As H-and J-aggregation receive more and more attention in the research of organic solar cells(OSCs),especially in small molecular systems,deep understanding of aggregation behavior is needed to guide the design of con...As H-and J-aggregation receive more and more attention in the research of organic solar cells(OSCs),especially in small molecular systems,deep understanding of aggregation behavior is needed to guide the design of conjugated small molecular structure and the fabrication process of OSC device.For this end,this review is written.Here,the review firstly introduced the basic information about H-and J-aggregation of conjugated small molecules in OSCs.Then,the characteristics of H-and J-aggregation and the methods to identify them were summarized.Next,it reviewed the research progress of H-and J-aggregation of conjugated small molecules in OSCs,including the factors influencing H-and J-aggregation in thin film and the effects of H-and J-aggregation on OPV performance.展开更多
We present an optimal and robust quantum control method for efficient population transfer in asymmetric double quantum-dot molecules.We derive a long-duration control scheme that allows for highly efficient population...We present an optimal and robust quantum control method for efficient population transfer in asymmetric double quantum-dot molecules.We derive a long-duration control scheme that allows for highly efficient population transfer by accurately controlling the amplitude of a narrow-bandwidth pulse.To overcome fluctuations in control field parameters,we employ a frequency-domain quantum optimal control theory method to optimize the spectral phase of a single pulse with broad bandwidth while preserving the spectral amplitude.It is shown that this spectral-phase-only optimization approach can successfully identify robust and optimal control fields,leading to efficient population transfer to the target state while concurrently suppressing population transfer to undesired states.The method demonstrates resilience to fluctuations in control field parameters,making it a promising approach for reliable and efficient population transfer in practical applications.展开更多
Aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs),recognized as safe and reliable new energy devices,are considered as one of the alternatives to traditional batteries.Layered MnO_(2),serving as the main cathode,exhibits a lower...Aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs),recognized as safe and reliable new energy devices,are considered as one of the alternatives to traditional batteries.Layered MnO_(2),serving as the main cathode,exhibits a lower specific capacity in aqueous electrolytes compared to organic systems and operates through a different reaction mechanism.The application of highly conductive graphene may effectively enhance the capacity of APIBs but could complicate the potassium storage environment.In this study,a MnO_(2) cathode pre-intercalated with K~+ions and grown on graphene(KMO@rGO) was developed using the microwave hydrothermal method for APIBs.KMO@rGO achieved a specific capacity of 90 mA h g^(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g^(-1),maintaining a capacity retention rate of>90% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).In-situ and exsitu characterization techniques revealed the energy-storage mechanism of KMO@rGO:layered MnO_(2)traps a large amount of "dead" water molecules during K~+ions removal.However,the introduction of graphene enables these water molecules to escape during K~+ ions insertion at the cathode.The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and density functional theory confirmed that KMO@rGO has a higher K~+ions migration rate than MnO_(2).Therefore,the capacity of this cathode depends on the interaction between dead water and K~+ions during the energy-storage reaction.The optimal structural alignment between layered MnO_(2) and graphene allows electrons to easily flow into the external circuit.Rapid charge compensation forces numerous low-solvent K~+ions to displace interlayer dead water,enhancing the capacity.This unique reaction mechanism is unprecedented in other aqueous battery studies.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic.Unfortunately,the side reactions,dendrites and hydrogen evolution effe...Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic.Unfortunately,the side reactions,dendrites and hydrogen evolution effects at the zinc anode interface in aqueous electrolytes seriously hinder the application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,we report a critical solvation strategy to achieve reversible zinc electrochemistry by introducing a small polar molecule acetonitrile to form a“catcher”to arrest active molecules(bound water molecules).The stable solvation structure of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is capable of maintaining and completely inhibiting free water molecules.When[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is partially desolvated in the Helmholtz outer layer,the separated active molecules will be arrested by the“catcher”formed by the strong hydrogen bond N-H bond,ensuring the stable desolvation of Zn^(2+).The Zn||Zn symmetric battery can stably cycle for 2250 h at 1 mAh cm^(-2),Zn||V_(6)O_(13) full battery achieved a capacity retention rate of 99.2%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).This paper proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adap...Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.展开更多
