Synergistic combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulates morpho-physiological characteristics and soil structure in Nitraria tangutorum bobr.Under saline soil conditions

Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,a typical xero-halophyte,can be used for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semiarid regions affected by salinity.However,global climate change and unreasonable human activity have exacerbated salinization in arid and semi-arid regions,which in turn has led to the growth inhibition of halophytes,including N.tangutorum.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have the potential to improve the salt tolerance of plants and their adaptation to saline soil environments.In this study,the effects of single and combined inoculations of AMF(Glomus mosseae)and PGPR(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42)on N.tangutorum were evaluated in severe saline soil conditions.The results indicate that AMF and PGPR alone may not adapt well to the real soil environment,and cannot ensure the effect of either growth promotion or salt-tolerance induction on N.tangutorum seedlings.However,the combination of AMF and PGPR significantly promoted mycorrhizal colonization,increased biomass accumulation,improved morphological development,enhanced photosynthetic performance,stomatal adjustment ability,and the exchange of water and gas.Co-inoculation also significantly counteracted the adverse effect of salinity on the soil structure of N.tangutorum seedlings.It is concluded that the effectiveness of microbial inoculation on the salt tolerance of N.tangutorum seedlings depends on the functional compatibility between plants and microorganisms as well as the specific combinations of AMF and PGPR.

Modeling curve dynamics and spatial geometry characteristics of rice leaves

The objective of this work was to develop a dynamic model for describing leaf curves and a the rice leaf （including sub-models for unexpanded leaf blades, expanded leaf blades, and dimensional （3D） dynamic visualization of rice leaves by combining relevant models detailed spatial geometry model of leaf sheaths）, and to realize three- Based on the experimental data of different cultivars and nitrogen （N） rates, the time-course spatial data of leaf curves on the main stem were collected during the rice development stage, then a dynamic model of the rice leaf curve was developed using quantitative modeling technology. Further, a detailed 3D geometric model of rice leaves was built based on the spatial geometry technique and the non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） method. Validating the rice leaf curve model with independent field experiment data showed that the average distances between observed and predicted curves were less than 0.89 and 1.20 cm at the tilling and jointing stages, respectively. The proposed leaf curve model and leaf spatial geometry model together with the relevant previous models were used to simulate the spatial morphology and the color dynamics of a single leaf and of leaves on the rice plant after different growing days by 3D visualization technology. The validation of the leaf curve model and the results of leaf 3D visualization indicated that our leaf curve model and leaf spatial geometry model could efficiently predict the dynamics of rice leaf spatial morphology during leaf development stages. These results provide a technical support for related research on virtual rice.

Plant Type and Its Effects on Canopy Structure at Heading Stage in Various Ecological Areas for a Two-line Hybrid Rice Combination,Liangyoupeijiu

A two-line hybrid rice combination, Liangyoupeijiu, was used to estimate several factors of plant type, and environmental models for these factors at the heading stage were established using the data of eight ecological experimental sites in 2006 and 2007. According to climatic data from 1951 to 2005, the differences in those factors and their effects on plant canopy were analyzed for four rice cropping areas in China, including South China, the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Basin, and river valley in Yunnan, China. The thickness of leaf layer （the distance from pulvinus of the third leaf from the top to the tip of flag leaf） and distribution of leaf area could be used as candidate indices for the plant type of a rice canopy.

Numerical simulation and experimental validation on fabrication of nickel-based superalloy Kagome lattice sandwich structures

Nickel-based superalloy lattice sandwich structures present higher stiffness,higher strength and higher temperature resistance in comparison with other metals.In this study,the Kagome unit was adopted to design the lattice sandwich structure and ProCAST software was used to simulate the filling and solidification processes of the nickel-based superalloy.Grain morphology and sizes of the nickel-based superalloy lattice sandwich structures were simulated by using of cellular automaton coupled with finite element model(CAFE),and indirect additive manufacture combining with investment casting were carried out to fabricate the nickel-based superalloy lattice sandwich structures.The calculated grain morphology and sizes are in good agreement with the experimental results.The grains are mainly equiaxed with an average size of about 500µm.The simulated results also show that the superheat of melting and the mold preheated temperature have significant influence on the grain size of the Kagome lattice sandwich structures,lower superheat of melting and mold preheated temperatures are encouraged to obtain the fine grains while assuring the integrity of the Kagome lattice sandwich structures for industrial application.

