Minimizing sperm oxidative stress using nanotechnology for breeding programs in rams

Background Artificial insemination(AI)is a routine breeding technology in animal reproduction.Nevertheless,the temperature-sensitive nature and short fertile lifespan of ram sperm samples hamper its use in AI.In this sense,nanotechnology is an interesting tool to improve sperm protection due to the development of nanomaterials for AI,which could be used as delivery vehicles.In this work,we explored the feasibility of vitamin E nanoemulsion(NE)for improving sperm quality during transport.Results With the aim of evaluating this proposal,ejaculates of 7 mature rams of Manchega breed were collected by artificial vagina and extended to 60×10^(6)spz/mL in AndromedR.Samples containing control and NE(12 mmol/L)with and without exogenous oxidative stress(100μmol/L Fe2+/ascorbate)were stored at 22 and 15℃and motility(CASA),viability(YO-PRO/PI),acrosomal integrity(PNA-FITC/PI),mitochondrial membrane potential(Mitotracker Deep Red 633),lipoperoxidation(C11 BODIPY 581/591),intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and DNA status(SCSAR)monitored during 96 h.Our results show that NE could be used to maintain ram spermatozoa during transport at 15 and 22℃for up to 96 h,with no appreciable loss of kinematic and physiological characteristics of freshly collected samples.Conclusions The storage of ram spermatozoa in liquid form for 2-5 d with vitamin E nanoemulsions may lead more flexibility to breeders in AI programs.In view of the potential and high versatility of these nanodevices,further studies are being carried out to assess the proposed sperm preservation medium on fertility after artificial insemination.

Research Progress on Rapid Breeding Technology of Anoectochilus roxburghii Seedlings

As a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine,Anoectochilus roxburghii has the cooling and detoxifying effects,and can nourish yin to reduce pathogenic fire,and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this paper,we summarized the research progress in detail about the biological characteristics,resource distribution,composition,medicinal value and rapid seedling breeding technology concerning the rare Chinese herbal medicine A. roxburghii,in order to provide a reference for the in-depth study and rational development and utilization of A.roxburghii.

Breeding Technology of Sunflower Inbred Lines with Four Generations in One Year

The breeding technology of sunflower inbred lines with four generations in one year was explored through the research on the biological characteristics of sunflower itself and the breeding status of sunflower inbred lines using the young embryo culture technology,the greenhouse seedling technology and field test planting,based on sunflower field breeding and planting combined with greenhouse planting.The reasonable selection of planting sites as the core of the breeding technology of sunflower inbred lines with four generations in one year is a guarantee.Embryos can be taken 7-10 d after pollination to enter the next generation of cultivation,thus shortening the generational cultivation cycle.The establishment of a breeding method of sunflower inbred lines with four generations in one year reduces the cost of breeding and has a practical role and significance for the field of sunflower inbred line breeding technologies.

Studies on the Technology for Mass Production of Abalone Breeding

Based on the traditional way of abalone breeding,the technological process of industrial abalone breeding suitable for the coastal areas of southern China has been developed.The process is simple and easy to handle,and results in a high yield of young abalones after being applied.

Doubled haploid technology and synthetic apomixis:Recent advances and applications in future crop breeding

Doubled haploid(DH)technology and synthetic apomixis approaches can considerably shorten breeding cycles and enhance breeding efficiency.Compared with traditional breeding methods,DH technology offers the advantage of rapidly generating inbred lines,while synthetic apomixis can effectively fix hybrid vigor.In this review,we focus on(i)recent advances in identifying and characterizing genes responsible for haploid induction(Hl),(ii)the molecular mechanisms of Hl,(ili)spontaneous haploid genome doubling,and(iv)crop synthetic apomixis.We also discuss the challenges and potential solutions for future crop breeding programs utilizing DH technology and synthetic apomixis.Finally,we provide our perspectives about how to integrate DH and synthetic apomixis for precision breeding and de novo domestication.

