In contrast to the overlapping-generations model, it is allowable to discount the future utility in a dynasty model without the ethical difficulty related to intergenerational conflicts. Much precedent research uses R...In contrast to the overlapping-generations model, it is allowable to discount the future utility in a dynasty model without the ethical difficulty related to intergenerational conflicts. Much precedent research uses Ramsey-type optimal growth theory in order to estimate the social discount rate. However, one must note that almost all the formulations neglect the existence of negative intertemporal externalities. This problem is vital when one analyzes the global warming problem mainly caused by the excess concentration of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). This is because an adjoining effect of capital accumulation exists besides the improvement of product capacity, which is reflected in the rate of interest (or equivalently, the marginal productivity of capital). That is, one cannot neglect a negative externality to the future productivity that originates from the excess emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>. Accordingly, following the optimal growth theory, the effective social discount rate should be heightened by a proportional carbon tax to suppress future excess consumption/ emissions than in the case of the existing analyses, which exclude such an intertemporal external diseconomy.展开更多
The Burzynski criterion is developed for anisotropic asymmetric metals with the non-associated flow rule （NAFR） for plane stress problems. The presented pressure depending on the yield criterion can be calibrated wi...The Burzynski criterion is developed for anisotropic asymmetric metals with the non-associated flow rule （NAFR） for plane stress problems. The presented pressure depending on the yield criterion can be calibrated with ten experimental data, i.e., the tensile yield stresses at 0°, 45°, and 90°, the compressive yield stresses at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 75°, and 90° from the rolling direction, and the biaxial tensile yield stress. The corresponding pressure independent plastic potential function can be calibrated with six experimental data, i.e., the tensile R-values at 0°, 15°, 45°, 75°, and 90° from the rolling direction and the tensile biaxial R-value. The downhill simplex method is used to solve these ten and six high nonlinear equations for the yield and plastic potential functions, respectively. The results show that the presented new criterion is appropriate for anisotropic asymmetric metals.展开更多
The Ramsey rule is regarded as a convenient vehicle for estimating the social discount rate in general. Carbon pricing is treated as another theory of environmental economics. This study clarifies the theoretical rela...The Ramsey rule is regarded as a convenient vehicle for estimating the social discount rate in general. Carbon pricing is treated as another theory of environmental economics. This study clarifies the theoretical relationship between the Ramsey rule and optimal carbon price, which has been overlooked in the existing research. It succeeds in deriving the optimal carbon price from the modified Ramsey rule in stationary state. Since the Ramsey rule decides the dynamics of an economy and a stationary state is its destination, by using the optimization condition of individual who are assumed to live infinitesimally short life, we can solve the optimal carbon price at stationary state.展开更多
In order to study the work-ability and establish the optimum hot formation processing parameters for industrial 1060 pure aluminum, the compressive deformation behavior of pure aluminum was investigated at temperature...In order to study the work-ability and establish the optimum hot formation processing parameters for industrial 1060 pure aluminum, the compressive deformation behavior of pure aluminum was investigated at temperatures of 523?823 K and strain rates of 0.005?10 s?1 on a Gleeble?1500 thermo-simulation machine. The influence rule of processing parameters (strain, strain rate and temperature) on flow stress of pure aluminum was investigated. Nine analysis factors consisting of material parameters and according weights were optimized. Then, the constitutive equations of multilevel series rules, multilevel parallel rules and multilevel series ¶llel rules were established. The correlation coefficients (R) are 0.992, 0.988 and 0.990, respectively, and the average absolute relative errors (AAREs) are 6.77%, 8.70% and 7.63%, respectively, which proves that the constitutive equations of multilevel series rules can predict the flow stress of pure aluminum with good correlation and precision.展开更多
In order to establish a restoring-force model for modified concrete columns with recycled aggregates concrete(RAC), cyclic loading tests were carried out on five concretes with RAC columns and ordinary concrete frame ...In order to establish a restoring-force model for modified concrete columns with recycled aggregates concrete(RAC), cyclic loading tests were carried out on five concretes with RAC columns and ordinary concrete frame columns under the combined influence with different admixtures and admixtures ratios(silica fume and hybrid fiber). The expressions for characteristic nodes of the skeleton curve were given by the analysis and numerical regression of the test results. In addition, the hysteretic rules of the restoring-force model and the expression for unloading stiffness were presented. Finally, we summed up the complete calculation method of the hysteretic restoring force, whose results were in good agreement with experiment. The results demonstrated that the proposed model could simulate and reflect the corresponding hysteretic behaviors, and the calculation method can provide the theoretical basis for the engineering application.展开更多
In this paper we consider polynomials orthogonal with respect to the linear functional L:P→C,defined on the space of all algebraic polynomials P by L[p]=∫_(-1)^(1)p(x)(1−x)^(α−1/2)(1+x)^(β−1/2)exp(iζx)dx,whereα,...In this paper we consider polynomials orthogonal with respect to the linear functional L:P→C,defined on the space of all algebraic polynomials P by L[p]=∫_(-1)^(1)p(x)(1−x)^(α−1/2)(1+x)^(β−1/2)exp(iζx)dx,whereα,β>−1/2 are real numbers such thatℓ=|β−α|is a positive integer,andζ∈R\{0}.We prove the existence of such orthogonal polynomials for some pairs ofαandζand for all nonnegative integersℓ.For such orthogonal polynomials we derive three-term recurrence relations and also some differential-difference relations.For such orthogonal polynomials the corresponding quadrature rules of Gaussian type are considered.Also,some numerical examples are included.展开更多
文摘In contrast to the overlapping-generations model, it is allowable to discount the future utility in a dynasty model without the ethical difficulty related to intergenerational conflicts. Much precedent research uses Ramsey-type optimal growth theory in order to estimate the social discount rate. However, one must note that almost all the formulations neglect the existence of negative intertemporal externalities. This problem is vital when one analyzes the global warming problem mainly caused by the excess concentration of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). This is because an adjoining effect of capital accumulation exists besides the improvement of product capacity, which is reflected in the rate of interest (or equivalently, the marginal productivity of capital). That is, one cannot neglect a negative externality to the future productivity that originates from the excess emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>. Accordingly, following the optimal growth theory, the effective social discount rate should be heightened by a proportional carbon tax to suppress future excess consumption/ emissions than in the case of the existing analyses, which exclude such an intertemporal external diseconomy.