Effect of Modeling Range on Structural Analysis for Powerhouse of Hydroelectric Power Plant by FEM

In this paper,three different modeling ranges were selected in the structural analysis for a hydropower house.The analysis was carried out using ABAQUS 6.6.The modeling range has a remarkable effect on finite element method(FEM) calculation result at the middle position of typical cross-sections where the concrete is relatively thin,and at the region close to turbine floor.If the ventilation barrel,floor slabs and columns above turbine floor are excluded from FEM model,the maximum rise difference of pedestal structure increases by about 24% compared with that of the whole model.It is indicated that different modeling ranges indeed affect FEM calculation result,and the structure above turbine floor in the FEM model should be included.

Lotus Leaf‑Derived Gradient Hierarchical Porous C/MoS2 Morphology Genetic Composites with Wideband and Tunable Electromagnetic Absorption Performance

Inspired by the nature,lotus leaf-derived gradient hierarchical porous C/MoS2 morphology genetic composites(GHPCM)were successfully fabricated through an in situ strategy.The biological microstructure of lotus leaf was well preserved after treatment.Different pores with gradient pore sizes ranging from 300 to 5μm were hierarchically distributed in the composites.In addition,the surface states of lotus leaf resulted in the Janus-like morphologies of MoS2.The GHPCM exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance,with the minimum reflection loss of−50.1 dB at a thickness of 2.4 mm and the maximum effective bandwidth of 6.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.2 mm.The outstanding performance could be attributed to the synergy of conductive loss,polarization loss,and impedance matching.In particularly,we provided a brand-new dielectric sum-quotient model to analyze the electromagnetic performance of the non-magnetic material system.It suggests that the specific sum and quotient of permittivity are the key to keep reflection loss below−10 dB within a certain frequency range.Furthermore,based on the concept of material genetic engineering,the dielectric constant could be taken into account to seek for suitable materials with designable electromagnetic absorption performance.

Performance and Analysis of a Model for Describing Layered Leaf Area Index of Rice

Layered leaf area index （LAIk） is one of the major determinants for rice canopy. The objective of this study is to attain rice LAI k using morphological traits especially leaf traits that affected plant type. A theoretical model based on rice geometrical structure was established to describe LAI k of rice with leaf length （Li）, width （Wi）, angle （Ai）, and space （Si）, and plant pole height （H） at booting and heading stages. In correlation with traditional manual measurement, the model was performed by high R2-values （0.95-0.89, n=24） for four rice hybrids （Liangyoupeijiu, Liangyou E32, Liangyou Y06, and Shanyou 63） with various plant types and four densities （3 750, 2 812, 1 875, and 1 125 plants per 100 m2） of a particular hybrid （Liangyoupeijiu）. The analysis of leaf length, width, angle, and space on LAI k for two hybrids （Liangyoupeijiu and Shanyou 63） showed that leaves length and space exhibited greater effects on the change of rice LAI k . The radiation intensity showed a significantly negative exponential relation to the accumulation of LAI k , which agreed to the coefficient of light extinction （K）. Our results suggest that plant type regulates radiation distribution through changing LAI k . The present model would be helpful to acquire leaf distribution and judge canopy structure of rice field by computer system after a simple and less-invasive measurement of leaf length, width, angle （by photo）, and space at field with non-dilapidation of plants.

A Morphologically Structured Model for Mycelial Growth and Secondary Metabolite Formation

A morphologically structured model is proposed to describe the batch fermentation of lovastatin according to the growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. Three kinds of hyphae are considered in the model:actively growing hyphae, non-growing hyphae and deactivated hyphae. Furthermore, actively growing hyphae consist of three morphological compartments: apical compartment which gives rise to hyphal tip extension; subapical compartment which is related to hyphal branching; and hyphal compartment which is only responsible for secondary metabolite formation. The kinetics of mycelial growth mechanism is summarized and applied in modeling lovastatin fermentation. A Michaelis-Menten kinetic model with substrate inhibition is proposed for product formation. As expected, the model simulations fit well with experimental data obtained either from a laboratory scale 10 L fermenter or from a vilot-vlant scale fermenter.

