MODIFIED LAYER REMOVAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THICK PRE-STRETCHED ALUMINUM PLATE

The integrated structure parts are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates during machining integrated parts is a common and serious problem. To predict and control the machining distortion, the residual stress distribution in the thick plate must be measured firstly. The modified removal method for measuring residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates is proposed and the stress-strain relation matrix is deduced by elasticity theory. The residual stress distribution in specimen of 7050T7451 plate is measured by using the method, and measurement results are analyzed and compared with data obtained by other methods. The method is effective to measure the residual stress.

Scattering Centers Measurements by a Modified MEMP Method

A modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil (MMEMP) method is presented for the scattering centers measurements in step-frequency radar. The method estimates the signal parameter pairs directly unlike the matrix enhancement and matrix pencil (MEMP) method which contains an additional step to pair the parameters related to each dimension. The downrange and crossrange expressions of the scattering centers are deduced, as well as the range ambiguities, from the point of view of MMEMP method. Compared with the Fourier transform method, the numerical simulation shows that both the resolution and precision of the MMEMP method are higher than those of the Fourier method. The processing results of the real measured data for three cylinders prove the above conclusions further.

Modified technique for volumetric brain tumor measurements

Quantitative measurements of tumor response rate in three dimensions (3D) become more re-alistic with the use of advanced technology im-aging during therapy, especially when the tumor morphological changes remain subtle, irregular and difficult to assess by clinical examination. These quantitative measurements depend strongly on the accuracy of the segmentations methods used. Improvements on such methods yield to increase the accuracy of the segmentation process. Recently, the essential modification in the Traditional Region Growing (T-RG) method has been developed and a “Modified Region Growing Method” (MRGM) has been presented and gives more accurate boundary detection and holes filling after segmentation. In this pa-per, the new automatic calculation of the volu-metric size of brain tumor has been imple-mented based on Modified Region Growing Method. A comparative study and statistical analysis performed in this work show that the modified method gives more accurate and better performance for 3D volume measurements. The method was tested by 7 fully investigated pa-tients of different tumor type and shape, and better accurate results were reported using MRGM.

Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Using a Modified Canonical Genetic Algorithm for Observability Analysis

This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of synchronized PMUs （phasor measurement units） in electrical power systems using a MCGA （modified canonical genetic algorithm）, which the goal is to determine the minimum number of PMUs, as well as the optimal location of these units to ensure the complete topological observability of the system. In case of more than one solution, a strategy of analysis of the design matrix rank is applied to determine the solution with the lower number of critical measurements. In the proposed method of placement, modifications are made in the crossover and mutation genetic operators, as well as in the formation of the subpopulation, and are considered restrictive hypotheses in the search space to improve the performance in solving the optimization problem. Simulations are performed using the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and New England 39-bus test systems. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE 118-bus test system considering the presence of observable zones formed by conventional measurements.

Speed Measurement Feasibility by Eddy Current Effect in the High-Speed MFL Testing

It is known that eddy current effect has a great influence on magnetic flux leakage testing(MFL).Usually,contacttype encoder wheels are used to measure MFL testing speed to evaluate the effect and further compensate testing signals.This speed measurement method is complicated,and inevitable abrasion and occasional slippage will reduce the measurement accuracy.In order to solve this problem,based on eddy current effect due to the relative movement,a speed measurement method is proposed,which is contactless and simple.In the high-speed MFL testing,eddy current induced in the specimen will cause an obvious modification to the applied field.This modified field,which is measured by Hall sensor,can be utilized to reflect the moving speed.Firstly,the measurement principle is illustrated based on Faraday’s law.Then,dynamic finite element simulations are conducted to investigate the modified magnetic field distribution.Finally,laboratory experiments are performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.The results show that Bmz(r1)and Bmx(r2)have a linear relation with moving speed,which could be used as an alternative measurement parameter.

A Numerical Method on Inverse Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient Based on Thermographic Temperature Measurement

The heat transfer coefficient in a multidimensional heat conduction problem is obtained from the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem based on the thermographic temperature measurement. The modified one-dimensional correction method （MODCM）, along with the finite volume method, is employed for both two- and three-dimensional inverse problems. A series of numerical experiments are conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of the method. In addition, the effect of the temperature measurement error, the ending criterion of the iteration, etc. on the result of the inverse problem is investigated. It is proved that the method is a simple, stable and accurate one that can solve successfully the inverse heat conduction problem.

