Establishment of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula using a modified magnetic compression technique in rabbits and its postmodeling evaluation

BACKGROUND Previous studies have validated the efficacy of both magnetic compression and surgical techniques in creating rabbit tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF)models.Magnetic compression achieves a 100%success rate but requires more time,while surgery,though less frequently successful,offers rapid model establishment and technical maturity in larger animal models.AIM To determine the optimal approach for rabbit disease modeling and refine the process.METHODS TEF models were created in 12 rabbits using both the modified magnetic compression technique and surgery.Comparisons of the time to model establishment,success rate,food and water intake,weight changes,activity levels,bronchoscopy findings,white blood cell counts,and biopsies were performed.In response to the failures encountered during modified magnetic compression modeling,we increased the sample size to 15 rabbit models and assessed the repeatability and stability of the models,comparing them with the original magnetic compression technique.RESULTS The modified magnetic compression technique achieved a 66.7%success rate,whereas the success rate of the surgery technique was 33.3%.Surviving surgical rabbits might not meet subsequent experimental requirements due to TEF-related inflammation.In the modified magnetic compression group,one rabbit died,possibly due to magnet corrosion,and another died from tracheal magnet obstruction.Similar events occurred during the second round of modified magnetic compression modeling,with one rabbit possibly succumbing to aggravated lung infection.The operation time of the first round of modified magnetic compression was 3.2±0.6 min,which was significantly reduced to 2.1±0.4 min in the second round,compared to both the first round and that of the original technique.CONCLUSION The modified magnetic compression technique exhibits lower stress responses,a simple procedure,a high success rate,and lower modeling costs,making it a more appropriate choice for constructing TEF models in rabbits.

Ultra-precision alignment technique based on modified Moiré signals

A novel method for automatic ultra-precision alignment is presented.This method relies on the modified Moiré technique,and alignment marks are used in the form of gratings.The modified Moiré technique can effectively improve detecting sensitivity of signals and simplify the control system by using only one pair of laser-Moiré sensors.We present the mathematical model and simulation results of diffracting two gratings.The effect of various parameters on Moiré signals is studied theoretically and experimentally,and the results are found to be consistent.A computer controlled alignment device using one pair of Moiré sensors is designed.The device can achieve a fully automatic precision alignment by the modified Moiré signal.The experimental result shows that the alignment device can obtain the resolution of 5 nm and the positioning accuracy of ±0 5 μm.

Upper bound solution for supporting pressure acting on shallow tunnel based on modified tangential technique

Based on the nonlinear failure criterion and the upper bound theorem, the modified tangential technique method was proposed to derive the expression of supporting pressure acting on shallow tunnel. Instead of the same stress state, different normal stresses on element boundaries were used. In order to investigate the influence of different factors on supporting pressures, the failure mechanism was established. The solution of supporting pressure, with different parameters, was obtained by optimization theory. The corresponding failure mechanism and numerical results were presented. In comparison with the results using the single tangential technique method, it is found that the proposed method is effective, and the good agreement shows that the present solution of supporting pressure is reliable.

Advanced Transformation Technique to Solve Multi-Objective Optimization Problems

Multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) is an important class of optimization problem that ensures users to model a large variety of real world applications. In this paper an advanced transformation technique has been proposed to solve MOOP. An algorithm is suggested and the computer application of algorithm has been demonstrated by a flow chart. This method is comparatively easy to calculate. Applying on different types of examples, the result indicates that the proposed method gives better solution than other methods and it is less time consuming. Physical presentation and data analysis represent the worth of the method more compactly.

Application of Modified Extended Tanh Technique for Solving Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation Considering Kerr Law Nonlinearity

The purpose of this work is to find new soliton solutions of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation(GLE)with Kerr law non-linearity.The considered equation is an imperative nonlinear partial differential equation(PDE)in the field of physics.The applications of complex GLE can be found in optics,plasma and other related fields.The modified extended tanh technique with Riccati equation is applied to solve the Complex GLE.The results are presented under a suitable choice for the values of parameters.Figures are shown using the three and two-dimensional plots to represent the shape of the solution in real,and imaginary parts in order to discuss the similarities and difference between them.The graphical representation of the results depicts the typical behavior of soliton solutions.The obtained soliton solutions are of different forms,such as,hyperbolic and trigonometric functions.The results presented in this paper are novel and reported first time in the literature.Simulation results establish the validity and applicability of the suggested technique for the complex GLE.The suggested method with symbolic computational software such as,Mathematica and Maple,is proven as an effective way to acquire the soliton solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)as well as complex PDEs.

