Does the molecular classification of breast cancer point the way for biomarker identification in prostate cancer?

There is significant variation in clinical outcome between patients diagnosed with prostate cancer(Ca P). Although useful, statistical nomograms and risk stratification tools alone do not always accurately predict an individual's need for and response to treatment. The factors that determine this variation are not fully elucidated. In particular, cellular response to androgen ablation and subsequent paracrine/autocrine adaptation is poorly understood and despite best therapies, median survival in castrate resistant patients is only approximately 35 mo. We propose that one way of understanding this is to look for correlates in other comparable malignancies, such as breast cancer, where markers of at least 4 distinct gene clusters coding for 4 different phenotypic subtypes have been identified. These subtypes have been shown to demonstrate prognostic significance and successfully guide appropriate treatment regimens. In this paper we assess and review the evidence demonstrating parallels in the biology and treatment approach between breast and Ca P, and consider the feasibility of patients with Ca P being stratified into different molecular classes that could be used to complement prostate specific antigen and histological grading for clinical decision making. We show that there are significant correlations between the molecular classification of breast and Ca P and explain how techniques used successfully to predict response to treatment in breast cancer can be applied to the prostate. Molecular phenotyping is possible in Ca P and identification of distinct subtypes may allow personalised risk stratification way beyond that currently available.

Comprehensive understanding of glioblastoma molecular phenotypes:classification,characteristics,and transition

Among central nervous system-associated malignancies,glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and has the highest mortality rate.The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide.In precision medicine,research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity,as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy.Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical.Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes.The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors.These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways,oncogene expression,tumor microenvironment alterations,and differential responses to standard therapy.Herein,we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype.Furthermore,we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators.

Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Strains Responsible of Bovine Tuberculosis Cases in Bobo-Dioulasso Slaughterhouse, Burkina Faso

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.

Classification of musical hallucinations and the characters along with neural-molecular mechanisms of musical hallucinations associated with psychiatric disorders

BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of MH.Over the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH.Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions.An up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.AIM To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of MH.METHODS Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies.The t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups.Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.RESULTS Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were collected.The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms.Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.CONCLUSION We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies.For the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view.

DNA Molecular Identification of Botanical Origin in Chinese Herb Qingjiao

[Objective] The research aimed to distinguish Chinese herb Qingjiao from its botanical origin plants by comparing different DNA sequences,so as to provide a molecular basis for origin identification and quality evaluation.[Method] The cpDNA psbA-trnH and nrDNA ITS sequences of five Chinese herb Qingjiao plants,including Gentiana macrophylla pall.,Gentiana straminea Maxim.,Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.,Gentiana dahurica Fisch and Gentiana officinalis H.Smith,were amplified with PCR,and then sequenced by direct PCR sequencing method for homologous analysis.[Results] The length of cpDNA psbA-trnH of five plants was 316-318 bp;there were seven different haplotypes and seven variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 21.2%;the phylogenetic clustering showed the same result as haplotype analysis.The length of nrDNA ITS sequence of five plants was 624-625 bp,there were five different haplotypes and 13 variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 59.3%.The result of phylogenetic clustering suggested that G.dahurica and G.straminea,G.macrophylla and G.officinalis clustered together as sister clades,respectively.[Conclusion] The nucleotide differences of nrDNA ITS regions could be used for distinguishing botanical origin in Chinese herb Qingjiao.

DNA Extraction and Molecular Identification of Green Tea

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide reference for the quality identification of green tea.[Method] Green Tea was used as materials,and its total DNA was extracted through improved CTAB method.And the obtained DNA was used to carry out identification on 10 varieties of green tea through ISSR molecular markers.[Result] The high quality DNA from green tea could be obtained with new method,the DNA yield ranged from 101-498 μg/g tea sample for various green tea samples,and the average yield was 249 μg/g tea sample.The ISSR detection result showed that ISSR markers could effectively differentiate different varieties of green tea.[Conclusion] The result had provided reference for the further study on molecular identification of green tea.