Currents in the Luzon Strait during the spring of 2002: observation and computation by modified inverse model

On the basis of the current measurements at 200,500 and 800 m from moored current meters with the time series data from March 17 to April 15 at the mooring station (20°49′57″N, 120°48′ 12″E) and the hydrographic data obtained in the Luzon Strait during the spring of 2002 cruise, the circulation in the investigated area is computed by using the modified inverse method. The major observed results are as follows: (1) the average velocity and the flow direction in the observing days are (47.4 cm/s, 346°) at the 200 m level. The average velocity in the observing days is (20.3 cm/s, 350? at the 500 m level. These mean that the Kuroshio intrudes into the South Chin Sea to flow northwestward through the Luzon Strait at 200 and 500 m levels. (2) The average velocity in the observing days is (1.2 cm/s, 35°) at the 800 m level, i. e., its direction is northeastward. This means that the flow condition at the 800 m level very differs from mat at the 200 and 500 m levels. (3) There is the high density and cold water (HDCW) in the middle of western part of in the investigated region, and its center is located near the hydrological station 3 at Section A. (4) There is the lower density and warm water (LDWW) in the southeastern part of investigated region. (5) The currents in April 2002 are stronger than those in March 2002.The major computed results are as follows: (1) The northwestward and southeastward VTs through Section B are 32.48×106 m3/s (inclusive of VT of anticyclonic eddy) and 3.34×106m3/s, respectively. The net northwestward VT through Section B in the investigated area is about 29.14×106 m3/s. (2) The eastern and western VTs through Section A are about 16.71×106 and 8.57×106 m3/s, respectively. Thus, the net eastward VT through Section A is about 8.14×106 m3/s. (3) The net northward VT through Section M is about 24.68×106 m3/s. (4) After about 24.68×106 m3/s flows through Section M, most of it, about 16.54×106 m3/s, flows northward through the eastern part of Section C and then flows northward into the region east Taiwan Island. The other part of it, about 8.14×106 m3/s, branches out from the main Kuroshio and then flows meanderingly through the western part of Section C. Thus, the Kuroshio has the two cores of current at Section C. (5) The direction of the computed current near the mooring station M agrees with the direction of the current measurements at 200 and 500 m from moored current meters, i.e., their directions both are northwestward. (6) About 3.34×106 m3/s of the South Chin Sea water probably flows slowly from the northwest to the southeast in the layer below 550 m at the western part of Section B.

Extended validity of weak measurement

We introduce a modified weak value that is related to the mean value of input meter variable.With the help of the modified weak value,the validity conditions for various modified versions of weak value formalism are investigated,in terms of the dependence of the pointer shift on the mean value of the input meter.The weak value formalism,often used to represent the pointer shift,with the modified weak value is of great use in simplifying calculations and giving guidance of practical experiments whenever the mean value of the input meter variable is nonzero.The simulation in a qubit system is presented and coincident well with our theoretical result.

Differences in Modified Morgan Phosphorus Levels Determined by Colorimetric and Inductively Coupled Plasma Methods

Phosphorus (P) fertilization is frequently needed for profitable crop production. Modified Morgan P (MMP) is a soil test P used to estimate plant available P in soils. The critical values of MMP for P fertilization and maintenance recommendations are based on the P concentrations measured by a common colorimetric molybdenum blue method although other P quantification methods have also been used for MMP measurements. In this study, we collected 120 surface soil samples of Caribou Sandy loam under potato cultivation or its rotation crops from Maine, USA, and 72 soil samples of Cecil sandy loam with cotton/corn crops under conventional tillage and no-till management with chemical and poultry litter fertilization in Georgia, USA. The MMP levels in all 192 dry samples were greater when they were measured by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-based method, compared to the corresponding data produced from colorimetry. Our results show the two sets of data were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.93, P –1 with standard deviation of 12.9, compared to the average of colorimetric MMP level of 14.9 mg P kg–1 with standard deviation of 8.8. Based on the observations in this work, both colorimetric and ICP-based methods can be used for P fertilizer recommendation, but a conversion factor should be applied for ICP data as the current recommendation systems are based on colorimetric M&R data.

Study of Occlusal-maxillo-facial 3-dimentional Structural Change of Orthodontic Therapy of Crossbite Malocclusion by Modified ACTIVATOR Appliance

Summary: Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.