Morphological Group Theory of Material Structure

The correct formulation and understanding of micro-images is one of the difficulties that occur to microstructures science today, which need to develop a new appropriate mathematics for micro-images of matter system. Here I study the image mathematics and physics description of micro-images of material system by topology, set theory, symbolic logic and show that there is a naturally morphological equation, that is a law of qualitative structure of matter system, the law of the unity of two kinds of morphological structure (Jordan and hidden structure), which can be used to describe not only the common feature of different correlated matter, but also to correct classify the micro-images into different classes, so that to study the morphology groups for materials science and Algebraic geometry. The morphology equation can be found a number of applications for the observation and analysis of micro-images of material system and other natural sciences, some important basic concepts of algebraic geometry can also be newly explained by the morphology equation, such as: 1) To construct the image-mathematical language and to construct the image mathematics model (IMM) for microstructures;2) To construct complex geometric structures (Concave polygon) then analyze these complex shape structure by analytic geometry and algebraic geometry, to study complicated operators on complicated spaces;3) A new explanation for the logical basis, concept definition and proof way of algebraic geometry and uses it to analyze morphological structure of the new and parent phase and the problem of Hodge’s theory and structure type, and points out that there may be a counterexamples for Hodge’s conjecture.

A Population Morphologically Structured Model for Microscopic Growth of Filamentous Microorganism

The growth of filamentous microorganism is contributed by tip extenasion and branching, The microecoplc growth of filamentous mlcroorgemiam means the growth process from one or a few spores. In ordeT to descrihe the microecopic procees, a population morphological]y staagtured model is proposed, in which three morphological compartment and their interactions were ccamidemd, and the heterogeneity of hyphal growth was included. The model was a4ppfied to describe the microscopic growth of Stzeptomyces tendae mad Geotrichum caudidtun with good agreement. From model prediction, it is concluded that if the number of hyphae is large enough (macropscpic growth), the specific growth rate of filamentous microorganism and the ratio of morphologicad forms in hyphse will become constant.

Application of Planar Seismogenic Structure to the Seismotectonic Method——A Case Study in the Dayao-Yao'an Area

In seismic hazard analysis of nuclear power plant of China there is a need to identify both seismogenic structures and seismotectonic zones. In past practice,the identification of the seismogenic structures was often based on the surface active faults and characterization of linear seismic source. In a situation which shows quite strong non-random seismic activity and lacks surface active faults,it is difficult to evaluate the seismic hazard reasonably. Taking seismogenic structures in the Dayao-Yao'an area as a case study in this paper,we discuss the need and the possibility to apply the planar seismogenic structure to the seismotectonic method. We suggest that the planar seismogenic structure should be considered when applying the seismotectonic method to the seismic risk assessment of nuclear engineering in future.

基于SEM-AHP方法的核电厂定量人为因素评价研究

文章基于人为因素分析与分类系统,分析了115起核电厂执照运行事件报告(Licensed Operation Event Report,LOER),并对影响核电厂事件发生的人为因素进行分类,采用结构方程模型方法得出各影响因素的路径系数,两两比较得到层次分析模型的判断矩阵,进而确定各因素的权重。同时对核电厂人为因素的重要性做排序分析,找到核电厂运行过程中的安全管理薄弱环节,从而促进核电厂系统平稳运行。

