Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Adsorption of Cationically Modified Starch to Fibers

The article is focused on the influence of inorganic salts on the adsorption of cationically modified starch to fibers. Results show that low concentrations of inorganic salts usually affect the process of adsorption in a positive way. Adsorption efficiency at higher concentrations, however, depends on the type of inorganic salts as well as the sequence of adding inorganic salts and starch to paper suspension.

Rheological properties of sweet potato starch before and after denaturalization

Based on the sweet potato starch,cationic starch,acetic starch and cationic-acetic compoundedly modified starch were made through chemical denaturalization.The above three kinds of static rheological parameter and dynamic rheological parameter were measured,respectively.The experimental result reveals that the thermal stability of starchy viscosity increases after chemical denaturalization.Under the condition of identical shearing rate,the shear stress of cationic-acetic ester compoundedly modified sweet potato starch paste is the largest among these kinds of sweet potato starch.This attributes to a phenomenon of shearing thinning.Furthermore,raw sweet potato starch has a larger gel intensity than that of modified starch.

STDUY ON RETENTION AND DRAINAGE PROPERTIES OF THE HIGH SUBSTITUTED DEGREE CATIONIC STARCH

This paper deals with the retention and drainage properties of the high substituted degree cationic starch (HCS) prepared by half-dry process. The experiments show that HCS has remarkable effects on filler retention and drainage in papermaking industry. With the degree of substitution (DS) of HCS increasing, the effects on filler retention and drainage increase. When the DS of HCS is 0.509 and the dosage is 0.08%, the freeness decreases about 12oSR and the filler retention is 79.82%.

Starch-based Surface-sizing Agents in Paper Industry:An Overview

Natural starch is an abundant and inexpensive polysaccharide biopolymer that is widely used as a surface-sizing agent in the paper industry.The surface sizing of paper improves its water and abrasion resistance,as well as its physical strength and printing adaptability.However,natural starch presents some disadvantages,such as high viscosity,poor fluidity,poor filmforming properties,and easy coagulation.Therefore,starch is usually modified and blended with various components to achieve better sizing performance.This article reviews approaches for the surface sizing of paper and modification of starch using enzymes or chemical methods,such as oxidation,cationization,and graft copolymerization.This article also discusses the application of starch-based multiphase systems(obtained by blending starch with various components)as surface-sizing agents.

DEGREE OF SUBSTITUTION OF THE IONIZED STARCHES AND THEIR ADHESIVE CAPACITY TO POLYESTER / COTTON FIBERS

Adhesive capacity of quaternary ammonium starch and starch phosphate to the polyester / cotton fibers was studied by means roving method for the purpose of improving the sizing performance and decreasing the cost. By introducing different amount of quaternary ammonium or phosphate groups onto starch molecules, the modified starch with a series of defferent degree of substitution was prepared. Therefore the regularity of adhesive capacity, extended property and size-absorbing ability with the change in degree of substitution (DS) was obtained through the researches. The experiments demonstrate that the DS of the two modified starches show a marked influence upon the properties mentioned above. The starch phosphate is superior to quaternary ammonium starch as warp size for polyester / cotton yarns from the viewpoint of adhesive capacity and cost, although both of them are better than natural one. To improve the adhesive capacity to polyester / cotton fibers, DS≥0.027 is necessary for quaternary ammonium

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Starch Derivatives Using One-pot Synthesis Procedure

Amphiphilic starch derivatives with high content of functional groups were prepared from potato starch using a one-pot synthesis method with a single reaction medium for the entire procedure. Potato starch was benzylated, followed by the introduction of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium(HPMA) moieties without the purification of intermediates. The synthesis was performed under heterogeneous conditions, leading to the formation of benzyl 2-hydroxypropyltri methylammonium starch chloride(BnHPMAS) with a total degree of substitution(DS) of up to 1.4. This process improved the efficiency of the preparation of amphiphilic starch derivatives and reduced the time and resources consumed by avoiding a separation process and purification of the intermediate compounds.The DS of BnHPMAS was in the range of 0.36 to 1.4, which could be tuned by varying the molar ratio of the reagents to repeating unit or by changing the reaction temperature, time, and medium. The structure of the amphiphilic starches was characterized using elemental analysis, size exclusion chromatography,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the surface tension and turbidity of the solutions of the products were measured for their potential application in the removal of dissolved and colloidal substances in paper cycling water.

