Study on Tissue Culture and Radiation Mutation of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao

[Objective] The research aimed to study the tissue culture technology and callus induction by radiation mutation of A. membranaceus Bge. [ Method ] With the different parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus （ Bge. ） Hsiao aseptic seedling as explants （ leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls） induced callus, and cotyledon and hypocotyls taken by the method of radiation mutation were studied. [ Result]The results showed that the three explants had relatively high callus induced rate in the medium which respectively made up of MS ＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L ＋ NAA2.0 mg/L, LS ＋6-BA2.0 mg/L ＋NAA0.1 mg/L, MS ＋ 6-BA2.0 rng/L ＋ NAA2.0 rag/L; the optimum mutation time of hypocotyls and cotyledons was 15 minutes; the growth of the callus induced from hypocotyls would be better as the mutation time increased, but when it reached a certain time the growth would be weaken, the induction rate also would be reduced. [ Conclusion] This study will provide the scientific reference in tissue culture and mutation breeding of A. membranaceus Bge.

Mechanism prediction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis Diels in treating interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.

Mechanism prediction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis Diels in treating interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.

Studies of Chemical Constituents and Their Antioxidant Activities From Astragalus mongholicus Bunge

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of different chemical constituents from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and their protection against xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Methods The compounds of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were isolated by chromatography and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data interpretation. Their antioxidant activities were detected by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities in a cell-free system. Meanwhile, the effects against XA/XO-induced toxicity were assessed using MTT assay in PC12 cells. Results Ten principal constituents were isolated and identified as formononetin （Ⅰ）, ononin （Ⅱ）, calycosin （Ⅲ）, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅳ）, 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅴ）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, pinitol （Ⅶ）, daucosterol （Ⅷ）, β-sitoster （Ⅸ） and saccharose （Ⅹ） from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. The compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ scavenged DPPH free radicals in vitro. Formononetin and calycosin were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced cell injury significantly, with an estimated EC50 of 50 ng/mL. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ are first reported in this plant. Calycosin exhibits the most potent antioxidant activity both in the cell-free system and in the cell system.

Protection of PC12 Cells against Superoxide-induced Damage by Isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus

Objective To further investigate the neuroprotective effects of five isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus on xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced injury to PC12 cells. Methods PC12 cells were damaged by XA/XO. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, MTT, LDH, and GSH assays were used to evaluate the protection of these five isofavonoids. Contents of Bcl-2 family proteins were determined with flow cytometry. Results Among the five isoflavonoids including formononetin, ononin, 9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced injury to PC12 cells. Their ECs0values of formononetin and calycosin were 0.05 μg/mL. Moreover, treatment with these three isoflavonoids prevented a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, while formononetin and calycosin could prevent a significant deletion of GSH. In addition, only calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were shown to inhibit XO activity in cell-free system, with an approximate IC50 value of 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. Formononetin and calycosin had no significant infuence on Bcl-2 or Bax protein contents. Conclusion Neuroprotection of formononetin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside may be mediated by increasing endogenous antioxidants, rather by inhibiting XO activities or by scavenging free radicals.

Two new saponins from the aerial part of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus

Two new saponins named mongholicoside A （1） and mongholicoside B （2） were isolated from the aerial part of Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS techniques and chemical methods.

Comparative analysis of twenty-five compounds in different parts of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus by UPLC-MS/MS

As a traditional Chinese medicine,the root of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM) or A.membranaceus(AM) has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.Till now,the flavonoids,phenolic acids and saponins are considered as the main active components contributing to their therapeutic effect in these plants.In order to clarify the distribution and contents of these compounds in different organs of these plants,a rapid and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of 25 active compounds including seven types(i.e.dihydroflavones,isoflavane,isoflavones,flavones.pterocarpans,phenolic acid and saponins) within 10 min was established using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Then,the established method was fully validated and successfully applied to the determination of the contents of these analytes in different parts(root,rhizome,stem,leaf and flower) of AMM and AM.The results indicated that the contents of the same type of compounds in two different species plants were significantly different.Moreover,the obvious differences were also found for the distribution and contents of different type of compounds in five organs of the same species.The present study could provide necessary information for the rational development and utilization of AMM and AM resource.