Here we propose a new concept of"molecule aging":with some special treatment,a molecule could be"aged"by losing some unknown tiny particles or pieces from atoms in the molecule,Such"aging"...Here we propose a new concept of"molecule aging":with some special treatment,a molecule could be"aged"by losing some unknown tiny particles or pieces from atoms in the molecule,Such"aging"or loss of unknown tiny particles does not change apparently its molecular structure or chemical composition,but some physicochemical properties could be changed irreversibly.We further confirm such"molecule aging"via a long-term electron attacking to age water(H_(2)O)molecules.The IR spectra show no structural difference between the fresh water and the aged one,while the NMR spectra show that the electron attacking can decrease the size of water clusters.Such facts indicate that the electron attacking indeed can"affect"the structure of water molecule slightly but without damaging to its basic molecule frame.Further exploration reveals that the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity of the aged water molecule is lower than the fresh water on the same Pt/C electrocatalyst.The density functional theory calculations indicate that the shortened O-H bond in H_(2)O indeed can present lower HER activity,so the observed size decrease of water clusters from NMR probably could be attributed to the shortening of O-H bond in water molecules.Such results indicate significantly that the molecule aging can produce materials with new functions for new possible applications.展开更多
The internal microbial diversity and small molecular metabolites of Nuodeng ham in different processing years(the first,second and third year sample)were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and gas chrom...The internal microbial diversity and small molecular metabolites of Nuodeng ham in different processing years(the first,second and third year sample)were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrography(GC-TOF-MS)to study the effects of microorganisms and small molecular metabolites on the quality of ham in different processing years.The results showed that the dominant bacteria phyla of Nuodeng ham in different processing years were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes,the dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,while Staphylococcus and Aspergillus were the dominant bacteria and fungi of Nuodeng ham,respectively.Totally,252 kinds of small molecular metabolites were identified from Nuodeng ham in different processing years,and 12 different metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analysis.Further metabolic pathway analysis showed that 23 metabolic pathways were related to ham fermentation,of which 8 metabolic pathways had significant effects on ham fermentation(Impact>0.01,P<0.05).The content of L-proline,phenyllactic acid,L-lysine,carnosine,taurine,D-proline,betaine and creatine were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Staphylococcus and Serratia,but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Halomonas,Aspergillus and Yamadazyma.展开更多
The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various too...The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.展开更多
To better understand the potential and limitations of the tokenization of real asset mar-kets,empirical studies need to examine this radically new organization of financial mar-kets.In our study,we examine the financi...To better understand the potential and limitations of the tokenization of real asset mar-kets,empirical studies need to examine this radically new organization of financial mar-kets.In our study,we examine the financial and economic consequences of tokenizing 58 residential rental properties in the US,particularly those in Detroit.Tokenization aims at fragmented ownership.We found that the residential properties examined have 254 owners on average.Investors with a greater than USD 5,000 investment in real estate tokens,diversify their real estate ownership across properties within and across the cities.Property ownership changes about once yearly,with more changes for proper-ties on decentralized exchanges.We report that real estate token prices move accord-ing to the house price index;hence,investing in real estate tokens provides economic exposure to residential house prices.展开更多
The advent of biologics and small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has marked a significant turning point in the prognosis of IBD,decreasing the rates of corticosteroid dependence,hospitalizations and impro...The advent of biologics and small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has marked a significant turning point in the prognosis of IBD,decreasing the rates of corticosteroid dependence,hospitalizations and improving overall quality of life.The introduction of biosimilars has also increased affordability and enhanced access to these otherwise costly targeted therapies.Biologics do not yet represent a complete panacea:A subset of patients do not respond to first-line anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha agents or may subsequently demonstrate a secondary loss of response.Patients who fail to respond to anti-TNF agents typically have a poorer response rate to second-line biologics.It is uncertain which patient would benefit from a different sequencing of biologics or even a combination of biologic agents.The introduction of newer classes of biologics and small molecules may provide alternative therapeutic targets for patients with refractory disease.This review examines the therapeutic ceiling in current treatment strategies of IBD and the potential paradigm shifts in the future.展开更多
Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmet...Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmetric solitons upon assigning appropriate values to some parameters.Furthermore,a double-peaked lump solution can be constructed with breather degeneration approach.By applying a mixed technique of a resonance ansatz and conjugate complexes of partial parameters to multisoliton solutions,various kinds of interactional structures are constructed;There include the soliton molecule(SM),the breather molecule(BM)and the soliton-breather molecule(SBM).Graphical investigation and theoretical analysis show that the interactions composed of SM,BM and SBM are inelastic.展开更多
Neural progenitor cells(NPCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation into neural cell lineages offer broad prospects for cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell therapy based on NPC transplanta...Neural progenitor cells(NPCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation into neural cell lineages offer broad prospects for cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell therapy based on NPC transplantation is limited by the inability to acquire sufficient quantities of NPCs. Previous studies have found that a chemical cocktail of valproic acid, CHIR99021, and Repsox(VCR) promotes mouse fibroblasts to differentiate into NPCs under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we used VCR(0.5 mM valproic acid, 3 μM CHIR99021, and 1 μM Repsox) to induce the reprogramming of rat embryonic fibroblasts into NPCs under a hypoxic condition(5%). These NPCs exhibited typical neurosphere-like structures that can express NPC markers, such as Nestin, SRY-box transcription factor 2, and paired box 6(Pax6), and could also differentiate into multiple types of functional neurons and astrocytes in vitro. They had similar gene expression profiles to those of rat brain-derived neural stem cells. Subsequently, the chemically-induced NPCs(ciNPCs) were stereotactically transplanted into the substantia nigra of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned parkinsonian rats. We found that the ciNPCs exhibited long-term survival, migrated long distances, and differentiated into multiple types of functional neurons and glial cells in vivo. Moreover, the parkinsonian behavioral defects of the parkinsonian model rats grafted with ciNPCs showed remarkable functional recovery. These findings suggest that rat fibroblasts can be directly transformed into NPCs using a chemical cocktail of VCR without introducing exogenous factors, which may be an attractive donor material for transplantation therapy for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Chalcopyrite is a common copper-bearing mineral with antiferromagnetic properties.However,this property has rarely been considered in previous studies for detailed adsorption behaviors of molecules on chalcopyrite.Bas...Chalcopyrite is a common copper-bearing mineral with antiferromagnetic properties.However,this property has rarely been considered in previous studies for detailed adsorption behaviors of molecules on chalcopyrite.Based on density functional theory(DFT),new adsorption pathways by H_(2)O and O_(2)on the chalcopyrite metal terminated(112)surface((112)-M)is found in this work.First,through simulating the adsorption of an isolated water molecule and monolayer water molecules,it is confirmed that H_(2)O molecules tend to adsorb on the surface Fe atoms more than on the surface Cu atoms.Then,we studied various adsorption behaviors of the O_(2)molecule.It is found that the adsorption on the hollow FeAFe site is the most stable case;however,O_(2)is undissociated.Two adsorption cases will happen when H_(2)OAO_(2)adsorb simultaneously on the surface.For the S site,the H_(2)O molecule thoroughly dissociated and formed SAO species,and the other case is H_(2)O undissociated adsorbing at the Cu site.For the former case,it is interesting that H_(2)O is dissociated before O_(2).展开更多
Languages–independent text tokenization can aid in classification of languages with few sources.There is a global research effort to generate text classification for any language.Human text classification is a slow p...Languages–independent text tokenization can aid in classification of languages with few sources.There is a global research effort to generate text classification for any language.Human text classification is a slow procedure.Conse-quently,the text summary generation of different languages,using machine text classification,has been considered in recent years.There is no research on the machine text classification for many languages such as Czech,Rome,Urdu.This research proposes a cross-language text tokenization model using a Transformer technique.The proposed Transformer employs an encoder that has ten layers with self-attention encoding and a feedforward sublayer.This model improves the efficiency of text classification by providing a draft text classification for a number of documents.We also propose a novel Sub-Word tokenization model with frequent vocabulary usage in the documents.The Sub-Word Byte-Pair Tokenization technique(SBPT)utilizes the sharing of the vocabulary of one sentence with other sentences.The Sub-Word tokenization model enhances the performance of other Sub-Word tokenization models such pair encoding model by+10%using precision metric.展开更多
Using quantum chemical calculations,we model the pathways for synthesizing two purine nucleobases,adenine and guanine,in the gas-phase interstellar environment,surrounded by neutral atomic hydrogen(H I).H I is found a...Using quantum chemical calculations,we model the pathways for synthesizing two purine nucleobases,adenine and guanine,in the gas-phase interstellar environment,surrounded by neutral atomic hydrogen(H I).H I is found active in facilitating a series of fundamental proton transfer processes of organic synthesis,including bond formation,cyclization,dehydrogenation,and H migration.The reactive potential barriers were significantly reduced in the alternative pathways created by H I,leading to a remarkable increase in the reaction rate.The presence of H I also lowered the reactive activation temperature from 757.8 K to 131.5–147.0 K,indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of these pathways in star-forming regions where some of the reactants have been astronomically detected.Our findings suggest that H I may serve as an effective catalyst for interstellar organic synthesis.展开更多
