Studying the climatic and environmental changes on different time scales in inland arid regions of Asia can greatly im‐prove our understanding of climatic influences for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of gl...Studying the climatic and environmental changes on different time scales in inland arid regions of Asia can greatly im‐prove our understanding of climatic influences for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of global change. Pollen, as a remnant of seed plants, is sensitive to environmental factors including precipitation, temperature and altitude, and is a clas‐sic proxy in environmental reconstruction. In the last two decades, great progress in the application of palynology to in‐land areas of Asia has highlighted the role of palynology in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research. The main progress is as follows. (1) On the tectonic time scale of the late Cenozoic, the palaeoclimatological sequence has been es‐tablished on the basis of pollen percentage, concentration and taxon. Pollen data have revealed a continuous enhancement of drought in the inland arid region of Asia, in contrast to evidence acquired based on other proxies. (2) In the late Quater‐nary, an increase in herbaceous plants further supports the intensification of drought associated with global cooling. In more detail, the palynological record shows a glacial-interglacial pattern consistent with changes in global ice volume. (3) The Holocene pollen record has been established at a high resolution and across a wide range of inland areas. In general, it presents an arid grassland environment in the early Holocene, followed by the development of woody plants in the mid- to late-Holocene climate optimum. This pattern is related to moisture changes in areas dominated by the westerlies. There are also significant regional differences in the pattern and amplitude of vegetation response to the Holocene environment. (4) Modern pollen studies based on vegetation surveys, meteorological data and statistics show that topsoil palynology can better reflect regional vegetation types (e. g., grassland, meadow, desert). Drier climates yield higher pollen contents of drought-tolerant plants such as Chenopodioideae, Ephedra, and Nitriaria, while contents of Artemisia and Poaceae are greater under humid climates. Besides these achievements, problems remain in palynological research: for example, pol‐len extraction, identification, interpretation, and quantitative reconstruction. In the future, we encourage strengthened inter‐disciplinary cooperation to improve experimental methods and innovation. Firstly, we should strengthen palynological classification and improve the skill of identification;secondly, laboratory experiments are needed to better constrain pol‐len transport dynamics in water and air;thirdly, more rigorous mathematical principles will improve the reliability of re‐constructions and deepen the knowledge of plant geography;and finally, new areas and methods in palynology should be explored, for example DNA, UV-B and isotopic analysis. It is expected that palynology will continue to develop, and we hope it will continue to play an important role in the study of past climatic and environmental changes.展开更多
温室能够有效改善茄科作物(包括番茄、辣椒、茄子等)生长过程,温室环境控制策略对作物实现高效高产至关重要。为了充分利用国内外的研究成果、促进我国温室环境控制策略的研究应用,分别从常规比例微积分(Proportional Integral Derivati...温室能够有效改善茄科作物(包括番茄、辣椒、茄子等)生长过程,温室环境控制策略对作物实现高效高产至关重要。为了充分利用国内外的研究成果、促进我国温室环境控制策略的研究应用,分别从常规比例微积分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)控制、模糊控制、人工智能控制、温室小气候模型和作物生长模型等5个方面,综述了温室环境控制策略的研究进展。针对目前我国该领域存在的问题,提出了今后应将智能温室控制与作物生长模型耦合,构建智慧型作物生长模型;针对不同区域作物的生长预测,与遥感技术进行结合,增强模型的普适性,形成具有中国特色的温室环境控制策略。展开更多
基金the NSFC(41772181,41807440 and 41888101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(No.XDA20070200)+4 种基金Young Top Talents Project of the"Ten Thousand Youth Program"of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPCYouth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2014383)"Light of West China"Program,CASand the NSF of Gansu Province(18JR3RA395)We thank Miao's group members and anonymous referees for discussions and their constructive suggestions。
文摘Studying the climatic and environmental changes on different time scales in inland arid regions of Asia can greatly im‐prove our understanding of climatic influences for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of global change. Pollen, as a remnant of seed plants, is sensitive to environmental factors including precipitation, temperature and altitude, and is a clas‐sic proxy in environmental reconstruction. In the last two decades, great progress in the application of palynology to in‐land areas of Asia has highlighted the role of palynology in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research. The main progress is as follows. (1) On the tectonic time scale of the late Cenozoic, the palaeoclimatological sequence has been es‐tablished on the basis of pollen percentage, concentration and taxon. Pollen data have revealed a continuous enhancement of drought in the inland arid region of Asia, in contrast to evidence acquired based on other proxies. (2) In the late Quater‐nary, an increase in herbaceous plants further supports the intensification of drought associated with global cooling. In more detail, the palynological record shows a glacial-interglacial pattern consistent with changes in global ice volume. (3) The Holocene pollen record has been established at a high resolution and across a wide range of inland areas. In general, it presents an arid grassland environment in the early Holocene, followed by the development of woody plants in the mid- to late-Holocene climate optimum. This pattern is related to moisture changes in areas dominated by the westerlies. There are also significant regional differences in the pattern and amplitude of vegetation response to the Holocene environment. (4) Modern pollen studies based on vegetation surveys, meteorological data and statistics show that topsoil palynology can better reflect regional vegetation types (e. g., grassland, meadow, desert). Drier climates yield higher pollen contents of drought-tolerant plants such as Chenopodioideae, Ephedra, and Nitriaria, while contents of Artemisia and Poaceae are greater under humid climates. Besides these achievements, problems remain in palynological research: for example, pol‐len extraction, identification, interpretation, and quantitative reconstruction. In the future, we encourage strengthened inter‐disciplinary cooperation to improve experimental methods and innovation. Firstly, we should strengthen palynological classification and improve the skill of identification;secondly, laboratory experiments are needed to better constrain pol‐len transport dynamics in water and air;thirdly, more rigorous mathematical principles will improve the reliability of re‐constructions and deepen the knowledge of plant geography;and finally, new areas and methods in palynology should be explored, for example DNA, UV-B and isotopic analysis. It is expected that palynology will continue to develop, and we hope it will continue to play an important role in the study of past climatic and environmental changes.
文摘温室能够有效改善茄科作物(包括番茄、辣椒、茄子等)生长过程,温室环境控制策略对作物实现高效高产至关重要。为了充分利用国内外的研究成果、促进我国温室环境控制策略的研究应用,分别从常规比例微积分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)控制、模糊控制、人工智能控制、温室小气候模型和作物生长模型等5个方面,综述了温室环境控制策略的研究进展。针对目前我国该领域存在的问题,提出了今后应将智能温室控制与作物生长模型耦合,构建智慧型作物生长模型;针对不同区域作物的生长预测,与遥感技术进行结合,增强模型的普适性,形成具有中国特色的温室环境控制策略。
