NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF METHANE-AIR TURBULENT JET FLAME USING A NEW SECOND-ORDER MOMENT MODEL

A new second-order moment model for turbulent combustion is applied in the simulation of methane-air turbulent jet flame. The predicted results are compared with the experimental results and with those predicted using the well-known EBU-Arrhenius model and the original second-order moment model. The comparison shows the advantage of the new model that it requires almost the same computational storage and time as that of the original second-order moment model, but its modeling results are in better agreement with experiments than those using other models. Hence, the new second-order moment model is promising in modeling turbulent combustion with NOx formation with finite reaction rate for engineering application.

Comparison of a Full Second-Order Moment Model and an Algebraic Stress Two-Phase Turbulence Model for Simulating Bubble-Liquid Flows in a Bubble Column

A full second-order moment (FSM) model and an algebraic stress (ASM) two-phase turbulence modelare proposed and applied to predict turbulent bubble-liquid flows in a 2D rectangular bubble column. Predictiongives the bubble and liquid velocities, bubble volume fraction, bubble and liquid Reynolds stresses and bubble-liquidvelocity correlation. For predicted two-phase velocities and bubble volume fraction there is only slight differencebetween these two models, and the simulation results using both two models are in good agreement with the particleimage velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Although the predicted two-phase Reynolds stresses using the FSM are insomewhat better agreement with the PIV measurements than those predicted using the ASM, the Reynolds stressespredicted using both two models are in general agreement with the experiments. Therefore, it is suggested to usethe ASM two-phase turbulence model in engineering application for saving the computation time.

SECOND-ORDER MOMENT MODEL FOR DENSE TWO-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW OF BINGHAM FLUID WITH PARTICLES

The USM-θ model of Bingham fluid for dense two-phase turbulent flow was developed, which combines the second-order moment model for two-phase turbulence with the particle kinetic theory for the inter-particle collision. In this model, phases interaction and the extra term of Bingham fluid yield stress are taken into account. An algorithm for USM-θ model in dense two-phase flow was proposed, in which the influence of particle volume fraction is accounted for. This model was used to simulate turbulent flow of Bingham fluid single-phase and dense liquid-particle two-phase in pipe. It is shown USM-θ model has better prediction result than the five-equation model, in which the particle-particle collision is modeled by the particle kinetic theory, while the turbulence of both phase is simulated by the two-equation turbulence model. The USM-θ model was then used to simulate the dense two-phase turbulent up flow of Bingham fluid with particles. With the increasing of the yield stress, the velocities of Bingham and particle decrease near the pipe centre. Comparing the two-phase flow of Bingham-particle with that of liquid-particle, it is found the source term of yield stress has significant effect on flow.

Establishment of mathematical moment model in twin casting rolling rolls

In continuous casting rolling process, the deformed body is different from the hot rolling strip. The metal in casting rolling zone is first assumed to be viscous fluid and the mathematical model of casting rolling force is established, then the calculating formula for casting rolling torque is derived. In addition, considering the effects of deforming cone and appendant torque of rotary junctions sealing ring, the calculating model which accords with casting rolling condition is found out. Theoretical formula is proved by experiment.

Second-order moment modeling of dispersed two-phase turbulence——Part 1:USM,k-ε-k_p,and non-linear k-ε-k_p two-phase turbulence models

Turbulent dispersed multiphase flows,including gas-particle,gas-droplet and bubble-liquid flows,are widely encountered in various engineering facilities.Modeling of two-phase turbulence,in particular the dispersed phase turbulence,is the key problem in the Eulerian-Eulerian simulation of practical dispersed multiphase flows.Although different models were developed and used,the experimental validation shows that they cannot always give satisfactory prediction results.In this paper the present author give a detailed review of the unified second-order moment (USM),k-k p and nonlinear k-k p two-phase turbulence models,proposed by him.The derivation and closure of these models are described in detail and the experimental validation and application of these models are extensively discussed.