The viability of exponentially growing non-fungible token(NFT)market is evaluated by identifying potential value-generating mechanisms that can be rationalized.After identifying the value-generating mechanisms underly...The viability of exponentially growing non-fungible token(NFT)market is evaluated by identifying potential value-generating mechanisms that can be rationalized.After identifying the value-generating mechanisms underlying the positive values of NFTs,this study establishes a pricing model for NFTs that follows a continuous-time financial framework.As NFTs are claimed to securitize“ownership rights short of use”,and as such they may potentially serve as a substitute for the need to rely replace the reliance on the legal protection provided by intellectual property rights(IPRs).Considering this issue,this study evaluates the likelihood that NFTs will replace existing mechanisms that protect producers’rightful claim to use their assets or the need to apply the legal code that governs IPRs.The financial condition for this potential shift is derived for a category of assets whose use or consumption does not reduce supply as the notion of scarcity does not apply.展开更多
Solubility enhancement has been a priority to overcome poor solubility with optoelectronic molecules for solution-processable devices. This study aims to obtain experimental data on the effect of particle sizes on the...Solubility enhancement has been a priority to overcome poor solubility with optoelectronic molecules for solution-processable devices. This study aims to obtain experimental data on the effect of particle sizes on the solubility properties of several typical optoelectronic molecules in organic solvents, including the solubility results of 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene(m CP), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ben zene(TPBi) and 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(PBD) in ethanol and acetonitrile,respectively. Nanoparticles of m CP, TPBi and PBD with sizes from dozens to several hundred nanometers were prepared by solvent antisolvent precipitation method and their solubility were determined by using isothermal saturation method. The saturation solubility of nanoparticles of three kinds of optoelectronic molecules exhibited increase of 12.9%-25.7% in comparison to the same raw materials in the form of microparticles. The experimental evidence indicates that nanonization technology is a feasible way to make optoelectronic molecules dissolve in liquids with enhanced solubility.展开更多
Developing a low-cost and high-efficiency nonprecious metal-based catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is of great significance for the utilization of hydrogen energy.In this work,we report a molecular-modifi...Developing a low-cost and high-efficiency nonprecious metal-based catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is of great significance for the utilization of hydrogen energy.In this work,we report a molecular-modification strategy to fabricate a self-supported hydrogen evolution electrode,specially by grafting the macrocyclic molecules(HHTP=2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) on the surface of a cobaltous dihydroxy carbonate(COC) seed layer.The HHTP-COC electrode is endowed with a rodlike structure,which provides favorable access for charge transportation and mass exchange.The macrocyclic molecule structure in HHTP can be grafted on COC and improve the electrical conductivity,while the interaction between HHTP and COC induces the rearrangement of charge configuration on the surface.Due to the combination effects of several aspects,the HHTP-COC electrode achieves astonishing HER activity,with a low overpotential of 61.0 mV(η_(10),at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)) and excellent stability in alkaline condition.This kind of interface engineering based on the organic molecules can be applied to the design and manufacture of electrocatalysts in the field of energy conversion and storage.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203024,22225504)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QE135)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial University(2023KJ330)the Qilu University of Technology strong base plan(2023PY001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2020B121201002)。
文摘As H-and J-aggregation receive more and more attention in the research of organic solar cells(OSCs),especially in small molecular systems,deep understanding of aggregation behavior is needed to guide the design of conjugated small molecular structure and the fabrication process of OSC device.For this end,this review is written.Here,the review firstly introduced the basic information about H-and J-aggregation of conjugated small molecules in OSCs.Then,the characteristics of H-and J-aggregation and the methods to identify them were summarized.Next,it reviewed the research progress of H-and J-aggregation of conjugated small molecules in OSCs,including the factors influencing H-and J-aggregation in thin film and the effects of H-and J-aggregation on OPV performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.12275033,61973317,and 12274470)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2022JJ10070)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022JJ30582)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.20A025).