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the valuable medicinal plant <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i>

Astragalus mongholicus (Fabaceae) is a perennial herb and a widely used medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known as Radix Astragali (Huangqi). It was reported to have hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiaging, sedative and immunopotentiating effects, and could also be used as an adjuvant medicine during cancer therapy. Until now, there is only a little research on its population genetics and no report on development of microsatellite loci for this plant. In this study, a microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA library of A. mongholicus was developed and screened to identify marker loci. Ten polymorphic loci were isolated and analyzed by screening 30 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 19, with an average of 12.3 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity (HO) and the expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.367 to 1.000 and from 0.395 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.361 to 0.888, with an average of 0.762. This is the first report on characterization of microsatellite loci for A. mongholicus, and these markers will be useful for population genetics and molecular ecology studies of this plant.

Effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction and Astragalus mongholicus on platelet activating factor receptor activity in rabbits in vitro

BACKGROUND: The pharmacological action of traditional Chinese medicine compound is the comprehensive effect of the various ingredients, and the interactions of various ingredients are closely correlated with the final effect. In order to reveal the compatibility mechanism of BHD's prescription in treating and preventing ischemic cerebrovascular disease, we needed explore the effect and relation of ingredients in the prescription. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD) and Astragalus mongholicus on the activity of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in the platelet of rabbits in vitro, and investigate the mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus. DESIGN: A decomposed recipes study. SETTING: Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Five New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2-3 kg, both sexes, were used. BHD was composed of Sheng Huang Qi 120 g, Dang Gui Wei 6 g, Chi Shao 4.5 g, Chuan Xiong 3 g, Di Long 3 g, Tao Ren 3 g, Hong Hua 3 g. The prescription for activating blood circulation consisted of Dang Gui Wei 6 g, Chi Shao 4.5 g, Chuan Xiong 3 g, Di Long 3 g, Tao Ren 3 g and Hong Hua 3 g. The prescription for invigorating qi consisted of 120 g Sheng Huang Qi. The prepared herbal pieces were purchased from the traditional Chinese medicine Dispensary of Foshan Second People's Hospital, and appraised by Professor Xu from Science of Chinese Materia Medica College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 3H-PAF was supplied by Amersham Co., Ltd. (specific activity: 6. 475 TBq/mmol; batch number: 200402); PAF standard by Biomol Co., Ltd. (batch number: P1318V). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September to December 2004. ① Injections of BHD, prescriptions for activating blood circulation and invigorating qi were prepared by the decoction and alcohol sedimentation technique. Rabbit common carotid artery blood (40 mL) was drawn via intubation to prepare platelet suspension of (0.8-1.0)×1010 L-1. ② Determination of 3H-PAF and washed PAFR binding: The general combination tube (T) contained washed platelet-rich plasma (WPRP) 380 μL + 3H-PAF (0.35 nmol/L)10 μL+distilled water 5 μL; The nonspecific binding tube (P) contained WPRP 380 μL+3H-PAF(0.35 nmol/L)10 μL+cold PAF (1 μmol/L) 5 μL; The sample tube (Y) contained WPRP 380 μL+3H-PAF(0.35 nmol/L)10 μL+experimental medicine (injection of BHD, prescriptions for activating blood circulation or invigorating qi) 5 μL. The test was conducted for three times for each sample in the same way as mentioned above. The samples were shaken on the oscillator for 30 s, then bathed at 25 ℃ for 40 minutes, and the reaction was terminated with cold Tris buffer containing 0.1% BSA, multichannel cell detachment separator was used for vacuum suction to filter the separated free 3H-PAF, and the filter paper was washed with cold Tris buffer for four times, then dried in the baking oven (80 ℃) for 1 hour, and placed in xylol liquid scintillator, and the radioactivity was determined automatically by the liquid scintillation detector. The mean of the three parallel tubes was calculated. The specific binging inhibition rate was calculated: SBIR=[(T-Y)/(T-P)]×100%]. ③ Univariate analysis of variance was conducted. And for comparison of each paired groups, the q test was adopted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of BHD whole prescription, prescriptions for activating blood circulation and invigorating qi on the specific binding inhibition rate of 3H-PAF and PAFR. RESULTS: BHD, prescriptions for activating blood circulation and invigorating qi were all able to inhibit the specific binding of 3H-PAF to PAFR, the specific blinding inhibition rates were (45.90±7.50)%, (97.90±1.84)% and (26.75±2.48)%, respectively, and there were significant differences between every two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Single Astragalus mongholicus (120 g) can inhibit the specific blinding of PAFR in the platelet of the rabbit with 3H-PAF, but the combination of Astragalus mongholicus with the drugs for activating blood circulation in BHD can significantly decrease the inhibiting action of the latter on PAFR activity of the platelet, reflecting the combined mechanism of 'removing blood stasis without injuring the vital qi' in BHD.