Modified surgical techniques in total en bloc spondylectomy for thoracic and lumbar tumors with a single posterior approach

Objective To investigate the operation key points,instrument improvement and shortterm effects in total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) via a single posterior approach for thoracic and lumbar tumors.Methods A series of modified

A modified technique for the repair of secondary unilateral cleft nasal deformity

Objective To investigate the effect of a modified technique for reparing secondary unilateral cleft nasal deformity. Methods Nasal alar cartilage was explosed through dish - like incision,and base of naris was cut to loosening and replacing the orbicularis oris,releasing

To investigate the clinical effect of modified closed negative pressure suction technique combined with flap transplantation on the treatment of deep chronic refractory wounds

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of modified closed negative pressure suction technique combined with flap transplantation on the treatment of deep chronic refractory wounds.Methods:During March of 2015 to April of 2018,52 cases of patients with deep chronic refractory wounds were selected as research objects.They were divided into the control group and the treatment group by use of the random number table method,with 26 cases in each group.Among them,the control group was given conventional debridement combined with flap reconstruction,and the treatment group was treated with modified closed negative pressure suction technique combined with flap transplantation to observe the clinical effect.Results:(1)According to the analysis on the effect of flap transplantation,the excellent and good rate of the treatment group was 92.3%,and in the control group,it was 76.9%(p<0.05).(2)According to the statistics,the incidence of complications in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group(p<0.05).Conclusions:Modified closed negative pressure suction technique combined with flap transplantation has a good effect on the treatment of deep chronic refractory wounds with fewer complications.

The clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection

Objective To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection. Methods From January 2006 to October 2010,101 cases of DeBakeyⅠaortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique,in which emergencey surgery were performed on 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25

Ectoparasites and other invertebrates in the nests of the Hair-crested Drongo (Dicrurus hottentottus)

Ectoparasites and other invertebrates are known to play a role in bird behavior and in evolutionary adaptations such as preening and foraging strategies. We conducted an exploratory study by macro- and microscopically evaluating the nests of Hair-crested Drongos(Dicrurus hottentottus) at Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China in 2011 to determine if there was a presence of invertebrates. We developed a modified funneling technique to collect invertebrate samples and reduce contamination from outside sources in a field setting. We found several species of ectoparasites(lice and ticks) and other invertebrates(springtails and rove beetles) within the nests. Our findings warrant further investigation as to whether or not the presence of invertebrates in the nests of Hair-crested Drongos plays a role in the adaptation of the unique nest dismantling behavior exhibited by this species.

Optimal design of functionally graded Pm PV/CNT nanocomposite cylindrical tube for purpose of torque transmission

Carbon nanotube(CNT)/polymer nanocomposites have vast application in industry because of their light mass and high strength. In this work, a cylindrical tube which is made up of functionally graded(FG) PmP V/CNT nanocomposite, is optimally designed for the purpose of torque transmission. The main confining parameters of a rotating shaft in torque transmission process are mass of the shaft, critical speed of rotation and critical buckling torque. It is required to solve a multi-objective optimization problem(MOP) to consider these three targets simultaneously in the process of design. The three-objective optimization problem for this case is defined and solved using a hybrid method of FEM and modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II), by coupling two softwares, MATLAB and ABAQUS. Optimization process provides a set of non-dominated optimal design vectors. Then, two methods, nearest to ideal point(NIP) and technique for ordering preferences by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS), are employed to choose trade-off optimum design vectors. Optimum parameters that are obtained from this work are compared with the results of previous studies for similar cylindrical tubes made from composite or a hybrid of aluminum and composite that more than 20% improvement is observed in all of the objective functions.

A modified fixation technique for the treatment of buried penis in children

For many years,surgical treatment of buried penis in children has been researched by several scholars,and numerous methods exist.This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of a modified fixation technique in treating buried penis in children.Clinical data of 94 patients with buried penis who were treated using the modified penile fixation technique from March 2017 to February 2019 in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital(Fuzhou,China)were retrospectively collected,compared,and analyzed.Clinical data of 107 patients with buried penis who were treated using traditional penile fixation technique from February 2014 to February 2017 were chosen for comparison.The results showed that at 6 months and 12 months after surgery,the penile lengths in the modified penile fixation group were longer than those in the traditional penile fixation group(both P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative skin contracture and penile retraction in the modified penile fixation group was less than that in the traditional penile fixation group(P=0.034 and P=0.012,respectively).When the two groups were compared in terms of parents'satisfaction scores,the scores for penile size,penile morphology,and voiding status in the modified penile fixation group were higher than those in the traditional penile fixation group at 2-week,6-month,and 12-month follow-ups after surgery(all P<0.05).We concluded that the modified penile fixation technique could effectively reduce the incidence of skin contracture and penile retraction and improve the penile length and satisfaction of patients'parents.