New therapeutic options opened by the molecular classification of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most lethal and aggressive cancers, being the third cause of cancer related death worldwide. Even with radical gastrectomy and the latest generation of molecular chemotherapeutics, the numbers of recurrence and mortality remains high. This is due to its biological heterogeneity based on the interaction between multiple factors, from genomic to environmental factors, diet or infections with various pathogens. Therefore, understanding the molecular characteristics at a genomic level is critical to develop new treatment strategies. Recent advances in GC molecular classification provide the unique opportunity to improve GC therapy by exploiting the biomarkers and developing novel targeted therapy specific to each subtype. This article highlights the molecular characteristics of each subtype of gastric cancer that could be considered in shaping a therapeutic decision, and also presents the completed and ongoing clinical trials addressed to those targets. The implementation of the novel molecular classification system will allow a preliminary patient selection for clinical trials, a mandatory issue if it is desired to test the efficacy of a certain inhibitor to the given target. This will represent a substantial advance as well as a powerful tool for targeted therapy. Nevertheless, translating the scientific results into new personalized treatment opportunities is needed in order to improve clinical care, the survival and quality of life of patients with GC.

Identification and Purity Test of Super Hybrid Rice with SSR Molecular Markers

Five super hybrid rice combinations, i.e. HYS-1/R105, Pei'ai 64S/E32, Liangyoupeijiu (Pei'ai 64S/9311), 88S/0293, and J23A/Q611, and their parental lines were tested by means of SSR analysis. A total of 144 SSR primer pairs distributed on 12 rice chromosomes were used, out of which 47 detected polymorphism among the tested rice lines. Among all these primers, RM337 and RM154 produced polymorphic patterns in four or more of the tested experimental materials respectively, and they could distinguish among most rice genotypes tested. Twenty-four primer pairs, two on each rice chromosome, were selected to make a reference SSR marker-based fingerprinting for the rice lines. For most of the primer pairs, F1 hybrids mainly showed complementary pattern of both parents, which could be very useful to distinguish the F1 from its parental lines. In addition, 5 primer pairs were selected as special primer pairs for five hybrid rice combinations respectively. By combining the rapid, simple method on DNA extraction, it is suggested that SSR technique has wide prospective in variety authentication and purity identification.

Emerging molecular classifications and therapeutic implications for gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC) is a highly aggressive and life-threatening malignancy.Even with radical surgical removal and front-line chemotherapy,more than half of GCs locally relapse and metastasize at a distant site.The dismal outcomes reflect the ineffectiveness of a one-size fits-all approach for a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse etiological causes and complex molecular underpinnings.The recent comprehensive genomic and molecular profiling has led to our deepened understanding of GC.The emerging molecular classification schemes based on the genetic,epigenetic,and molecular signatures are providing great promise for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies in a more personalized and precise manner.To this end,the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) research network conducted a comprehensive molecular evaluation of primary GCs and proposed a new molecular classification dividing GCs into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors,microsatellite unstable tumors,genomically stable tumors,and tumors with chromosomal instability.This review primarily focuses on the TCGA molecular classification of GCs and discusses the implications on novel targeted therapy strategies.We believe that these fundamental findings will support the future application of targeted therapies and will guide our efforts to develop more efficacious drugs to treat human GCs.

Molecular classifications of gastric cancers: Novel insights and possible future applications

Despite some notable advances in the systemic management of gastric cancer(GC), the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains overall poor and their chance of cure is anecdotic. In a molecularly selected population, a median overall survival of 13.8 mo has been reached with the use of human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2) inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy, which has soon after become the standard of care for patients with HER2-overexpressing GC. Moreover, oncologists have recognized the clinical utility of conceiving cancers as a collection of different molecularlydriven entities rather than a single disease. Several molecular drivers have been identified as having crucial roles in other tumors and new molecular classifications have been recently proposed for gastric cancer as well. Not only these classifications allow the identification of different tumor subtypes with unique features, but also they serve as springboard for the development of different therapeutic strategies. Hopefully, the application of standard systemic chemotherapy, specifictargeted agents, immunotherapy or even surgery in specific cancer subgroups will help maximizing treatment outcomes and will avoid treating patients with minimal chance to respond, therefore diluting the average benefit. In this review, we aim at elucidating the aspects of GC molecular subtypes, and the possible future applications of such molecular analyses.