不同垄作方式和种植密度对丹参产量与主要成分含量的影响

为探究不同栽培方式和生长时期对丹参根与地上部产量和主要活性成分含量的影响,本研究以紫花丹参为试验材料,采用小垄单行[三种密度:H1(8万株·hm^(-2))、H2(10万株·hm^(-2))、H3(13.3万株·hm^(-2))]与大垄双行[三种密度:H4(8万株·hm^(-2))、H5(10万株·hm^(-2))、H6(13.3万株·hm^(-2))]两种垄作方式,动态取样,测定并分析不同垄作方式、种植密度和生长时期的单株重、产量、主要活性成分含量及积累规律。结果表明,大垄双行丹参单株干重、产量、根的主要活性成分含量平均值均高于小垄单行。根的单株干重和产量的最佳处理分别为H5(48.09 g)、H4(5986.69 kg·hm^(-2)),均在11月19日最高;地上部单株干重和产量的最佳处理均为H4(50.34 g、6712.75 kg·hm^(-2)),均在10月14日最高。根中主要活性成分总含量(总丹参酮+总黄酮+总酚酸)在两种垄作方式下均呈“升-降-升”的变化趋势,最佳处理为H4(295.4 mg·g^(-1)),在9月7日最高;叶、茎中(总黄酮+总酚酸)总含量的最佳处理分别为H4(238.42 mg·g^(-1))、H6(122.43 mg·g^(-1)),均在10月14日最高;丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮和丹酚酸B四种活性成分总含量的最佳处理为H6(63.23 mg·g^(-1))。综上,大垄双行栽培方式优于小垄单行。本研究结果为丹参的合理种植及根与地上部综合开发利用提供了理论依据。

欧李营养价值及开发利用研究进展

欧李是我国特有的野生灌木果树,果、仁、花、叶、根等均可利用,具有显著的经济、药用、生态和观赏价值。综述了欧李的营养价值和当前开发利用情况,探讨了开发利用过程中存在的问题并进行了展望,以期为今后欧李的综合开发利用提供参考和理论基础。

白盒SM4优化算法在水印技术中的应用

针对目前应用软件缺乏防止动态调试方法的问题,提出了一种白盒SM4算法与水印技术相结合的方法。对白盒SM4算法的仿射变换及迭代进行合理的优化,结合水印算法的关键技术,检测代码是否被篡改。如果被篡改就立即启动响应代码,通过改变其入口函数等方式,使程序失效。在满足手机应用白盒环境的前提下,其空间复杂度可降低为原来的1/2,时间效率可以提升四倍左右。通过数据计算可知,所提的白盒算法满足多样性要求,并可以抵御BGE(Billet,Gilbert,Ech-Chatbi)攻击。