21世纪国外图书馆技术产业的历史考察——对Marshall Breeding图书馆技术产业报告的分析

文章梳理21世纪以来国外图书馆技术产业的发展脉络,总结发展特征和规律,对我国图书馆技术产业可持续发展具有参考价值。文章采集马歇尔·布汀2002-2022年发布的图书馆技术产业报告,以图书馆2.0和图书馆服务平台为标志性事件,将国外21世纪图书馆技术产业的发展划分为3个阶段,采用共词可视化技术依次概括出各阶段的发展重心,提炼出国外技术产业发展的总体特征。文章最后为我国图书馆技术产业的可持续发展提出若干启示。

Genomics-assisted breeding——A revolutionary strategy for crop improvement

Food shortages arise more frequently owing to unpredictable crop yield losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. With advances in molecular biology and marker technology, a new era of molecular breeding has emerged that has greatly accelerated the pace of plant breeding. High-throughput genotyping technology and phenotyping platforms have enabled large-scale marker-trait association analysis, such as genome-wide association studies, to precisely dissect the genetic architecture of plant traits. Large-scale mapping of agronomically important quantitative trait loci, gene cloning and characterization, mining of elite alleles/haplotypes, exploitation of natural variations, and genomic selection have paved the way towards genomics-assisted breeding（GAB）. With the availability of more and more informative genomic datasets, GAB would become a promising technique to expedite the breeding cycle for crop improvement.

Breeding and Application of Guidan 903,a New High-yield and Good-quality Maize Variety

To meet the demand of maize production in Guangxi and even the southwest region of China and realize the upgrading and undating of maize varieties which will continuously improve the yield and quality of maize,a new big-ear maize variety Guidan 903 with high yield,stable yield and good quality was established by the Maize Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with two self-selected inbred line GRL17349 and GRL21191 as female and male parents seperately.The average yield of this variety were 7429.5 and 7000.5 kg/hm^(2)in Guangxi Maize Regional Trial and Production Test respectively,which increased by 6.3%and 5.6%than the control(Guidan162).It was approved by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Crop Variety Certification Committee in June 2020(Approval No.Gui sheng yu 2020083).Determined by the Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Bejjing),the grain bulk density,ratio of crude protein,crude fat,crude starch and lysine of Guidan 903 were 782 g/L,9.41%,6.19%,71.45%,0.35%respectively.This variety has the characterisics of strong resistance to collapse and disease,good quality,high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Furthermore,its seed yield is high with easy production technology and low cost.

Artificial Breeding Techniques of Whitmania pigra

The artificial breeding technology for juvenile of Whitmania pigra was introduced in the paper,including selection of sites and water quality,construction of spawning pool,hatching pool and escape proof facilities,key technology of leech selection,feeding,cocoon hatching,juvenile feeding and management.

Selection and Breeding of Drought Resistant,Water-saving and High-yield Wheat Variety Cangmai 028

Cangmai 028 was selected and bred according to the climatic characteristic of the winter wheat in Heilonggang Basin taking 98(083)as the female parent and the Canghe 030 as the male parent by "two-row parallel alternate selection" method.Cangmai 028 has characteristics of high resistance,water-saving,high and stable yield,and rich genetic background.This study elaborated selection and breeding background and methods,characteristics,quality,and yield of Cangmai 028.