Molecular identification and culture observation on Acrochaete leptochaete (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Acrochaete leptochaete （Huber） Nielsen （Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta） was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions were used to ascertain the morphological identification of the isolated material. Based on the unialgal culture, asexual reproduction and growth characteristics of A. leptochaete were investigated over wide ranges of temperature and irradiance. Results revealed that asexual reproduction of A. leptochaete could be realized by biflagellate zoospores. The zoospores germinated directly to give self- replicating generations. Zoospore germination was bipolar. A temperature range from 13-21 ℃ and a lower irradiance of 36 μmol/（m2.s） were most favorable for the growth ofA. leptochaete. Thallus organization, an important taxonomic criterion for the genus Acrochaete, was affected markedly by temperature and irradiance. Our results extend the knowledge about the species＇ general biology and its morphological plasticity. For classification and identification of a simple microphytic algae like A. leptochaete, which are traditionally placed in the class Chaetophoraceae, we propose that molecular tools associated with culture observations are applied.

Identification and molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Larimichthys crocea titin

This study aimed to identify novel ACEI peptides from Larimichthys crocea titin using in silico approaches and to clarify the molecular interaction mechanism.The hydrolyzed peptides of titin were compared with known ACEI peptides in the AHTPDB and BIOPEP-UWM database.Furthermore,peptides were evaluated for their solubility,ADMET properties,ΔG(kcal/mol)values,and in vitro ACEI activity.Molecular mechanism of ACE-peptide was performed by molecular interactions and binding orientation study.The results revealed that IC50 values of Trp-Ala-Arg(WAR)and Trp-Gln-Arg(WQR)were(31.2±0.8)and(231.33±0.02)mol/L,respectively.The docking interactions result suggested that ACE-WAR and ACEWQR complexes have same binding site,including the residues LYS511,TYR520,TYR523,HIS353,and HIS513.Molecular docking of two tripeptides WAR and WQR with ACE studies predicted their binding site and clarified the interaction between ACE and its inhibitors.The molecular docking data are consistent with the ACE inhibitory activity of the studied peptides.The results showed that Larimichthys crocea titin may be a valuable source for developing nutraceutical food.

Molecular genetic strategies for species identification

This paper probes into the molecular genetic mechanism of the formation of species, subspecies and variety in evolving progression, and brings forward 5 criteria of an ideal strategy in species identification: stating the specific characteristics at species, subspecies and variety level without any interference of too high polymorphism at individual or population level; keys should be distributed as 0 or 1, e. g. yes or no; satisfying repeatability and simple operation; high veracity and reliability; adaptability to widely various specimen. Respectively, this paper reviews two strategies focusing on detecting the fragment length polymorphism and base replacement and lays out some detail methods under above strategies. It demonstrates that it is not possible to solve all species problems by pursuing identification with only a single gene or DNA fragment. Only based on thorough consideration of all strategies, a method or combined several methods could bring satisfying reliability. For advanced focuses, it requires not only development and optimization of methods under above strategies, but also new originality of creative strategies.

Epidemiological situation and molecular identification of cercarial stage in freshwater snails in Chao-Phraya Basin, Central Thailand

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of cercarial trematode infection in snails and to examine the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationship to explain the molecular system of cercarial stage trematodes to estimate the infection rate of in the definite host from the Chao-Phraya Basin.Methods: The snails were collected from 10 provinces of the Chao-Phraya Basin,Thailand by stratified sampling method. The snails were examined for cercarial infection by the crushing method. All DNA specimens were amplified with internal transcribed spacer 3(ITS3) and ITS4 primer based on PCR technique. The sequence data were aligned and used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means with 10 000 bootstraps.Results: The overall rate of cercarial infection was found to be 5.90%(122/2 067). Snails in the family Thiaridae were found to be in the highest prevalence followed by Lymnaeidae, Bithyniidae, Planorbidae, Viviparidae, and Ampullariidae, respectively, while the Buccinidae family(Clea helena) did not reveal any infections. The frequently found species of cercariae were parapleurolophocercous cercariae, cercariae and megarulous cercariae. The monophyletic tree separated the snails into five groups comprised of Heterophyidae, Strigeidae, Lecithodendriidae, Philophthalmidae and Echinostomatidae using the sequence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as an out-group.Conclusions: This study was the first to report on cercarial infection in the Chao-Phraya Basin, Thailand. This revealed that a high variety of freshwater snails were infected by cercariae stage trematodes with a high prevalence. The sequence data of ITS2 can be used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of trematodes at the family level and in each clade of different families separated by the definitive hosts.