Second-order moment modeling of dispersed two-phase turbulence-Part 2-USM-Θ two-phase turbulence model and USM-SGS two-phase stress model

Dense gas-particle flows are frequently encountered in fluidized beds,riser and downer reactors,pneumatic transport and the near-wall zone of dilute gas-particle flows.Particle-particle collision plays an important role in the behavior of two-phase flows.In this paper a USM-Q two-phase turbulence model for dense gas-particle flows is proposed to account for both two-phase turbulence and inter-particle collision.For two-fluid large-eddy simulation of gas-particle flows,the author proposed a unified second-order moment(USM) two-phase SGS stress model and a two-phase k-kp SGS energy-equation stress model.The proposed models can fully account for the interaction between the gas and particle SGS stresses.

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model for simulating dense gas-particle flows

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model accounting for inter-particle collision is developed, based on the concepts of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision and through a unified treatment of these two kinds of fluctuations. The proposed model is used to simulate gas-particle flows in a channel and in a downer. Simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results reported in references and are near the results obtained using the sin- gle-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model superposed with a particle collision model （USM-θ model） in most regions.

Non-Uniform Pion Tetrahedron Aether and Electron Tetrahedron Model

We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.

EFFECT OF EMPIRICAL COEFFICIENTS ON SIMULATION IN TWO-SCALE SECOND-ORDER MOMENT PARTICLE-PHASE TURBULENCE MODEL

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model accounting for inter-particle collision is developed, based on the concept of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision. The proposed model is used to simulate gas-particle downer reactor flows. The computational results of both particle volume fraction and mean velocity are in agreement with the experimental results. After analyzing effects of empirical coefficient on prediction results, we can come to a conclusion that, inside the limit range of empirical coefficient, the predictions do not reveal a large sensitivity to the empirical coefficient in the downer reactor, but a relatively great change of the constants has important effect on the prediction.

Model predictive control of rigid spacecraft with two variable speed control moment gyroscopes

In this paper, an attitude maneuver control problem is investigated for a rigid spacecraft using an array of two variable speed control moment gyroscopes （VSCMGs） with gimbal axes skewed to each other. A mathematical model is constructed by taking the spacecraft and the gyroscopes together as an integrated system, with the coupling interaction between them considered. To overcome the singular issues of the VSCMGs due to the conventional torque-based method, the first-order derivative of gimbal rates and the second-order derivative of the rotor spinning velocity, instead of the gyroscope torques, are taken as input variables. Moreover, taking external disturbances into account, a feedback control law is designed for the system based on a method of nonlinear model predictive control （NMPC）. The attitude maneuver can be realized fast and smoothly by using the proposed controller in this paper.

Moment stability for a predator–prey model with parametric dichotomous noises

In this paper, we investigate the solution moment stability for a Harrison-type predator-prey model with parametric dichotomous noises. Using the Shapiro-Loginov formula, the equations for the first-order and second-order moments are obtained and the corresponding stable conditions are given. It is found that the solution moment stability depends on the noise intensity and correlation time of noise. The first-order and second-order moments become unstable with the decrease of correlation time. That is, the dichotomous noise can improve the solution moment stability with respect to Gaussian white noise. Finally, some numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical analyses.

Two-moment Bulk Stratiform Cloud Microphysics in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL)

A two-moment bulk stratiform microphysics scheme, including recently developed physically-based droplet activation/ice nucleation parameterizations has been implemented into the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） as an effort to enhance the model＇s capability to simulate aerosol indirect effects. Unlike the previous one-moment cloud microphysics scheme, the new scheme produces a reasonable rep- resentation of cloud particle size and number concentration. This scheme captures the observed spatial variations in cloud droplet number concentrations. Simulated ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus clouds qualitatively agree with in situ observations. The longwave and shortwave cloud forcings are in better agreement with observations. Sensitivity tests show that the column cloud droplet number concentrations calculated from two different droplet activation parameterizations are similar. However, ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phased clouds is sensitive to different heterogeneous ice nucleation formulations. The simulation with high ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds has less liquid water path and weaker cloud forcing. ~rthermore, ice crystal number concentration in cirrus clouds is sensitive to different ice nucleation parameterizations. Sensitivity tests also suggest that the impact of pre-existing ice crystals on homogeneous freezing in old clouds should be taken into account.

