Efficacy and moderating factors of the Early Start Denver Model in Chinese toddlers with autism spectrum disorder:a longitudinal study

Background Several studies have shown the effectiveness of the Early Start Denver Model(ESDM),but few studies have explored the long-term efficacy of ESDM.This study aimed to explore the efficacy and moderating factors of ESDM in Chinese toddlers with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in a longitudinal way.Methods A total of 60 toddlers with ASD were recruited and randomly divided into two groups:ESDM group all received 24 weeks intervention;Control group were waiting for intervention.Baseline assessment(T0)was conducted before intervention,including Gesell Developmental Scale(GDS)and Psycho-educational Profile-3rd Edition(PEP-3).All toddlers with ASD were examined in the first assessment(T1)at 6 months and in the second assessment(T2)at 12 months.Results In T1 assessment,the increments in speech and personal communication development quotient in GDS were significantly larger in the ESDM group than in the control group(P=0.010,0.047).In T2 assessment,the ESDM group had higher elevation in cognitive verbal/preverbal(CVP),social reciprocity and characteristic verbal behaviors assessed by PEP-3(P=0.021,0.046,0.014).In addition,the severity of stereotyped behavior was negatively associated with improvement in CVP.Family income was positively associated with improvement in speech and CVP(all P<0.05).Conclusions ESDM can effectively improve speech and communication in toddlers with ASD after 24-week intervention.More importantly,ESDM can promote cognition and social interaction and can reduce stereotyped verbal behavior in toddlers with ASD in longitudinal observation.The severity of stereotyped behavior and family ecological factors may be considered as affecting the efficacy of ESDM.

A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Firm’s Social Capital on Innovation Performance

Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to restudy the impact of the firm’s social capital and its three dimensions on innovation performance based on the previous empirical research results of independent samples.This paper also explored some moderators affecting this relationship from culture,industry,firm and methodology.The results indicated that the firm’s social capital and its three-dimension had positive impact on innovation performance.At the same time,the age of the firm and the cultural context can also affect the impact of social capital on innovation performance to a large extent.Based on these findings,this paper developed recommendations for future research.

Relationship Between Firm’s Social Capital and Innovation Performance:A Meta-Analysis

Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to restudy the relationship between firm’s social capital and innovation performance based on the empirical research results of 63 independent samples.This paper also identified some moderators affecting this relationship.The results indicated that the firm’s social capital-innovation performance link was positive and significant(r=0.363),and the age of the firm and the cultural context affected the impact of social capital on innovation performance to a large extent.Based on these findings,this paper developed recommendations for future research.