Establishment of a molecular tool for blood meal identification in Malaysia

Objective:To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique based on cytochrome b {cytb) gene of mitochondria DNA(mtDNA) for blood meal identification.Methods:The PCR technique was established based on published information and validated using blood sample of laboratory animals of which their whole gene sequences are available in CenBank.PCR was next performed to compile gene sequences of different species of wild rodents.The primers used were complementary to the conserved region of the cytb gene of vertebrate's mtDNA.A total of 100 blood samples,both from laboratory animals and wild rodents were collected und analyzed.The obtained unknown sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database using BLAST program to identify the vertebrate animal species.Results:Gene sequences of 11 species of wild animals caught in 9 localities of Peninsular Malaysia were compiled using the established PCR. The animals involved were Rattus(rattus) tanezumi,Rattus tiomanicus,Leopoldamys sabanus, Tupaia glis,Tupaia minor,Niviventor cremoriventor,Rhinosciurus laticaudatus,Calloseiurus caniseps,Sundamys muelleri,Rattus rajah,and Maxomys whitelwadi.The BLAST results confirmed the host with exact or nearly exact matches(>89%identity).Ten new gene sequences have been deposited in CenBank database since September 2010.Conclusions:This study indicates that the PCR direct sequencing system using universal primer sets for vertebrate cytb gene is a promising technique for blood meal identification.

Molecular Identification and Cultivar Fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Germplasms

[Objective] The aim was to study the molecular identification and cultivar fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch germplasms.[Method] Sixty peach genotypes,representing China common local cultivars and European samples were screened by microsatellites (simple sequence repeats,SSRs) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.[Result] 26 reproducible bands were amplified by Nine SSR primers,and 24 of which were polymorphic; 236 bands were amplified by 30 ISSR primers,and 113 of which were polymorphic.31 genotypes were discriminated with 1-3 distinct polymorphic bands generated from the primers ISSR and SSR.Seven cultivar-specific ISSR fragments and two SSR unique alleles obtained from this study were available to be converted into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers.The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) estimated from these molecular data averaged were 0.939 (ranged from 0.856 to 0.983) for ISSR and 0.646 (ranged from 0.240 to 1.000) for SSR,respectively.The combined grouping association indicated that most local Chinese peach cultivars and exotic accessions were clustered together.This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the peach cultivars involving limited foundation germplasm,exchange of cultivars between plantations,and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.[Conclusion] The results obtained in this work would help to improve the conservation,molecular identification and management of peach germplasm in breeding.

Identification of the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on molecular and isotopic characterization from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas

Samples of suspended particulate matters （SPMs）, surface sediment and road dust were collected from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas, coastal rivers, and central Shanghai. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in the USEPA priority-controlled list by GC-MS. The compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of the individual PAHs were also analyzed by GC-C-IRMS. The sources of PAHs in the SPMs and surface sediments in the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas were then identified using multiple source identification techniques that integrated molecular mass indices with organic compound-specific stable isotopes. The results revealed that 3-ring and 4-ring PAH compounds were dominant in the SPMs and surface sediments, which are similar to the PAH compounds found in samples from the Wusong sewage discharge outlet, Shidongkou sewage disposal plant, Huangpu River, coastal rivers and central Shanghai. Principal component analysis （PCA） integrated with molecular mass indices indicated that gasoline, diesel, coal and wood combustion and petroleum-derived residues were the main sources of PAHs in the Yangtze Estuary. The use of PAH compound-specific stable isotopes also enabled identification of the PAHs input pathways. PAHs derived from wood and coal combustion and petroleum-derived residues were input into the Yangtze Estuary and nearby coastal areas by coastal rivers, sewage discharge outlets during the dry season and urban storm water runoff during the flood season. PAHs derived from vehicle emissions primarily accumulated in road dust from urban traffic lines and the commercial district and then entered the coastal area via the northwest prevailing winds in the dry season and storm water runoff during flood season.

