Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was...Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was evaluated to be a very good alternative to soil in previous tests and a combination of soil (65% wt.wt-1) and coal bottom ash (35% wt.wt-1) was evaluated to be the most feasible materials for ET cover systems. In our pot test, selected manure compost as soil amendment for the composite ET cover system, which was made of soil and bottom ash at ca. 40 Mg.ha-1 application level was very effective to promote vegetation growth of three plants;namely, garden cosmos (Cosmosbipinnatus), Chinese bushclover (Lespedezacuneata), and leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). To evaluate the effect of compost application on plant growth in an ET vegetative cover system, two couples of lysimeters, packed with soil and a mixture of soil and bottom ash, were installed in a pilot landfill cover system in 2007. Manure composts were applied at the rates of 0 and ?40 Mg.ha-11before sowing the five plant species, i.e.indigo-bush (Amorphafruticosa), Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps, Arundinella hirta, Lespedezacuneata, and Lespedezacyrtobotrya). Unseeded native plant (green foxtail,Setaria viridis) was dominant in all treatments in the 1st year after installation while the growth of the sown plants significantly improved over the years. Total biomass productivity significantly increased with manure compost application, and more significantly increased in the composite ET cover made of soil and bottom ash treatment compared to the single soil ET cover, mainly due to more improved soil nutrient levels promoting vegetation growth and maintaining the vegetation system. The use of bottom ash as a mixing material in ET cover systems has a strong potential as an alternative to fine-grained soils, and manure compost addition can effectively enhance vegetative propagation in ET cover systems.展开更多
The application of metal nanoparticles as an efficient drug delivery system is one of the directions of cancer therapy development.However,this strategy requires precise information about how the drug interacts with t...The application of metal nanoparticles as an efficient drug delivery system is one of the directions of cancer therapy development.However,this strategy requires precise information about how the drug interacts with the applied nanocarrier.In this study,atomic force microscopy combined with infrared spectroscopy(AFM-IR)was used for the first time to investigate the erlotinib adsorption structure on two different types of 15 nm metal nanoparticle mono-layers,namely,silver nanoparticle(AgNP)and gold nanoparticle(AuNP)mono-layers.Because the metal nanoparticles are loosely bound samples,only the tapping AFM-IR mode is suitable for the collection of IR maps and spectra for such a system.The obtained results indicated the relevance of the AFM-IR technique for characterizing drug interactions with a metal mono-layer surface.The investigated drug interacts with the AgNPs mainly through phenyl rings and methoxy moieties,while quinazoline,amino,and ethoxy moieties appear to be farther from the surface.For the AuNPs,the interaction occurs through both the phenyl ring and the quinazoline moiety.Additionally,the aliphatic groups of erlotinib directly participate in this interaction.The novelty of the present work is also related to the use of the tapping AFM-IR mode to study metal NP mono-layers with a drug adsorbed on them.The collected IR maps for the most enhanced erlotinib bands show specific areas with very high signal intensity.The connection between these areas and the"hot spots"typical for the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon of metals is considered.展开更多
以 Ni Cr合金粉做钎料适当控制钎焊工艺条件 ,成功研制了单层钎焊金刚石砂轮 .利用扫描电镜和 X射线能谱 ,结合金相及试样逐层的 X射线衍射结构分析 ,剖析了 Ni Cr合金与金刚石和钢基体钎焊界面的微区组织结构 ,揭示了 Ni Cr合金对金刚...以 Ni Cr合金粉做钎料适当控制钎焊工艺条件 ,成功研制了单层钎焊金刚石砂轮 .利用扫描电镜和 X射线能谱 ,结合金相及试样逐层的 X射线衍射结构分析 ,剖析了 Ni Cr合金与金刚石和钢基体钎焊界面的微区组织结构 ,揭示了 Ni Cr合金对金刚石和钢基体的浸润性及钎焊机理 .钎焊过程中 Ni Cr合金中的 Cr元素在金刚石界面形成富 Cr层并与金刚石表面的 C元素反应生成 Cr7C3;在钢基体结合界面上 Ni Cr合金和钢基体中的元素相互扩散形成冶金结合 .这是实现合金层与金刚石及钢基体之间都有较高结合强度的主要因素 。展开更多