Seed Propagation Technology and Quality Standards of Zhuoyou 1032

The breeder’s seeds of 56 A are produced through individual selection,sib mating in pairs and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery.The foundation seeds are produced by isolated propagation of the breeder’s seeds,and the sterile line seeds for field production are produced by isolated propagation of the foundation seeds.The breeder’s seeds of restorer line 8020 R are produced by bagging and selfing and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery,and the foundation seeds are produced by re-propagation.The hybrid seed production requires better isolation conditions,which can be realized using natural forests,mountains,rivers,roads(railways,highways),houses,etc.,and the isolation distance in open areas is equal to or larger than 800 m.It also requires early sowing of the male parent,so that the male parent can make full use of the light and temperature resources before winter to grow vegetatively,forming strong male parent plants that can provide more pollen.The seeds of the male parent are sown on September 8-10,and those of the female seeds are sown on September 12-16.Quality test is conducted during breeding and seed production in accordance with relevant national standards.The purity standards of the parent seeds are as follows: purity≥99%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80%,moisture≤9%,glucosinolate content≤20 μmol/g,and erucic acid content≤0.5%;the quality standards for parental field production seeds are as follows: purity≥98%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%;and quality standards for hybrid seeds: purity≥85%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%.

Breeding and High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oil Sunflower New Variety"Xin Kui No.27"

This paper introduced the breeding process,characteristics,yield performance,disease resistance,quality characters,and suitable production areas of the new early-maturing oil sunflower variety"Xin Kui No.27",and summarized high-yield cultivation techniques based on large-area continuous cultivation demonstration to serve agricultural production.

Analysis and Research on the Functional Value and Development Opportunities of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication

To further specify significance and development orientation of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication ( hereinafter referred to as HNBM) ,such concepts as value engineering,industrial cluster and regional economy were introduced by analyzing its properties and interpreting relevant policies,its functions,value and development opportunities were analyzed from multiple perspectives. According to the comprehensive analysis,HNBM concerns national core political and economic benefits in strategic and fundamental sense,which is a result of powerful comprehensive functions of HNBM and need of modern agricultural development. In addition,HNBM has a bottleneck in the development of industrial cluster. Only co-promoted by the province and the ministry,and by applying top-level design,breaking the conditionality,integrating and optimizing existing resources,HNBM will be constructed into a high-new seed industry center.

减少猪场臭气生成的饲粮配制技术与养殖技术研究进展

随着养殖规模和集约化程度的不断提高,养殖场产生的臭气严重危害人畜健康和周边生态环境,臭气污染问题备受关注。解决猪场臭气污染的重要途径之一是减少臭气物质产生,而改进饲粮技术和养殖技术是减少猪场臭气物质生成的关键技术措施。本文综述了猪场臭气组成及产生途径、猪场中关键致臭物质及筛选方法、有效减少臭气生成的饲粮技术和养殖技术,旨在为加强猪场臭气方面的基础研究及减排技术的推广提供参考,进一步推进养猪业的高质量发展。

畜禽养殖场臭气治理技术研究进展

随着我国畜禽养殖规模逐渐扩大,畜禽养殖场产生的臭气问题日渐突出。在畜禽养殖过程中,养殖场的臭气主要来源于畜禽粪尿、畜禽自身排出气体、饲料残渣、污水、堆肥间等,臭味大多与氨气、硫化氢、吲哚、粪臭素等相关,其中含量较多的成分是氨气和硫化氢,会对生态环境和人体健康甚至畜禽本身产生严重危害,因此对畜禽养殖场臭气的治理迫在眉睫。针对养殖场臭气治理,可采用源头减排、过程控制和末端治理三大途径,从异位和原位进行臭气控制:异位控制是通过物理、化学和生物法对已经释放的臭气进行末端控制;原位控制是通过一些饲料添加剂对畜禽体内进行调控,从而实现过程控制和源头减排臭气,以此减轻养殖场臭气产生的危害。本文基于国内外养殖场臭气治理的相关研究,系统梳理了养殖场臭气的治理技术,并分别对各个技术进行了相关典型案例分析,为养殖场臭气治理的研究提供了一定的技术参考。