The Utility of Specific Markers Based on ITS2 Sequences for Molecular Identification and Detection of Trichogramma spp.

The technology based on specific PCR amplification using internal transcribed spacer 2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA for molecular identification and detection of Trichogramma species was studied. Firstly the ITS2s of six Trichogramma species were cloned and sequenced, and the interspecific sequence variation was analyzed. Secondly the ITS2 regions of six geographical populations of T. dendrolimi were cloned and sequenced, and the intraspecific sequence identity was analyzed. The results show that the interspecific variation and intraspecific similarity of ITS2 sequences are very suitable for designation of specific primers at species-level. Screening of specific primers for T. dendrolimi leads to final sensitive and stable diagnostic primers. This system lets non-specialists can not only identify adults (males and females), but also identify eggs in parasitized hosts rapidly and accurately, which is impossible by conventional methods. Further development of this protocol can create a complete set of specific primers for different species of the whole genus Trichogramma .

Gastric cancer molecular classification based on immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization:Analysis in western patients after curative-intent surgery

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subgroups.However,the costs and technical complexity of molecular methodologies remains an obstacle to its adoption,and their clinical significance by other approaches needs further evidence.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival of GC based on the subgroups of molecular classification by immunohistochemistry(IHC)and in situ hybridization(ISH).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy between 2009 and 2016 in a Western cohort of GC patients treated with curative intent.Microsatellite instability(MSI)status,E-cadherin,and p53 expression were analyzed by IHC,and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)by ISH.Tissue microarrays were constructed for analysis.Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of GC were evaluated according to subtypes defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Research Network Group and Asian Cancer Research Group(ACRG)classification systems.RESULTS A total of 287 GC patients were included.Based on IHC and ISH analysis,five profiles were defined as follows:E-cadherin aberrant(9.1%),MSI(20.9%),p53 aberrant(36.6%),EBV positivity(10.5%),and p53 normal(31%),which corresponded to tumors that showed no alteration in another profile.A flowchart according to the TCGA and ACRG classifications were used to define the subtypes,where clinical and pathological characteristics associated with GC subtypes were evidenced.Proximal location(P<0.001),total gastrectomy(P=0.001),and intense inflammatory infiltrate(P<0.001)were characteristics related to EBV subtype.MSI subtype was predominantly associated with advanced age(P=0.017)and the presence of comorbidities(P=0.011).While Laurén diffuse type(P<0.001)and advanced stage(P=0.029)were related to genomically stable(GS)subtype.GS tumors and microsatellite stable/epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype subtype had worse disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)than other subtypes.Conversely,MSI subtype of GC had better survival in both classifications.Type of gastrectomy,pT and the TCGA subtypes were independent factors associated to DFS and OS.CONCLUSION The IHC/ISH analysis was able to distinguish immunophenotypic groups of GC with distinct characteristics and prognosis,resembling the subtypes of the molecular classifications.Accordingly,this method of classification may represent a viable option for use in a clinical setting.

Molecular-based Integrated Identification of Bacterial Blight(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae) in Anthurium and Detection of Latent Infection

Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae （Xad）, is the most destructive disease of anthurium worldwide, and no effective control technique has been developed currently. The comprehensive survey and precise detection of the pathogen is essential for evaluating disease progress and strengthening management to avoid a serious epidemic. In this study, a total of 253 blight-suspected samples of anthurum and other Araceae species were collected across the country, and 166 potential pathogenic bacteria strains were isolated and purified, after combined analysis on the characteristics of morphology, pathoge- nicity, 16S rDNA sequences and amplicans of Xad-specific SCAR markers. Finally, 93 of which were considered as X. axonopod/s pv. dieffenbachiae. In addition, by using a nested-PCR in repeated detections, 17 out of 21 prevalent anthurium cultivars without blight symptom exhibited latent infection even in young leaves. The results indicated that the anthurium bacterial blight distributed commonly in growing areas in China, and most of the commercial cuhivars had no strong resistance. The identification of Xad infection （latent） would be beneficial for the disease forecasting and management improving in anthttrium production.