文摘Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was evaluated to be a very good alternative to soil in previous tests and a combination of soil (65% wt.wt-1) and coal bottom ash (35% wt.wt-1) was evaluated to be the most feasible materials for ET cover systems. In our pot test, selected manure compost as soil amendment for the composite ET cover system, which was made of soil and bottom ash at ca. 40 Mg.ha-1 application level was very effective to promote vegetation growth of three plants;namely, garden cosmos (Cosmosbipinnatus), Chinese bushclover (Lespedezacuneata), and leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). To evaluate the effect of compost application on plant growth in an ET vegetative cover system, two couples of lysimeters, packed with soil and a mixture of soil and bottom ash, were installed in a pilot landfill cover system in 2007. Manure composts were applied at the rates of 0 and ?40 Mg.ha-11before sowing the five plant species, i.e.indigo-bush (Amorphafruticosa), Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps, Arundinella hirta, Lespedezacuneata, and Lespedezacyrtobotrya). Unseeded native plant (green foxtail,Setaria viridis) was dominant in all treatments in the 1st year after installation while the growth of the sown plants significantly improved over the years. Total biomass productivity significantly increased with manure compost application, and more significantly increased in the composite ET cover made of soil and bottom ash treatment compared to the single soil ET cover, mainly due to more improved soil nutrient levels promoting vegetation growth and maintaining the vegetation system. The use of bottom ash as a mixing material in ET cover systems has a strong potential as an alternative to fine-grained soils, and manure compost addition can effectively enhance vegetative propagation in ET cover systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Centre Poland(No.2016/21/D/ST4/02178 to N.P.).N.P.gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the French Government and the French Embassy in Poland.These researches were also supported by the Paris Ile-de-France Region-DIM Materiaux anciens et patrim oniaux.The m easurem ents were partly perform ed using the equipm ent purchased in the frame of the project co-funded by the MatopolskaRegional Operational Program Measure 5.1 Krakow Metropolitan Areaas an important hub of the European Research Area for 2007-2013,project no.MRP0.05.01.00-12-013/15e.
文摘The application of metal nanoparticles as an efficient drug delivery system is one of the directions of cancer therapy development.However,this strategy requires precise information about how the drug interacts with the applied nanocarrier.In this study,atomic force microscopy combined with infrared spectroscopy(AFM-IR)was used for the first time to investigate the erlotinib adsorption structure on two different types of 15 nm metal nanoparticle mono-layers,namely,silver nanoparticle(AgNP)and gold nanoparticle(AuNP)mono-layers.Because the metal nanoparticles are loosely bound samples,only the tapping AFM-IR mode is suitable for the collection of IR maps and spectra for such a system.The obtained results indicated the relevance of the AFM-IR technique for characterizing drug interactions with a metal mono-layer surface.The investigated drug interacts with the AgNPs mainly through phenyl rings and methoxy moieties,while quinazoline,amino,and ethoxy moieties appear to be farther from the surface.For the AuNPs,the interaction occurs through both the phenyl ring and the quinazoline moiety.Additionally,the aliphatic groups of erlotinib directly participate in this interaction.The novelty of the present work is also related to the use of the tapping AFM-IR mode to study metal NP mono-layers with a drug adsorbed on them.The collected IR maps for the most enhanced erlotinib bands show specific areas with very high signal intensity.The connection between these areas and the"hot spots"typical for the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon of metals is considered.
文摘以 Ni Cr合金粉做钎料适当控制钎焊工艺条件 ,成功研制了单层钎焊金刚石砂轮 .利用扫描电镜和 X射线能谱 ,结合金相及试样逐层的 X射线衍射结构分析 ,剖析了 Ni Cr合金与金刚石和钢基体钎焊界面的微区组织结构 ,揭示了 Ni Cr合金对金刚石和钢基体的浸润性及钎焊机理 .钎焊过程中 Ni Cr合金中的 Cr元素在金刚石界面形成富 Cr层并与金刚石表面的 C元素反应生成 Cr7C3;在钢基体结合界面上 Ni Cr合金和钢基体中的元素相互扩散形成冶金结合 .这是实现合金层与金刚石及钢基体之间都有较高结合强度的主要因素 。