高能重离子束辐射对黄芪幼苗的生物学效应研究

为了探讨不同剂量高能重离子束辐射对中药材黄芪幼苗的生物学效应以及黄芪重离子束辐射诱变育种的推荐剂量,利用不同剂量的重离子束辐射7日苗龄的黄芪幼苗,在辐射后第10天测定了存活率、幼苗高度、叶片数、茎秆直径、鲜根重和叶形态参数;辐射后第20天起,每隔20 d测量叶片中叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性和氧化指数。结果表明,随辐射剂量的增加,黄芪幼苗的存活率、株高和鲜根重相对于对照组都有所下降。5和10 Gy辐射后,鲜根重量分别减少31.80%和49.99%。辐射组幼苗的第1和第2分枝的叶片出现畸形、萎缩和形态损伤。辐射后第20天,辐射组的活性氧、膜质过氧化物和叶绿素含量与对照组相比显著下降,而辐射后第60天,与对照组相当。辐射后,除最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))略有增加外,黄芪幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数均有所下降。本研究结果表明:随重离子束辐射剂量的增加,黄芪幼苗的生长发育受到抑制;辐射后随着植株的生长,辐射对生长的抑制作用有所缓解;推荐的诱变剂量区间为10 Gy左右。本研究结果为黄芪高能重离子束辐射诱变育种提供了必要的基础数据。

山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge．)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge．）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带，其中89条显示多态性，平均每个引物扩增出7．4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带，其中94条显示多态性，平均每个引物扩增出7．2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记，利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0．62（RAPD）和0～0．64（ISSR），表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。

Study on Tanshinone Extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Dregs

[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.

有机肥和海藻酸配施提高盐碱地蒙古黄芪抗逆性和品质

[目的]研究有机肥施用量和海藻酸施用浓度对盐碱地蒙古黄芪[Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao]光合效率、抗逆能力、产量和质量的影响,为盐碱地中蒙古黄芪生态种植的合理施肥提供理论参考。[方法]以蒙古黄芪种苗为材料,连续两年在内蒙古固阳县的盐碱地上开展了大田试验。试验采用两因素三水平完全设计,两因素为有机肥(O)、海藻酸(A)。3个有机肥施用量为0、1200、2400kg/hm^(2),分别记为O0、O1、O2;3个海藻酸施用浓度为0、1、2 g/L,分别记为A0、A1、A2,共组成9个处理。于蒙古黄芪种苗返青后60天开始测定叶片光合效率参数、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,于蒙古黄芪种苗返青后120天开始测定根系产量、药效成分和重金属含量。[结果]相较于O0处理,O1、O2处理黄芪两年净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和气孔导度(G_s)分别提高了13.6%~29.2%、17.0%~32.3%、14.8%~21.2%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提高了10.4%~24.0%、9.5%~13.5%、7.5%~29.5%,可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别提高了11.0%~28.8%、22.3%~94.3%、13.2%~61.4%,根系产量提高了3.8%~8.1%,黄芪甲苷(AIV)和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷(C7G)含量分别提高了7.4%~19.4%、4.5%~22.7%,Pb、Cd、As和Cu含量分别下降了1.4%~16.0%、5.0%~19.5%、5.6%~9.7%、11.5%~35.2%。相较于A0处理,A1处理显著提高了黄芪光合效率、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,提升了根系产量和药效成分含量,Pb、Cd、As、Hg和Cu含量分别降低了12.0%~22.2%、6.9%~17.1%、7.5%~13.3%、7.1%~18.9%、16.1%~21.9%。2022、2023年均以O2A1处理的产量(6887、7153 kg/hm^(2))最高,OOA2处理的产量(6065、6278 kg/hm^(2))最低。2022、2023年O1A1处理的两种药效成分含量最高,AIV含量(0.144%、0.148%)较O2A1提高了5.1%~7.2%,C7G含量(0.059%、0.060%)较O2A1处理提高了5.3%~13.5%。[结论]施用有机肥和适宜浓度的海藻酸均可增强蒙古黄芪的光合效率,提高蒙古黄芪的抗逆能力,进而提高蒙古黄芪的产量和药用品质。以施用有机肥1200 kg/hm^(2)配合喷施浓度为1g/L的海藻酸提升盐碱地蒙古黄芪产量、品质和抗逆能力的效果最佳,且没有引起重金属污染的风险。