Acetylation of Starch Extracted from Rejected Fruits of <i>Musa ×paradisiaca L.</i>to Obtain a Pharmaceutical Disintegrant

There are many natural sources to obtain pharmaceutical grade starch, one of which is banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.);nevertheless, the use of native starch has certain disadvantages compared to modified starches, whose disintegrating properties are better. In this study, starch extracted from rejected fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L., was modified by acetylation, under the following optimized experimental conditions: 130 mL acetic anhydride, 3 mL sodium hydroxide 50% p/v for each 15 grams of native starch, at 123℃ during 3 hours. The reaction resulted in a modified green banana starch with twice as much swelling capacity compared to unmodified (native) starch;acetylation was verified by infrared spectroscopy and degree of substitution of acetyl groups by back titration. The dissolution profiles of Ibuprofen tablets made with banana modified starch and commercial disintegrant, have no differences according with their similarity factor, f2. It is concluded that it is feasible to use green banana starch modified through acetylation as a pharmaceutical disintegrant.

Influence of Processing Variables on Some Physico-Chemical Properties and Quality of Manioc Starch-Based Adhesives

Bio-degradable cassava starch-based adhesives were produced from chemically gelatinized starch formulations. The varying combinations of process parameters applied include: concentration of gelatinization modifier, mass % borax/starch, and temperature of reaction mixture. The physico-chemical parameters for characterizing the adhesive samples were viscosity, density, pH and bonding strength. The effects of the variation of process parameters on the quality of the adhesives were assessed using response surface (central composite) designs with 2 factors, to relate the highest adhesive quality with the optimal combination of process factors. The adhesives produced using HCl as the gelatinization modifier were of a higher quality than those produced using NaOH with one of the most important quality assessment parameters which is the bond strength being 22.31 kPa at 0.01 M and 20% mass borax/starch and 11.60 kPa at 0.01 M and 8% mass borax/starch for HCl and NaOH respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the optimal temperature for the production of the adhesive was 85˚C.

APPLICATION OF CATIONIC STARCH BY DRY-PROCESS AS ANIONIC CHARGE NEUTRALIZING AGENTS TO IMPROVE FILLER RETENTION

This paper deals with the preparation of cationic starch with high degree of substitute by dry-process. The corn starch and the alkali catalyst are mixed in the mixer, then added the cationic etherifying agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride). The reacting time is for 5 hours at the temperature of 70℃. The cationic starch with high degree of substitution is used as anionic charge neutralizing agents to improve filler retention in wet-end section of papermaking machine.

未来淀粉——淀粉资源的挑战与思考

淀粉是人类活动的主要能量来源和重要的工业原辅料。然而,传统淀粉来源的植物受种植环境影响较大,土地资源有限,产量增长困难,满足不了人口增长的需要;另一方面,传统植物来源的淀粉,其结构相对固定、性能存在局限性,不能完全满足应用的需求,往往要通过结构修饰来调控其性能。化学方法是常用的结构修饰和性能调控手段,但化学反应过程带来的试剂用量受限、化工辅料残留、副产物的产生和淀粉分子中新化学基团的引入等问题,使其作为食品添加剂的使用存在安全隐患。因此,传统淀粉资源已经不能够完全满足人类可持续发展的要求,有必要开发具有“未来特点”的淀粉新资源。未来淀粉来源根据其特点可分为三类:一是将传统淀粉来源植物通过遗传育种或者基因编辑改造,实现淀粉结构的定向或定点改造,使淀粉具有特殊的应用性能;二是能够克服土地和自然环境限制、或者富含淀粉而尚未被充分开发利用的新淀粉资源等;三是不以植物和微生物为载体合成的无细胞合成新型淀粉。本文阐述了未来淀粉发展的必要性、可行性和发展趋势,以高直链淀粉、蜡质淀粉、浮萍淀粉、微藻淀粉、CO_(2)合成淀粉和多糖生物合成淀粉等为例,重点介绍了三类未来淀粉的研究现状和特点,将对未来淀粉的开发研究具有指导意义。