Establishment of a Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Genetically Modified Maize Line MON88017

In order to improve the standardized technical systems of quantitative analyses for genetically modified organisms （GMOs） and products, ensure bio-safety and reduce ecological risk in China, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was established for detection of genetically modified maize line MON88017. The established method was evaluated based on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and measurement uncertainty. The results showed that the established method had strong specificity in detection of genetically modified maize line MON88017. 1.50% MON88017 sample was detected with 29 replica- tions. The average measured value （ 1. 541% ） was close to the actual value （ 1.50% ） and the relative deviation was 2.70%. The variation coefficient of the measured value was 0.110 g ; the recovery was 100.00% and the measurement uncertainty was 0. 096. The limit of detection for genetically modified maize line MON88017 with the established method was 5 copies at the 97.5% confidence level. Thus, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay established in this study exhibited high specificity, accuracy and sensitivity, which could provide technical support for the safety supervision of genetically modified organ- isms and products in China.

Automated dual source systems for measurement of DC resistance standards

A new system for measuring low-ohmic standard resistors through a dual current sources bridge is introduced.It is used for low resistance measurements from 1 mΩto 1Ωat 1∶1 ratio,which is suitable for the laboratories without cryogenic current comparators(CCC)or direct current comparators(DCC)bridges.Behavior of this bridge is evaluated by comparing its measured values with the unknown resistor values obtained by another method.The accuracy of the introduced bridge is in the level of 10-5 for the 1 mΩresistor,and in the level of 10-4 for the 10 mΩ,100 mΩand 1Ωresistors.Moreover,a dual voltage sources system for the measurement of DC standard resistors from 1 kΩto 100 MΩis also presented.In this system,a modification is made on the modified Wheatstone bridge to evaluate its performance by adding another digital multimeter to measure the ratio between the unknown and the standard resistors simultaneously.This bridge is verified by comparing the measured values of 10 kΩresistor obtained by the two methods with its actual value.The bridge accuracy is in the level of 10-6 except for the 1 kΩresistor,and the bridge asymmetry is also evaluated.It is found the asymmetry is in the level of 10-6 for the resistors from 10 kΩto 100 MΩand in the level of 10-5 for 1 kΩresistors.The introduced bridges operations are controlled by LabVIEW programs designed specially for this purpose,and the expanded uncertainty is also evaluated for all measurement results.

Pulsed intense electron beam emittance measurement

Recently we measured with the Modified Three Gradient Method(MTGM) the beam emittance of an injector constructed in 2012, which was designed to provide a 2.4 kA, 2.6 MeV electron beam. The MTGM is a non-intercept indirect method, which is based on the three gradient type measurements of beam profiles and subsequent data processing which helps to get the least square solution to the beam emittance. Beam profiles under different currents of guiding coil are measured using Cerenkov radiation given off by a piece of quartz glass in the beam tube, which is recorded with a CCD camera. MTGM Code is developed to realize the data fitting as well as beam transport simulation, in which both the σ matrix method and the numerical solution of root-mean-square beam envelope equation are used. The error is also analyzed.

基于联合验证数据评定转化体定量检测结果测量不确定度

随着转基因生物及产品定量标识制度的不断完善,大批转化体定量检测方法的建立迫在眉睫,为了在实验数据积累不足的情况下,在检测方法建立初期及时评定测量不确定度,本研究以耐除草剂大豆DBN9004定量检测方法为例,在检测实验室积累到足够检测数据之前,在8家实验室对5种转基因含量样品进行联合验证,分析试验数据的再现性标准偏差,形成“自上而下”的不确定度预评定方法。结果显示:经格拉布斯法和科克伦法检验8家实验室数据,实验室5的数据存在离群值和岐离值,故剔除,7家实验室5个含量样品的再现性相对标准差RSD_(jR)为6.025%~11.532%,均小于规定的35%,说明该方法具有良好的精密度。根据上述分析数据绘制回归曲线方程为s_(jR)=0.0783×c/≡_(j)-0.0104,计算的相对标准不确定度分量u_(r)=0.0783,u_(0)=0.012,进而将试样检测结果的平均值(c=)带入公式,计算定量结果的标准不确定度u=√u_(0)^(2)+(u_(r)×c/=)^(2)=√0.012^(2)+(0.0783×c=)^(2)。结果表明基于联合验证数据评定转化体定量检测结果测量不确定度,为转化体定量检测方法建立初期提供了科学有效的实验室自行评定方法,为转基因生物及产品的安全监管提供了技术保障。

循证实践营养措施结合改良式袋鼠式护理对支气管肺发育不良早产儿喂养情况及病情控制的影响

目的探讨循证实践营养措施结合改良式袋鼠式护理在支气管肺发育不良(BPD)早产儿中的应用效果。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月收治的80例BPD早产儿,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组施以常规护理,观察组施以循证实践营养措施结合改良式袋鼠式护理。比较两组的干预效果。结果观察组的开始经口喂养时间、全经口喂养时间及全胃肠营养时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的无创通气时间与总氧疗时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的吸气峰压(PIP)、吸氧浓度(FiO_(2))及动脉血二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论循证实践营养措施结合改良式袋鼠式护理能提高BPD早产儿的喂养效果,缩短无创通气时间与总氧疗时间,改善呼吸功能,值得推广。