文摘We present an optimal and robust quantum control method for efficient population transfer in asymmetric double quantum-dot molecules.We derive a long-duration control scheme that allows for highly efficient population transfer by accurately controlling the amplitude of a narrow-bandwidth pulse.To overcome fluctuations in control field parameters,we employ a frequency-domain quantum optimal control theory method to optimize the spectral phase of a single pulse with broad bandwidth while preserving the spectral amplitude.It is shown that this spectral-phase-only optimization approach can successfully identify robust and optimal control fields,leading to efficient population transfer to the target state while concurrently suppressing population transfer to undesired states.The method demonstrates resilience to fluctuations in control field parameters,making it a promising approach for reliable and efficient population transfer in practical applications.
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Plan Project of Guizhou Province (Grant No. [2021]060)the Industry and Education Combination Innovation Platform of Intelligent Manufacturing and the Graduate Joint Training Base at Guizhou University (Grant No. 2020-520000-83-01-324061)the Guizhou Engineering Research Center for smart services (Grant No. 2203-520102-04-04-298868)。
文摘Aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs),recognized as safe and reliable new energy devices,are considered as one of the alternatives to traditional batteries.Layered MnO_(2),serving as the main cathode,exhibits a lower specific capacity in aqueous electrolytes compared to organic systems and operates through a different reaction mechanism.The application of highly conductive graphene may effectively enhance the capacity of APIBs but could complicate the potassium storage environment.In this study,a MnO_(2) cathode pre-intercalated with K~+ions and grown on graphene(KMO@rGO) was developed using the microwave hydrothermal method for APIBs.KMO@rGO achieved a specific capacity of 90 mA h g^(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g^(-1),maintaining a capacity retention rate of>90% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).In-situ and exsitu characterization techniques revealed the energy-storage mechanism of KMO@rGO:layered MnO_(2)traps a large amount of "dead" water molecules during K~+ions removal.However,the introduction of graphene enables these water molecules to escape during K~+ ions insertion at the cathode.The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and density functional theory confirmed that KMO@rGO has a higher K~+ions migration rate than MnO_(2).Therefore,the capacity of this cathode depends on the interaction between dead water and K~+ions during the energy-storage reaction.The optimal structural alignment between layered MnO_(2) and graphene allows electrons to easily flow into the external circuit.Rapid charge compensation forces numerous low-solvent K~+ions to displace interlayer dead water,enhancing the capacity.This unique reaction mechanism is unprecedented in other aqueous battery studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272198 and 52002122)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690947).