基于全球黄瓜分子育种专利技术的创新态势分析

为研究黄瓜分子育种领域的全球专利发展趋势、研发热点、区域分布和技术布局,揭示黄瓜分子育种的创新态势,笔者的研究基于德温特创新索引国际专利数据库(DII),借助DDA分析工具对1987—2022年全球黄瓜分子育种技术发展态势进行了归纳分析。结果表明,黄瓜分子育种技术整体呈快速发展的趋势;植物基因工程与遗传育种是各大技术布局的核心;中国的申请量最多,美国申请量第二;孟山都、先正达、拜尔以及陶氏、巴斯夫等国际育种巨头企业均在主要国家进行了专利布局,中国在该领域专利数量较多,中国农业科学院、上海交通大学、中国农业大学以及南京农业大学4家机构入围全球前10;深入分析表明,种质鉴定与创新、抗生物胁迫、方法改进与技术革新是黄瓜分子育种技术领域当前的研发热点。综上,分子育种是黄瓜育种领域的前沿技术,发展速度快,种质材料创新、抗性与技术革新是研发热点,我国的专利申请量和研究机构最多,是全球最受重视的技术市场。这些研究结果可为我国在黄瓜生物育种技术领域合理部署、完善知识产权布局提供一定借鉴。

高产抗病大豆新品种陇豆5号选育报告

针对甘肃省自然条件复杂,广适型大豆品种少,播种面积增长缓慢的现状,为选育出高产、稳产、抗病、适应性广的大豆新品种,甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所大豆课题组以吉育72为母本、Stout为父本,利用系谱法经过连续多年选择杂交选育出大豆新品种陇豆5号。该品种在2021—2022年进行的甘肃省大豆品种(系)区域试验中,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量2808.00 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种陇豆2号增产3.20%。在2023年进行的甘肃省大豆品种(系)生产试验中,7个试点平均折合产量为3030.30 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种陇豆2号增产4.30%。陇豆5号平均生育期128 d,属中晚熟品种,植株田间长势好、落叶性好、抗倒伏,抗花叶病毒病,抗灰斑病。籽粒饱满、圆形,商品性好,粗蛋白(干基)含量为394.8 g/kg,脂肪(干基)含量为202.1 g/kg。具有高产、稳产、抗病和广适应性等特性。该品种适宜春播种植,在甘肃省雨养农业区(干旱、半干旱)和非保灌区的中晚熟及晚熟品种类型区及类似生态区均可种植。

芽豆专用品种牡小粒豆1号的选育

牡小粒豆1号是黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院2011年利用60Coγ射线诱变处理育成的优质高产专用型芽豆新品种。2017—2018年牡小粒豆1号参加黑龙江省特用组自布点区域试验,2年平均产量为3245.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种绥小粒豆2号增产8.5%。2018年参加黑龙江省特用组自布点生产试验,平均产量为3260.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种绥小粒豆2号增产8.0%。该品种抗倒伏、抗灰斑病、高产优质、适应性广,平均蛋白质含量为39.15%,平均脂肪含量为21.62%,属高油芽豆品种,适宜黑龙江省第二积温带种植。2019年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为黑审豆20190054。

六倍体小黑麦新品系T-133引种鉴定及特性分析

小黑麦是小麦和黑麦属间人工杂交形成的新物种,与小麦和黑麦相比,小黑麦的生物产量及蛋白质、赖氨酸含量高,适口性更好,可作为优质禾本科牧草,以促进饲草多元化发展。为了丰富甘肃省饲草种类,给农牧交错区提供高产稳产、耐盐碱、抗寒旱、抗病虫的小黑麦新品种,2013年从CIMMYT引进了六倍体小黑麦新品系T-133,并经2014—2020年连续水旱鉴定、品比试验、生产试验进行引种鉴定。在2020年甘肃省不同生态区生产试验中,平均折合籽粒产量7814.94 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种宁春4号增产17.45%;平均生物学产量22.39 t/hm^(2),比对照品种石大1号增产12.92%。该品系为粮草兼用型,春性,生育期100~109 d,株高115~120 cm,穗长10.0~10.5 cm,可育小穗数21~24个,穗粒数45~50粒,千粒重47~56 g。富含铁、锌等微量元素,品质优良,抗病性强。适宜在甘肃河西、中部及生态区域相似的青海、宁夏等高寒旱区种植。