基于修正剑桥模型的堆料质量测量方法研究

针对堆料盘点时工作效率低、结果不准确等问题,研究了一种基于修正剑桥模型的质量测量方法,并通过对小型石英砂堆料进行质量测量实验验证了该方法的可行性。为了提高堆料质量盘点时的工作效率以及测量结果的准确度,基于积分原理,结合修正剑桥模型描述的应力应变关系构建堆料的应力-密度模型,基于薄膜式压力传感器设计密度测量装置,根据储料场中常见堆料的形式设计两种不同的堆料,对两种石英砂堆料分别进行质量测量实验,通过获取堆料不同高度以及径向不同深度处的压力进而得到密度,结合三维激光扫描仪采集到的点云数据得到堆料体积,从而实现堆料质量的测量。实验结果表明,对于质量为92.1 kg和86.1 kg的石英砂堆料,该方法测得结果的相对误差均在4%以下。实验结果证明了该测量方法的可行性,后续可为大型堆料的盘点提供参考,有助于企业进一步进行生产计划安排。

弹性体改性沥青防水卷材拉力测量不确定度的评定

文章通过对弹性体改性沥青防水卷材(SBS防水卷材)检测标准的学习与梳理,严格按照检验检测要求进行拉力试验,通过试验得到15组拉力(纵向)检测结果。通过分析影响防水卷材拉力测量不确定度结果的分量,根据JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示技术规范》,采用测量不确定度A类和B类评定,得到拉力的合成标准不确定度结果。拉力测量不确定的评定,对于日常检验检测的严谨性以及临界值的判定具有指导意义。

Liquid modified photonic crystal fiber for simultaneous temperature and strain measurement

A liquid modified photonic crystal fiber(PCF)integrated with an embedded directional coupler and multi-mode interferometer is fabricated by infiltrating three adjacent air holes of the innermost layer with standard 1.48 refractive index liquids.The refractive index of the filled liquid is higher than that of background silica,which can not only support the transmitting rod modes but also the"liquid modified core"modes propagating between the PCF core and the liquid rods.Hence,the light propagating in the liquid modified core can be efficiently coupled into the satellite waveguides under the phase-matching conditions,resulting in a dramatic decrease of the resonant wavelength intensity.Furthermore,there is a multi-mode interference produced by modified core modes and rod modes.Such a compact(~0.91 cm)device integrated with an embedded coupler and interferometer is demonstrated for high-sensitivity simultaneous temperature(~14.72 nm∕℃)and strain(~13.01 pm∕με)measurement.

A modified moire interferometer for three-dimensional displacement measurement

This paper presents a new optical interferometric system, MMI-T/G, composed of a modified four-beam moire interferometer and a Twyman/Green interferometer. The MMI-T/G system can measure three-dimensional displacement fringe patterns with a single loading on the specimen, and the in-plane and out-of-plane displacement fields can be measured independently and defined clearly. The optical setup has the advantages of structural novelty, flexibility, and high fringe contrast. Moreover, the in-plane displacement sensitivity is twice of that of the normal moire interferometer. The measuring techniques to obtain the fringe patterns and displacement fields using the MMI-T/G system are described. The experimental results of thermal displacement of an electronic device are shown.

自适应时频插值非平稳实测风速模拟

经典的基于理论规范谱的谱表示法(spectral representation method,简称SRM)可有效模拟自然界大部分风速,但在应用于极端恶劣的实测风速模拟时存在较大偏差,且模拟效率低下。针对这一问题,分别以台风“杜鹃”(弱非平稳)和实测下击暴流风速(强非平稳)为研究背景,首先,以实测风速谱为目标,对理论规范谱进行修正,建立基于修正谱的模拟方案,使得模拟风速更加贴近真实的实测风速;其次,在基于修正谱的风速模拟平台中,引入时频插值技术,并以“平均分辨率”为量化指标,设计一种自适应插值增强方案,从二维角度,实现时频域插值点非均匀分布的自动化确定,避免时域、频域上的局部精度损失和人工测试插值参数的麻烦。数值表明:基于上述方案的模拟结果较好地保留了非平稳实测风速的时域特性和功率谱特性;自适应时频插值方案的引入,在误差损失减小78%左右的情况下,模拟效率提高了76%左右。