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic.Unfortunately,the side reactions,dendrites and hydrogen evolution effects at the zinc anode interface in aqueous electrolytes seriously hinder the application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,we report a critical solvation strategy to achieve reversible zinc electrochemistry by introducing a small polar molecule acetonitrile to form a“catcher”to arrest active molecules(bound water molecules).The stable solvation structure of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is capable of maintaining and completely inhibiting free water molecules.When[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is partially desolvated in the Helmholtz outer layer,the separated active molecules will be arrested by the“catcher”formed by the strong hydrogen bond N-H bond,ensuring the stable desolvation of Zn^(2+).The Zn||Zn symmetric battery can stably cycle for 2250 h at 1 mAh cm^(-2),Zn||V_(6)O_(13) full battery achieved a capacity retention rate of 99.2%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).This paper proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970274 (J.W.), 32170272 (X.W.), 32100251 (J.Z.), 32000179 (Y.X.))the Special Research Assistant of Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.Z. and Y.X.), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713224 (J.Z.))+6 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB16 (J.W.))the Yunnan Innovation Team Project (202105AE160013 (J.W.))CAS “Light of West China” Program (G.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program “Young Talents” Project (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0301 (J.Z.), XDYC-QNRC-2022-0001 (G.S.))the General and Key Project of the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan (202001AS070021(J.W.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-General Project (202101AT070457 (S.L.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-Youth Talent Project (202101AU070021(S.L.))
文摘Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)(2022YFA1203400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21925205,22072145,21372155,22005294,and 22102172)。
文摘Here we propose a new concept of"molecule aging":with some special treatment,a molecule could be"aged"by losing some unknown tiny particles or pieces from atoms in the molecule,Such"aging"or loss of unknown tiny particles does not change apparently its molecular structure or chemical composition,but some physicochemical properties could be changed irreversibly.We further confirm such"molecule aging"via a long-term electron attacking to age water(H_(2)O)molecules.The IR spectra show no structural difference between the fresh water and the aged one,while the NMR spectra show that the electron attacking can decrease the size of water clusters.Such facts indicate that the electron attacking indeed can"affect"the structure of water molecule slightly but without damaging to its basic molecule frame.Further exploration reveals that the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity of the aged water molecule is lower than the fresh water on the same Pt/C electrocatalyst.The density functional theory calculations indicate that the shortened O-H bond in H_(2)O indeed can present lower HER activity,so the observed size decrease of water clusters from NMR probably could be attributed to the shortening of O-H bond in water molecules.Such results indicate significantly that the molecule aging can produce materials with new functions for new possible applications.
基金supported by Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Science and Technology Plan(2019ZG003)Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talent Project(202105AC160068)。
文摘The internal microbial diversity and small molecular metabolites of Nuodeng ham in different processing years(the first,second and third year sample)were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrography(GC-TOF-MS)to study the effects of microorganisms and small molecular metabolites on the quality of ham in different processing years.The results showed that the dominant bacteria phyla of Nuodeng ham in different processing years were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes,the dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,while Staphylococcus and Aspergillus were the dominant bacteria and fungi of Nuodeng ham,respectively.Totally,252 kinds of small molecular metabolites were identified from Nuodeng ham in different processing years,and 12 different metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analysis.Further metabolic pathway analysis showed that 23 metabolic pathways were related to ham fermentation,of which 8 metabolic pathways had significant effects on ham fermentation(Impact>0.01,P<0.05).The content of L-proline,phenyllactic acid,L-lysine,carnosine,taurine,D-proline,betaine and creatine were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Staphylococcus and Serratia,but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Halomonas,Aspergillus and Yamadazyma.
文摘The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.
文摘To better understand the potential and limitations of the tokenization of real asset mar-kets,empirical studies need to examine this radically new organization of financial mar-kets.In our study,we examine the financial and economic consequences of tokenizing 58 residential rental properties in the US,particularly those in Detroit.Tokenization aims at fragmented ownership.We found that the residential properties examined have 254 owners on average.Investors with a greater than USD 5,000 investment in real estate tokens,diversify their real estate ownership across properties within and across the cities.Property ownership changes about once yearly,with more changes for proper-ties on decentralized exchanges.We report that real estate token prices move accord-ing to the house price index;hence,investing in real estate tokens provides economic exposure to residential house prices.
