History, philosophy and modern research of traditional Mongolian medicine

The Mongolian nationality is a legendary ethnic group with a long history.In the long history process,Mongolians have developed broad,profound and gorgeous cultural patterns in many aspects,such as living,diet,clothing,language,writing,dance,art,medicine and health,which has accumulated tremendous achievements and formed its unique tradition.Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)is one of the most important ethnic medicines with systematic theories that has been developed over thousands of years among Mongolian people.The study of TMM has the potential to aid in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases,as well as the provision of more effective medical services across the world.This paper reviews the key literature concerned with the origin and history,main theoretical philosophies and the modern research status of TMM.It provides a reference for the study of traditional medicine.

Progress in Modern Pharmacological Research and Clinical Application of Daihuang Zhechong Pill

Daihuang Zhechong pill is an important prescription in ancient books for the treatment of promoting blood circulation and breaking blood stasis.This paper mainly discusses the pharmacological study and clinical application of Daihuang Zhechong pill.

Regularity of Wind-dispelling Medication Prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan:A Data Mining Technology-based Study

Objective To extract and analyze information on the regularity with which wind-dispelling medication was prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan and many doctors of his school of thought and to provide theoretical basis and ideas for modern clinical application to facilitate the use,research,and development of these medications.Methods Original data on wind-dispelling medication described in LI Dong-Yuan’s works were collected,sorted and organized.Data mining and comprehensive analysis were performed by using a series of data processing softwares,such as SPSS 22.0,Modeler 18.0 and x Miner.By reviewing LI Dong-Yuan’s writings on wind-dispelling medication,the number of prescriptions for wind-dispelling medication were counted.Frequency of use of wind-dispelling medication was determined,and association rules analysis,factor analysis,and core drug network analysis were used to reveal associations of the symptoms of syndromes and treatment with wind-dispelling medication and to reveal the regularity with which these medications were prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan.Results A total of 356 prescriptions and 121 flavors of winddispelling medication were observed.Among them,five kinds of medicinal properties,seven kinds of medicinal tastes,and 12 kinds of meridians were identified.Furthermore,herbs were divided into 18 categories according to their efficacy.Statistical analysis showed that there were 23 wind-dispelling medications that were prescribed with a frequency of≥60.The mainly used drugs were Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fang Feng,防风),Bupleuri Radix(Chai Hu,柴胡),Cimicifugae Rhizoma(Sheng Ma,升麻),Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix(Qiang Huo,羌活),Puerariae Lobatae Radix(Ge Gen,葛根),Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuan Xiong,川芎),and Ephedrae Herba(Ma Huang,麻黄).In addition,we analyzed the association rules wind-dispelling medication and obtained 23 one-to-one drug association rules and 11 multiple-to-one drug association rules.The core drug network analysis data visualization showed core drugs used in the treatment of external wind assailing the exterior(wind-cold,wind-heat,wind-dampness,etc.),wind-stroke,and tonifying middle and replenishing Qi.Factor analysis was performed on the drugs used by LI Dong-Yuan,and finally 4 groups of wind medicine combinations were obtained.Conclusions This data mining-based study on the regularity of wind-dispelling medication described in LI Dong-Yuan’s works is of great significance,because it reveals the clinical application of its theoretical formulae and medications.

Research on "Erchen" in Erchen decoction

Traditional Chinese Medicine has a long history of aging medicines,with the Erchen decoction(it is a traditional Chinese botanical formula),produced by Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)(CRP)and Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)(PR),as having the most research value.While modern pharmacological studies have found that the main active components of CRP are flavonoids and volatile oils.The relative contents of 30 CRP flavonoids increase with aging time.However,the expectorant effect of CRP is not proportional to its aging time,and its volatile oil composition is thought to be negatively correlated with its aging time,yet this correlation has not yet been established by research.In addition,different experimental measurement methods have found that aging has a reduced effect on the toxic components of different processing types of PR,such as calcium oxalate needle crystals and protein substances.These research also noted that different processing methods also resulted in differences in the efficacy of PR.For example,during the aging process of Jiangbanxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatumcum Zingibere Et Alumine)and auxiliary materials,6-gingerol was produced,which enhanced the anti-vomiting effects of PR but weakened its expectorant and cough function.Using a method of Alum processed PR,increases the contents of Inosine,Guanosine,Adenosine and Succinate,which thus enhances its expectorant effect.Finally,the contents of 6-Gingerol,Glycyrrhizin,Ammonium Glycyrrhizate,and other substances produced in the aging process of PR,can be used as base compounds for producing additional products of PR.The research on the efficacy and uses of Erchen decoction,particularly compounds made with CRP and PR is voluminous,but no standards currently exist for effective and standardized application of these substances.This paper reviews the research with an aim to establish standardization of methods and of compound aging time.

Nobel Prize for Artemisinin Inspires Modern TCM Research

Half of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Chinese scientist Youyou Tu in recognition of her pioneering work on the antimalarial artemisinin,extracted from Artemisia annua,a traditional Chinese herbal remedy used to treat fever.This is clearly a great encouragement for scientists who engage traditional medicine research.As Youyou Tu stated in her Nobel Prize awarding lecture,artemisinin is a gift from traditional Chinese

Innovative Methods to Speed up the Modernization of Chinese Medicine——The Meeting Report of the Session on Methodology Research and Modernization of Chinese Medicine,International Conference and Exposition on Traditional Medicine 2009

As a kind of complex medical science,Chinese medicine（CM） has a long history of development and application and has demonstrated on evidence basis its efficacy in many diseases affecting multiple organ systems.In recent years,great progress in CM research has been achieved with the initiation of application of sustained and multifaceted use of modern organ systems. In recent years, great progress in CM research has been achieved with the initiation of application of sustained and multifaceted use of modern scientific methods. More and more innovative methods are widely used in CM modernization researches, and the application of new methods becomes the key to further develop CM modernization.

Challenges in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicines

This review is briefly to recall the history of research and development (R&D) of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and to discuss the challenges of Chinese traditional and herbal medicines (CTHM) facing the modern science and technology. The R&D of CTHM is thought to be an important pathway for new drug discovery. Since1949, about 140 approved new drugs have been developed, among which about 80 originated directly or indirectly from medicinal plants. CTHM has gained interest from the international medical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical institutions as a valuable source of potential medicines. For the modernization of CMM and innovative research of CTHM, there are following challenges to be faced: (1) to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacological properties, action mechanism, and active chemical constituents; (2) to develop new methodologies for the quality and safety of CTHM; (3) to apply new '-omics' techniques to accelerate drug discoveries developed from CTHM; and (4) to apply international practices including good agricultural practice, good manufacturing practice, good laboratory practice, and good clinical practice in the R&D of CTHM.