程难题,提出使用标准型聚羧酸减水剂作为掺加剂以实现水泥浆液缓凝并提高其工作性能,探究其对锚孔浆岩界面特性的影响。采用室内试验、SEM电镜扫描等手段,结合Matlab多目标优化等方法,对掺加减水剂的缓凝型水泥浆液的锚固性能及配合比优化展开研究,得出适用于预应力锚杆自由段的注浆材料及其最优配合比,并与现行规范推荐配合比进行锚孔横断面结石特性对比试验。研究结果表明:1)随着水灰比增大,水泥浆液的流动度和凝结时间增大,体积结石率和抗压强度减小;随着减水剂掺量的增大,水泥浆液的流动度和凝结时间增大,体积结石率减小,减水剂对浆液抗压强度影响较小;2)未掺加减水剂时,浆液结石体致密性随着水灰比的增大而降低,掺加减水剂使得浆液结石体表面局部存在相对较大尺度的孔或孔隙,对宏观结石体强度有一定影响;3)通过Matlab多目标优化方法推荐了缓凝型水泥浆液最优配合比为水灰比0.3,减水剂掺量1.85%,相关性能参数符合规范要求,且流动度与抗压强度较规范推荐配合比分别提升了72.3%和107%;4)浸水围岩会弱化浆岩界面的抗剪强度,因此在锚杆灌浆过程中保证横断面结石率有利于提高浆岩界面的抗剪强度,本文提出的最优配合比浆液抗剪强度优于规范推荐配合比浆液。

ABS无磷、无糖接枝聚合反应过程优化研究

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)接枝聚合使用由甲醛次硫酸钠(SFS)、乙二胺四乙酸四钠(EDTA-4Na)和硫酸亚铁(FES)组成的还原剂时,氧化剂、还原剂以及接枝单体的不同加入方式对反应速率和接枝过程都有较大影响。采用“预补/全程连续”方式加入还原剂,连续滴加方式加入氧化剂和接枝单体,能够实现对整个反应阶段引发剂分解产生自由基的速率的精准调控,改善接枝效果,提升粉料的增韧效率。

宇航级自由活塞斯特林发电机回热器优化设计

为提升一台宇航级自由活塞斯特林发电机(FPSG)回热器性能,提出了一种基于响应面法的回热器优化方法。基于Sage平台构建了FPSG仿真模型,研究了回热器长度、孔隙率、丝径对FPSG输出PV功与热功转换效率的影响,得到了回热器的优化参数。结果显示:FPSG输出PV功随回热器长度、孔隙率、丝径的增大而减小;热功转换效率随回热器长度的增大而缓慢增大,随孔隙率的增大而先增大后减小,随丝径的增大而减小;优化后回热器长度为40 mm,孔隙率为85%,丝径为30μm;经实验验证,FPSG输出PV功提升16.9%,热功转换效率提升12.9%。