接枝交联双重改性淀粉IStD絮凝性能研究

以玉米淀粉(St)为原料,环氧氯丙烷(EPI)为交联剂,甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为接枝单体,两步法合成了接枝交联双重改性淀粉基絮凝剂IStD。测试了投药量、pH、高岭土质量分数、絮凝温度和絮凝时间对IStD絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,当高岭土质量分数为2%,投药质量浓度为14 mg/L,pH=7,絮凝温度为25℃,絮凝时间为1 h时,上清液的透光率可达91.7%。通过观察投药前后水体中高岭土颗粒的分散状态,初步探讨了IStD的絮凝机理。结果表明在絮凝过程中,同时存在电中和与吸附架桥作用,以电中和作用为主。当IStD和CPAM复配用于处理生活废水时,透光率和COD去除率都能达到90%以上,具有一定的实用价值。

淀粉及其改性产品对东鞍山细粒赤铁矿聚团——磁选的影响

针对东鞍山强磁选抛尾存在粒度小于20μm的微细粒铁矿物流失的问题,研究了不同种类淀粉及其改性产品对微细粒赤铁矿的选择性聚团效果,通过团聚—磁选试验确定了适宜的团聚药剂和用量,借助偏光显微镜和红外光谱等手段检测了药剂与赤铁矿和石英作用前后的形貌特征,最后通过研究高分子药剂的作用机理,论述了药剂的选择性和团聚效果。结果表明:在药剂用量为200 g/t时,交联玉米淀粉的选矿指标优于其他几种药剂,团聚药剂的加入能实现微细粒赤铁矿的选择性聚团,使铁精矿回收率提高2.13~3.94个百分点,选矿效率提高2.77~3.46个百分点,但由于赤铁矿被团聚后呈不规则絮状,在较大的聚团中会夹杂少量石英,导致磁选精矿铁品位略微降低。

磷酸酯双淀粉国内外标准比对研究

在国际贸易日益频繁的背景下,不同国家和地区对变性淀粉的质量安全指标要求存在差异。本文以磷酸酯双淀粉为例,比对分析了我国与联合国粮食农业组织与世界卫生组织的委员会(Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives,JECFA)、欧盟、美国、日本和韩国等主要贸易区域或国家的相关标准技术指标及检测方法的异同,为变性淀粉的国际贸易提供技术支撑。

聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的制备及表征

以糯玉米淀粉为原料、异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在丙交酯熔融体系中制备了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉。建立了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉取代度的^(1)HNMR测试方法,以取代度为响应值,反应时间、反应温度、丙交酯添加量为考察因素,通过单因素和响应面实验优化了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的合成工艺,得到最优工艺为:反应时间12.46 h,反应温度111.75℃,丙交酯添加量为淀粉质量的258%,预测最大取代度为0.0253,通过实际操作条件调整后实际取代度为0.0238。对最优条件下制备的聚乳酸改性淀粉进行了系列表征,证实聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的颗粒结构没有被完全破坏,晶型、相对分子质量等性能优于溶剂法传统技术制备的聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉。

复合酶法改性淀粉的研究进展

酶法改性特异性强、反应副产物和副反应少,酶分子可以通过改变淀粉分子的结构或直链淀粉含量、链长、分支数量等,使其物化特性发生改变。淀粉酶种类不同,作用于淀粉分子的作用效果也不同,该文重点综述几种常见的淀粉酶作用于淀粉分子改变其结构、淀粉分子链长或直链淀粉/支链淀粉比值,进而对其结构、理化性质产生的影响,讨论几种淀粉酶复合改性淀粉的作用机理及改性淀粉在工业上的应用,以期为研究复合酶改性淀粉提供理论参考。