蒙古黄芪植株再生及增殖体系建立

以蒙古黄芪种子繁育而来的无菌苗获得的外植体(根、叶片、胚轴)为试材,通过设定不同浓度的生长调控激素6-BA、2,4-D、NAA,研究不同外植体在不同浓度激素的培养条件下对其愈伤组织诱导率、试管苗增殖及生根情况的影响,以期为蒙古黄芪不同组织外植体的愈伤组织诱导、植株分化及增殖培养条件提供参考依据。结果表明:以根、胚轴、叶片为外植体材料均可诱导愈伤组织产生,其中以胚轴为外植体为最优选择,愈伤组织诱导率最高达97.92%,最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^(-1)+6-BA 0.5 mg·L^(-1)+NAA 0.5 mg·L^(-1)+蔗糖3.0%;试管苗增殖的最佳培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^(-1)+KT 0.5 mg·L^(-1)+蔗糖3.0%,再生植株平均分化率最高为92.67%;生根培养时,最适宜的培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg·L^(-1)+白砂糖3.0%。该试验建立了蒙古黄芪植株再生及增殖体系,在黄芪生产实践中具有重要推广价值。

保水剂对杜梨(P. betulaefolia Bge.)生长及生理的影响

在盆栽条件下，对保水剂处理的杜梨苗木的生长及生理状况进行比较研究。研究结果表明，在自然生长环境中，3种保水剂用量处理对杜梨苗木生长量依次为T2（50g／盘）、T3（70g／盘），T1（25g／盘），且生长量显著高于对照；而在干旱胁迫条件下，随着保水剂用量增加生长量也增加，且苗木生存期显著延长，比对照显著提高29．7％～58．2％。在干旱胁迫前期，净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）随剂量增加而上升，但达到一定剂量会受水分的胁迫而下降；而在干旱21d时，净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）随剂量增加而上升。

盐胁迫对梭梭(HaloxylonammodendzonBge.)幼苗体内保护酶系统活性的影响

分别用０、１％、２％、３％和４％ＮａＣｌ盐溶液处理梭梭幼苗１２ｈ．测定体内ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性，ＭＤＡ和蛋白质含量，电导率．结果表明：梭梭幼苗在适当的ＮａＣｌ胁迫下，体内能维持较高的保护酶活性；较低的膜脂过氧化作用和细胞膜透性．说明梭梭具有较强的耐盐性．

白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材生长的影响

为研究白星花金龟(Potosia brevitarsis Lewis)虫粪砂对内蒙道地药材的肥效,采用田间栽培方式,以蚯蚓粪为有机肥对照、化肥为无机肥对照、不施肥为空白对照,研究施用白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材——黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)、蒙古黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunge)、柴胡(Bupleurum chinense)生长情况的影响。结果表明:施用白星花金龟虫粪砂可以显著提高黄芩的株高(16.51%)、地上部鲜质量(452.14%)、主根长(54.08%)、芦头直径(105.93%)、侧根数(44.33%)、根部鲜质量(193.59%)、根部干质量(231.25%)、叶绿素相对质量分数(SPAD,80.78%)、氮质量分数(63.58%)、叶面相对湿度(63.60%)等生长指标,蒙古黄芪的芦头直径(45.45%)、SPAD值(8.33%)、氮质量分数(6.72%)、叶面相对湿度(6.72%)等生长指标,以及柴胡的株高(61.46%)、干物质质量分数(99.91%)、SPAD值(21.91%)、氮质量分数(17.69%)、叶面相对湿度(17.69%)等生长指标。说明白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材生长有着不同程度的有利影响,通过主成分分析,其对黄芩的有利影响最大,蒙古黄芪、柴胡次之。