广西北山铅锌矿床矿体形貌及其成矿指示

广西北山铅锌矿床是桂北地区储量最大的铅锌矿床,开采历史悠久,为矿体形貌研究提供了良好条件。基于野外地质调查和前人研究成果,认为矿床的形成先后经历了层间滑动、倾伏褶皱和断裂3个构造变形阶段。矿体形貌研究发现,矿床从南到北具有不同的侧伏向和侧伏角,南部矿体向SW侧伏、侧伏角20°;中部矿体延伸近SN向,侧伏不明显;北部矿体向NE侧伏,侧伏角为10°。矿体形貌成因类型包括岩溶型矿体(Ⅰ号矿体群)、构造-岩溶型矿体(Ⅱ号矿体群)、构造型矿体(Ⅲ号矿体群)和流体型矿体(少量小矿体)。通过矿体形貌类型、成矿构造、矿体力性、力向、力度、韵度、时空等构造成矿参数研究,综合评价认为矿区具有较好的成矿条件,矿体形貌等级达到“良好”,推测矿床形成于印支期或之前。根据矿体形貌评价结果建立找矿模式,建议矿区下一步找矿方向应在已知Ⅲ号矿体群南部深处侧伏方向以及沿NNE向F3断层上盘或下盘寻找构造型矿体。

树线交错带植物形态结构和生理生态学特性研究进展

由于复杂特殊的生长环境,树线交错带植物形成了独特的形态结构和生理生态学特性。本文综述了国内外学者在树线交错带植物形态适应特征、解剖结构特征、生理生态学特性等方面的研究进展,并提出研究展望,为进一步探究全球气候变化情况下植物对环境的响应机理及间接预测气候变化提供参考。

祁连山东部森林林分结构和环境因素对草本物种多样性的影响

林下草本物种多样性在维持西北干旱与半干旱地区的生态系统服务功能方面起着重要作用,探究其相关影响因素,可为祁连山东部地区的人工生态公益林的可持续经营提供理论基础。选取位于祁连山东部地区的针叶纯林、阔叶纯林、针叶混交林、针阔混交林(人工林)为研究对象,在相关性分析的基础上构建草本物种多样性的多因素参数预测模型和结构方程非参效应模型,探究多重因素(林分空间结构、林分非空间结构、环境因子)间的关系以及对林下草本物种多样性的影响程度。结果表明:(1)针阔混交林中林下草本的科、属、种数量最多。(2)平均胸径、平均树高、角尺度、混交度、大小比、坡度与草本物种多样性呈显著性相关(P<0.05)。(3)平均胸径是影响林下草本Simpson多样性指数的关键因子;坡度是影响林下草本Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的关键因子;角尺度、混交度是影响Pielou均匀性指数的关键因子;平均胸径、平均树高是影响物种丰富度的关键因子。(4)结构方程非参效应模型显示林分结构是影响草本物种多样性的关键因子(P<0.001),环境因子是影响草本物种多样性的重要因子(P<0.05)。因此,在后续森林植被恢复措施中,应当着重考虑林分的空间结构,形成随机分布的异龄复层混交林,以增加光合利用效率并遵循生态位互补理论,从而提高草本多样性。

考虑水转化过程的干旱区内陆河流域适宜灌溉规模

农业适水发展是保障干旱区水土资源高效利用和生态健康的关键,其核心在于如何科学确定灌溉规模,进而控制农业灌溉用水量。该研究以石羊河流域为研究区,在明确非灌溉需水量的基础上,基于水均衡模型计算考虑水转化过程的不同水文年农业灌溉可用水量,并构建多目标种植结构优化模型对作物种植结构进行调整,最后改进水热平衡模型构建考虑水转化过程的旱区适宜灌溉规模计算模型,分析流域不同情景下的适宜灌溉规模。结果表明:地表水地下水联合调控下,石羊河流域丰、平、枯水年的灌溉可用水量分别为18.97亿~21.57亿、14.75亿~17.51亿、12.31亿~14.95亿m^(3);优化作物种植结构后能够以减少2.94%的经济效益实现14.13%的灌溉节水;构建的适宜灌溉规模计算模型在干旱区内陆河流域具有较好的适用性,采用该方法得到现状条件下石羊河流域丰、平、枯水年的适宜灌溉规模分别为27.73万~31.66万、21.55万~25.76万、18.01万~22.03万hm^(2),提高节水水平、调整种植结构后,流域的适宜灌溉规模有所增加。现状2020年(平水年)的实际灌溉面积高于当地水资源能够承载的临界适宜灌溉规模,需压减2.13万~6.34万hm^(2)。研究结果可在宏观层面上为决策者制定适水农业发展方案提供理论依据。