文摘The Burzynski criterion is developed for anisotropic asymmetric metals with the non-associated flow rule （NAFR） for plane stress problems. The presented pressure depending on the yield criterion can be calibrated with ten experimental data, i.e., the tensile yield stresses at 0°, 45°, and 90°, the compressive yield stresses at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 75°, and 90° from the rolling direction, and the biaxial tensile yield stress. The corresponding pressure independent plastic potential function can be calibrated with six experimental data, i.e., the tensile R-values at 0°, 15°, 45°, 75°, and 90° from the rolling direction and the tensile biaxial R-value. The downhill simplex method is used to solve these ten and six high nonlinear equations for the yield and plastic potential functions, respectively. The results show that the presented new criterion is appropriate for anisotropic asymmetric metals.
文摘The Ramsey rule is regarded as a convenient vehicle for estimating the social discount rate in general. Carbon pricing is treated as another theory of environmental economics. This study clarifies the theoretical relationship between the Ramsey rule and optimal carbon price, which has been overlooked in the existing research. It succeeds in deriving the optimal carbon price from the modified Ramsey rule in stationary state. Since the Ramsey rule decides the dynamics of an economy and a stationary state is its destination, by using the optimization condition of individual who are assumed to live infinitesimally short life, we can solve the optimal carbon price at stationary state.
基金Project(51275414)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015JM5204)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(Z2015064)supported by the Graduate Starting Seed Fund of the Northwestern Polytechnical University,ChinaProject(130-QP-2015)supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),China
文摘In order to study the work-ability and establish the optimum hot formation processing parameters for industrial 1060 pure aluminum, the compressive deformation behavior of pure aluminum was investigated at temperatures of 523?823 K and strain rates of 0.005?10 s?1 on a Gleeble?1500 thermo-simulation machine. The influence rule of processing parameters (strain, strain rate and temperature) on flow stress of pure aluminum was investigated. Nine analysis factors consisting of material parameters and according weights were optimized. Then, the constitutive equations of multilevel series rules, multilevel parallel rules and multilevel series ¶llel rules were established. The correlation coefficients (R) are 0.992, 0.988 and 0.990, respectively, and the average absolute relative errors (AAREs) are 6.77%, 8.70% and 7.63%, respectively, which proves that the constitutive equations of multilevel series rules can predict the flow stress of pure aluminum with good correlation and precision.
基金Project(51178388)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013SZS01-Z02)supported by Key Laboratory Fund of Shaanxi Province,China
文摘In order to establish a restoring-force model for modified concrete columns with recycled aggregates concrete(RAC), cyclic loading tests were carried out on five concretes with RAC columns and ordinary concrete frame columns under the combined influence with different admixtures and admixtures ratios(silica fume and hybrid fiber). The expressions for characteristic nodes of the skeleton curve were given by the analysis and numerical regression of the test results. In addition, the hysteretic rules of the restoring-force model and the expression for unloading stiffness were presented. Finally, we summed up the complete calculation method of the hysteretic restoring force, whose results were in good agreement with experiment. The results demonstrated that the proposed model could simulate and reflect the corresponding hysteretic behaviors, and the calculation method can provide the theoretical basis for the engineering application.
基金supported in part by Serbian Ministry of Education and Science(Projects#174015 and Ⅲ44006).
文摘In this paper we consider polynomials orthogonal with respect to the linear functional L:P→C,defined on the space of all algebraic polynomials P by L[p]=∫_(-1)^(1)p(x)(1−x)^(α−1/2)(1+x)^(β−1/2)exp(iζx)dx,whereα,β>−1/2 are real numbers such thatℓ=|β−α|is a positive integer,andζ∈R\{0}.We prove the existence of such orthogonal polynomials for some pairs ofαandζand for all nonnegative integersℓ.For such orthogonal polynomials we derive three-term recurrence relations and also some differential-difference relations.For such orthogonal polynomials the corresponding quadrature rules of Gaussian type are considered.Also,some numerical examples are included.