Paramagnetic Meissner effect of high T_c superconductors II——A phenomenological local moment model

A range of powdered Bi:2 212 samples exhibiting the paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) are systematically examined. Interpretation of the results is made in terms of a phenomenological model in which there is a concentration within the material of small local moments that can be polarized during a field cooling. Information about the magnitudes of these local m0oments and their distribution are deduced. Relations between the local moments and the particle sizes, the weak link, oxygen content and the interactions between the local moments are also discussed. Comparison of the results from small particles and bulk samples shows that conclusions obtained from small particle experiments are reliable and universal.

市场激励型环境规制与区域绿色创新效率——基于产业结构优化的中介作用和财政分权的调节作用

市场激励型环境规制是解决环境治理负外部性、推进区域绿色创新效率的重要途径。以2005~2020年省级面板数据为研究对象,采用系统广义矩模型(GMM)法检验市场激励型环境规制对区域绿色创新效率的影响效应及作用机理。结果表明:市场激励型环境规制能够显著促进区域绿色创新效率的提升;从影响机制来看,市场激励型环境规制可以通过促进产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化显著促进区域绿色创新效率的提升。此外,有效的财政分权环境能够正向调节市场激励型环境规制与区域绿色创新效率的关系。

Some Additional Moment Conditions for a Dynamic Count Panel Data Model with Predetermined Explanatory Variables

This paper proposes some additional moment conditions for the linear feedback model with explanatory variables being predetermined, which is proposed by [1] for the purpose of dealing with count panel data. The newly proposed moment conditions include those associated with the equidispersion, the Negbin I-type model and the stationarity. The GMM estimators are constructed incorporating the additional moment conditions. Some Monte Carlo experiments indicate that the GMM estimators incorporating the additional moment conditions perform well, compared to that using only the conventional moment conditions proposed by [2,3].

Nuclear Bag Model and Nuclear Magnetic Moments

In this paper a nuclear bag model is proposed in which the nucleus is treatedas a spherical symmetric MIT bag and the nucleons satisfy the MIT bag model bounda-ry condition.The model is employed to calculate nuclear magnetic moments of finitenuclei.The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Asymptotic Comparison of Method of Moments Estimators and Maximum Likelihood Estimators of Parameters in Zero-Inflated Poisson Model

This paper discusses the estimation of parameters in the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model by the method of moments. The method of moments estimators (MMEs) are analytically compared with the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). The results of a modest simulation study are presented.

批产卫星磁试验流程优化方法

为了在确保验证有效性的同时提高批产卫星的磁试验效率,提出了一种优化批产卫星磁试验流程的方法.建立了与卫星磁试验国际标准相适应的卫星剩磁矩和杂散磁矩模型,揭示了批产卫星各星之间磁矩的相关性,并以此优化和重构了卫星磁试验流程.将优化后的流程应用于3种批产的卫星或部件的磁试验中,结果表明:该方法在整星磁试验中的有效性为85.7%,可将整星磁试验周期压缩92.6%;在部件磁试验中的有效性为100%,可将部件磁试验周期压缩53.8%,为未来批产卫星磁试验的流程优化和标准编制提供了理论参考.

基于火箭简化模型的多状态模型修正研究

火箭发射过程中燃料的不断减少导致火箭结构不断变化,结构的固有频率和模态振型也会随之变化。针对有限元模型的不准确性,以截面惯性矩为修正参数,不同状态下数值仿真结果与试验测试结果的误差最小为目标函数,建立多状态模型修正的优化模型。通过灵敏度分析和一阶泰勒展开对目标函数进行显式化处理,并利用序列线性规划求解得到设计变量的最优解。同时对于多状态结构,以多截面简支梁模型为例,利用锤击法对简支梁进行试验,设计磁吸重物方案模拟多状态模型,以单截面简支梁试验的前4阶频率为目标函数建立优化模型,经过修正将多截面简支梁模型修正为单截面简支梁模型,并且符合截面惯性矩与面积的比例,验证了多状态模型修正方法的准确性。