木薯淀粉和改性淀粉结构特性及其与粉圆品质的关系

【目的】粉圆市场需求量日益增加,探究不同淀粉对粉圆品质的影响,明确淀粉结构特性与粉圆品质的关系,为高品质粉圆的产品开发提供理论依据。【方法】以市售的3种木薯淀粉和2种木薯改性淀粉(羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯淀粉、醋酸酯淀粉)为原料制作粉圆,分析淀粉的粒径、直链淀粉含量、膨胀度、溶解度、热力学特性和冻融稳定性差异,以及粉圆的质构特性,并对淀粉结构特性与粉圆的质构特性进行相关性分析。【结果】不同木薯淀粉和改性淀粉的粒径、膨胀度和溶解度存在显著差异(P<0.05),改性淀粉的粒径离散度(1.17~1.27)、膨胀度(30.48%~30.91%)显著高于木薯淀粉(粒径离散度0.89~1.08、膨胀度24.60%~26.38%)。淀粉的离散度、膨胀度与粉圆的硬度、咀嚼性具有显著负相关性(P<0.05),淀粉的溶解度与粉圆的粘性具有显著正相关性(P<0.05)。5种淀粉的热力学特性与冻融稳定性同样存在显著差异(P<0.05),改性淀粉的初始凝胶温度(55.45~59.90℃)和析水率显著低于木薯淀粉的初始凝胶温度(63.80~65.00℃)和析水率。淀粉的凝胶温度、焓变和析水率与粉圆的硬度、咀嚼性具有显著正相关性(P<0.05)。【结论】不同品牌木薯淀粉的粒度分布离散度、膨胀度和冻融稳定性与粉圆的硬度和咀嚼性具有显著相关性。3种木薯淀粉中,以TPK木薯淀粉制作的粉圆品质最好;改性淀粉具有较高的膨胀度和冻融稳定性,能降低粉圆的硬度和咀嚼性,具有抗老化效果,适合用于速冻粉圆和免煮速冻粉圆加工。

不同直链含量酯化淀粉的合成与性能

以甲酸为酯化剂,分别按一定比例与3种具有不同支链含量的天然淀粉混合,制备得到3种酯化淀粉——木薯酯化淀粉(EM)、玉米酯化淀粉(EN)和蜡质酯化淀粉(EW),借助傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、广角X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TG)等仪器对天然淀粉与酯化淀粉的结构性能表征分析;并进一步研究了不同直链含量的热塑性酯化淀粉与PBS共混后力学性能的改变。实验分析表明,淀粉酯化后显现疏水特性,且随直链淀粉含量的增加,疏水性增强。淀粉晶体结构被酯化淀粉破坏,结晶度与直链淀粉含量成正比,热损失率与支链淀粉含量成正比,具体为EM(237℃)>EN(235℃)>EW(231℃)。分子间的氢键相互作用降低,提高了淀粉的热塑性,且支链淀粉含量高的酯化淀粉塑化效果好。

聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉酶解产物的结构解析

该文通过考察不同淀粉酶对聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉还原糖含量的影响,得到最优组合酶解方法:异淀粉酶酶解10 h+普鲁兰酶酶解10 h+α-淀粉酶酶解10 h+β-淀粉酶酶解12 h。将组合酶解产物以环己烷提取,核磁共振氢谱结果表明,含有乳酸基团的碳水化合物能被有效提取富集,且与未取代的碳水化合物实现分离;质谱分析证明,聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉主要由乳酸酯和二聚乳酸酯所构成。该研究探索建立了有效的分离和解析方法,促进了对淀粉酯精细结构的科学认识。

丙酸酯化-叔胺化淀粉浆料的制备及其黏附性能

为改善淀粉浆料的黏附性能,以提升淀粉浆料对经纱的上浆质量,以丙酸酐(PA)为酯化剂,二甲氨基氯乙烷盐酸盐(DMC-HCl)为叔胺醚化剂,采用固定PA用量及改变DMC-HCl用量的方式,以水为介质,在弱碱性和低温条件下,对酸解淀粉(AHS)进行丙酸酯化-叔胺化处理,制备出一系列具有不同总取代度的丙酸酯化-叔胺化淀粉(PTAS)。对其进行化学结构表征、元素分析、颗粒形貌观察分析以及取代度测定,并对其与涤纶、涤/棉与棉粗纱间黏附性,以及浆液表面张力进行考察。结果表明:固定PA对AHS质量分数为4.63%、改变DMC-HCl用量为10~40 g,可制备出丙酸酯化程度为0.030、叔胺化程度为0.010~0.035的PTAS样品;化学结构表征与元素分析结合证实了PTAS的成功制备,PTAS颗粒仍保持颗粒态形貌,但部分颗粒表面产生损伤;这种复合变性能够明显改善淀粉对涤纶、棉纤维的黏附性能,提升淀粉浆液的表面活性,表现为PTAS对涤纶、涤/棉及棉3种粗纱的黏合力均明显高于AHS,表面张力明显低于后者;随着PTAS总取代度的增加,其表面张力逐渐降低、黏合力逐渐增大、对棉纤维黏附性的提升优于对涤纶纤维。