转角位移型阻尼器性能研究及工程应用

针对传统加固方案美观性不足、空间占有率大的缺点,本文提出一种应用于梁–柱节点的转角位移型金属阻尼器(RMD),该阻尼器外观为弧线型,布置点位于结构梁柱节点处,在保证耗能效果的同时,可最大程度满足建筑功能需求。RMD的耗能原理是梁–柱夹角变化推动阻尼器内部剪切钢板产生位移,耗能棒与剪切钢板相连,多根双曲线型金属棒在剪切板的带动下同时发生弯曲变形,进而耗散地震输入的能量。经有限元数值分析和力学试验研究发现,RMD拥有良好的耗能能力和塑性变形能力,即使在大变形下也不容易发生破坏,并且通过改变耗能棒的数量可以直接调节阻尼器的性能参数,满足不同的工程需求。由于现有常用工程设计软件中没有相应的转动型连接单元对RMD进行模拟,为方便工程设计,进一步提出一种直线型布置的等效模型,基于阻尼器变形前后位移等效原理,通过理论公式推导了等效模型物理参数计算方法,并使用有限元分析证实了该方法拥有较高的准确性。为评估该阻尼器的耗能效果,在相同的数量和布置形式下,将其与普通钢隅撑、黏弹性转角阻尼器分别设置在某一复杂电厂结构中进行减震设计分析。计算结果表明,RMD能够有效降低结构的地震响应,且减震效果优于隅撑与黏弹性转角阻尼器。

基于功能-结构模型的玉米大豆间作不同行向辐射分布研究

【目的】构建不同种植模式和行向的玉米大豆间作功能-结构模型,为解析玉米大豆间作系统的产量优势、生长发育规律及种植模式和行向对光截获、光分配和辐射利用效率的影响提供有力支持。【方法】基于不同种植模式的玉米大豆间作田间试验,解析种植行向如南北行向、东西行向、传统行向(梨树当地长期使用的种植行向,即南偏西40o)对作物生物量、产量和形态结构的影响,构建玉米大豆间作功能-结构模型,模拟不同种植模式和行向下作物群体生长发育和结构变化,量化种植行向对间作系统光截获量和辐射利用效率的影响,并探索玉米大豆间作高光截获量的最佳种植行向。【结果】玉米大豆间作系统的籽粒土地当量比(landequivalentratio,LER)南北行向最高(1.20±0.07),东西行向最低(1.16±0.09)。构建的模型较好地模拟了不同种植方式和种植行向下玉米和大豆的生长发育,与田间实测值相比,玉米株高、单株叶面积和冠层光截获系数的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.09—0.14 m、0.04—0.08 m^(2)·plant(-1)和0.07—0.12,大豆株高、单株叶面积和冠层光截获系数的RMSE分别为0.07—0.09 m、0.02—0.04 m^(2)·plant^(-1)和0.09—0.10。传统行向间作系统的累积光截获量最高,为(758.48±1.00)MJ·m^(-2),南北行向和东西行向的辐射利用效率比传统行向分别降低了7.18%、10.57%。【结论】间作种植可以提高玉米生物量和产量,降低大豆生物量和产量。玉米大豆间作种植模式中,种植行向对作物生长有显著影响,矮秆大豆通过改变叶片大小、节间长度和叶柄倾角规避高秆玉米的遮荫影响,以增加受光量和辐射利用效率,最终提高产量。种植行向对群体累积光截获影响较大,间作系统的辐射利用效率与累积光截获量均表现为传统行向>南北行向>东西行向。本研究有助于田间布局优化,为解释不同种植行向玉米大豆间作的光截获和光分配提供了数据支持。

基于融合SIFT算法的光伏电站安监图像精准识别技术研究

随着我国“双碳”工作的不断推进,光伏电站的规模逐渐扩大。为解决光伏电站图像安防技术中存在的拍摄角度、光线影响大,识别准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于SIFT的光伏电站图像安防技术。通过SIFT算法提取光伏电站图像特征点,解决了光线、角度带来的识别误差问题;通过卷积神经网络方法准确的识别了光伏电站车辆、人员、动物、积雪等安防问题。该方法在某光伏电站进行应用,其光伏电站图像安防识别准确率平均为99.7%。所提方法能有效提高光伏电站图像安防识别准确率。