文摘The advent of biologics and small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has marked a significant turning point in the prognosis of IBD,decreasing the rates of corticosteroid dependence,hospitalizations and improving overall quality of life.The introduction of biosimilars has also increased affordability and enhanced access to these otherwise costly targeted therapies.Biologics do not yet represent a complete panacea:A subset of patients do not respond to first-line anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha agents or may subsequently demonstrate a secondary loss of response.Patients who fail to respond to anti-TNF agents typically have a poorer response rate to second-line biologics.It is uncertain which patient would benefit from a different sequencing of biologics or even a combination of biologic agents.The introduction of newer classes of biologics and small molecules may provide alternative therapeutic targets for patients with refractory disease.This review examines the therapeutic ceiling in current treatment strategies of IBD and the potential paradigm shifts in the future.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001424)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JZ-21)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020CBLY013)。
文摘Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmetric solitons upon assigning appropriate values to some parameters.Furthermore,a double-peaked lump solution can be constructed with breather degeneration approach.By applying a mixed technique of a resonance ansatz and conjugate complexes of partial parameters to multisoliton solutions,various kinds of interactional structures are constructed;There include the soliton molecule(SM),the breather molecule(BM)and the soliton-breather molecule(SBM).Graphical investigation and theoretical analysis show that the interactions composed of SM,BM and SBM are inelastic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81771381 (to CQL)Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project,Nos. 2022e07020030 (to CQL), 2022e07020032 (to YG)+2 种基金Science Research Project of Bengbu Medical College,No. 2021byfy002 (to CQL)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province,No. KJ2021ZD0085 (to CJW)the Undergraduate Innovative Training Program of China,Nos. 202110367043 (to CQL), 202110367044 (to YG)。
文摘Neural progenitor cells(NPCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation into neural cell lineages offer broad prospects for cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell therapy based on NPC transplantation is limited by the inability to acquire sufficient quantities of NPCs. Previous studies have found that a chemical cocktail of valproic acid, CHIR99021, and Repsox(VCR) promotes mouse fibroblasts to differentiate into NPCs under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we used VCR(0.5 mM valproic acid, 3 μM CHIR99021, and 1 μM Repsox) to induce the reprogramming of rat embryonic fibroblasts into NPCs under a hypoxic condition(5%). These NPCs exhibited typical neurosphere-like structures that can express NPC markers, such as Nestin, SRY-box transcription factor 2, and paired box 6(Pax6), and could also differentiate into multiple types of functional neurons and astrocytes in vitro. They had similar gene expression profiles to those of rat brain-derived neural stem cells. Subsequently, the chemically-induced NPCs(ciNPCs) were stereotactically transplanted into the substantia nigra of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned parkinsonian rats. We found that the ciNPCs exhibited long-term survival, migrated long distances, and differentiated into multiple types of functional neurons and glial cells in vivo. Moreover, the parkinsonian behavioral defects of the parkinsonian model rats grafted with ciNPCs showed remarkable functional recovery. These findings suggest that rat fibroblasts can be directly transformed into NPCs using a chemical cocktail of VCR without introducing exogenous factors, which may be an attractive donor material for transplantation therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.51974094,51964004,and U20A20269).
文摘Chalcopyrite is a common copper-bearing mineral with antiferromagnetic properties.However,this property has rarely been considered in previous studies for detailed adsorption behaviors of molecules on chalcopyrite.Based on density functional theory(DFT),new adsorption pathways by H_(2)O and O_(2)on the chalcopyrite metal terminated(112)surface((112)-M)is found in this work.First,through simulating the adsorption of an isolated water molecule and monolayer water molecules,it is confirmed that H_(2)O molecules tend to adsorb on the surface Fe atoms more than on the surface Cu atoms.Then,we studied various adsorption behaviors of the O_(2)molecule.It is found that the adsorption on the hollow FeAFe site is the most stable case;however,O_(2)is undissociated.Two adsorption cases will happen when H_(2)OAO_(2)adsorb simultaneously on the surface.For the S site,the H_(2)O molecule thoroughly dissociated and formed SAO species,and the other case is H_(2)O undissociated adsorbing at the Cu site.For the former case,it is interesting that H_(2)O is dissociated before O_(2).