Development of an assessment and intervention protocol for postpartum hemorrhage in the mainland of China: an evidence-based method and Delphi consult

Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage(PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death. Although guidelines have been updated, those with detailed protocols are limited for nursing practice. This study aims at establishing an early assessment and intervention protocol as a toolkit for PPH for midwives and obstetrical nurses.Methods: Employing the evidence-based method, a systematic Internet search of guidelines was conducted and appraisal of literatures was conducted with AGREE system and Oxman-Guyatt Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire(OQAQ), according to which a protocol draft was therefore developed. Then, a two-round modified Delphi method was utilized to reach a consensus of the protocol built on best practices. Selection criteria for each intervention measure included consensus level with a threshold of 70%, mean of importance(M) >3.5, and coefficient of variation(CV) <0.25. Reliability of experts' opinion was calculated by positive coefficient and authoritative coefficient. Items without consistency were enlisted in the second-round consult. When all items met the selection criteria, the protocol would be finally formulated.Results: A 122-measure protocol was established, including prevention, assessment, and intervention of PPH. With a panel of 14 experts participated in the consult, the positivity coefficient was 0.93 and 1.00 for two rounds, respectively, and the authority coefficient was 0.88. After a two-round consult and revision of the draft, the final program was formulated, containing 5 first-level indexes and 14 second-level indexes with a total item of 120.Conclusions: The PPH protocol, based on high-quality evidences, was formulated with a two-round Delphi method, which can provide insight for midwives and obstetrical nurses to effectively deal with PPH.

MODIFIED DISSECTION OF SUBPECTORAL SPACE FOR BETTER AESTHETICAL AUGMENTED BREAST

Objective To reconstruct an augmented breast that resembles a virginal one that is difficult to be achieved by the traditional technique. Methods We modified the dissection of the subpectoral space by extending it over the sternum edge 1cm medially and beyond the breast crease 2cm inferiorly, yet keeping strictly the upper border of the space on the third rib and the lateral border on the anterior axillary line. Results All 50 patients were satisfied with their augmented breasts which nearly resembled the virginal ones. Conclusion Our modified dissection enabled the mammary implant to stay in the position where it originally was and not be pushed upward and laterally by the pectoral muscle contraction as usually seen by the traditional technique.

A Modified Paving Approach and Automatic Mesh Grading Method to Quadrilateral Mesh Generation

A modified paving technique for automatic generation of all-quadrilateral mesh fromarbitrary 2-D geometry is presented. The generated mesh elementS are nearly square andperpendicular to boundaries. Aner the nodes and elementS formation is completed. a fully automaticgrading method is applied to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering analysis. In thispaper, we mainly describe the theory of mathematical algorithm and present some examples ofautomatically generated mesh.

Low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor using modified pulse-reference-based compensation technique

We modify the pulse-reference-based compensation technique and propose a low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor based on a zinc telluride film-coated fiber tip. The system noise is measured to be 0.0005 dB, which makes it possible for the detection of the minor reflectivity change of the film at different temperatures. The temperature sensitivity is 0.0034 d B/℃, so the resolution can achieve 0.2℃. The maximum difference of the temperature output values of the sensor at 20℃ at different points in time is 0.39℃. The low cost, ultra-small size, high stability, and good repeatability of the sensor make it a promising temperature sensing device for practical application.

S-shaped reverse sural flap for reconstruction of tissue defect on heel

Traumatic limb injury is a prevalent lesion in Iran. Motorcycle accidents are responsible for most of these traumatic lesions. Despite various reported techniques, the coverage of the Achilles tendon, malleoli, ankle and heel is still daunting and demanding procedure. S-shaped reverse sural flap is a modified technique of reconstruction. In this report of 6 patients underwent surgical reconstruction by this modified technique we discuss about the technique as a simple and safe technique with low morbidity rate and recommend using this technique in complex injuries.

On the Equivalent Keys in Multivariate Cryptosystems

The number of equivalent keys in multivariate cryptosystem is closely related to the scheme security. This study analyzes the structure of the private key space in some multivariate schemes. The result gives the lower bounds on the number of equivalent keys of some variants of the hidden field equation （HFE） scheme including plus, minus-plus, embedding, and internal perturbation. This method estimates the number of invertible transformations which maintain the form of the central map invariant. Furthermore,a formal proof shows that the two modifications of fixing and embedding are equivalent in security analyses of multivariate schemes. Also this paper corrects previous proofs in Wolf’s work on the number of equivalent keys in HFEv,the unbalanced oil and vinegar （UOV） scheme, and the stepwise triangular systems （STS）.