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R113),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Languages–independent text tokenization can aid in classification of languages with few sources.There is a global research effort to generate text classification for any language.Human text classification is a slow procedure.Conse-quently,the text summary generation of different languages,using machine text classification,has been considered in recent years.There is no research on the machine text classification for many languages such as Czech,Rome,Urdu.This research proposes a cross-language text tokenization model using a Transformer technique.The proposed Transformer employs an encoder that has ten layers with self-attention encoding and a feedforward sublayer.This model improves the efficiency of text classification by providing a draft text classification for a number of documents.We also propose a novel Sub-Word tokenization model with frequent vocabulary usage in the documents.The Sub-Word Byte-Pair Tokenization technique(SBPT)utilizes the sharing of the vocabulary of one sentence with other sentences.The Sub-Word tokenization model enhances the performance of other Sub-Word tokenization models such pair encoding model by+10%using precision metric.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11964002)。
文摘Using quantum chemical calculations,we model the pathways for synthesizing two purine nucleobases,adenine and guanine,in the gas-phase interstellar environment,surrounded by neutral atomic hydrogen(H I).H I is found active in facilitating a series of fundamental proton transfer processes of organic synthesis,including bond formation,cyclization,dehydrogenation,and H migration.The reactive potential barriers were significantly reduced in the alternative pathways created by H I,leading to a remarkable increase in the reaction rate.The presence of H I also lowered the reactive activation temperature from 757.8 K to 131.5–147.0 K,indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of these pathways in star-forming regions where some of the reactants have been astronomically detected.Our findings suggest that H I may serve as an effective catalyst for interstellar organic synthesis.
文摘The viability of exponentially growing non-fungible token(NFT)market is evaluated by identifying potential value-generating mechanisms that can be rationalized.After identifying the value-generating mechanisms underlying the positive values of NFTs,this study establishes a pricing model for NFTs that follows a continuous-time financial framework.As NFTs are claimed to securitize“ownership rights short of use”,and as such they may potentially serve as a substitute for the need to rely replace the reliance on the legal protection provided by intellectual property rights(IPRs).Considering this issue,this study evaluates the likelihood that NFTs will replace existing mechanisms that protect producers’rightful claim to use their assets or the need to apply the legal code that governs IPRs.The financial condition for this potential shift is derived for a category of assets whose use or consumption does not reduce supply as the notion of scarcity does not apply.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (22288102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (buctrc202016)。
文摘Solubility enhancement has been a priority to overcome poor solubility with optoelectronic molecules for solution-processable devices. This study aims to obtain experimental data on the effect of particle sizes on the solubility properties of several typical optoelectronic molecules in organic solvents, including the solubility results of 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene(m CP), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ben zene(TPBi) and 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(PBD) in ethanol and acetonitrile,respectively. Nanoparticles of m CP, TPBi and PBD with sizes from dozens to several hundred nanometers were prepared by solvent antisolvent precipitation method and their solubility were determined by using isothermal saturation method. The saturation solubility of nanoparticles of three kinds of optoelectronic molecules exhibited increase of 12.9%-25.7% in comparison to the same raw materials in the form of microparticles. The experimental evidence indicates that nanonization technology is a feasible way to make optoelectronic molecules dissolve in liquids with enhanced solubility.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21771101, 52201258)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20210651 and BK20210650)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (21KJB430003)。
文摘Developing a low-cost and high-efficiency nonprecious metal-based catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is of great significance for the utilization of hydrogen energy.In this work,we report a molecular-modification strategy to fabricate a self-supported hydrogen evolution electrode,specially by grafting the macrocyclic molecules(HHTP=2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) on the surface of a cobaltous dihydroxy carbonate(COC) seed layer.The HHTP-COC electrode is endowed with a rodlike structure,which provides favorable access for charge transportation and mass exchange.The macrocyclic molecule structure in HHTP can be grafted on COC and improve the electrical conductivity,while the interaction between HHTP and COC induces the rearrangement of charge configuration on the surface.Due to the combination effects of several aspects,the HHTP-COC electrode achieves astonishing HER activity,with a low overpotential of 61.0 mV(η_(10),at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)) and excellent stability in alkaline condition.This kind of interface engineering based on the organic molecules can be applied to the design and manufacture of electrocatalysts in the field of energy conversion and storage.