Multi-crystalline silicon ingots produced using directional solidification systems(DSS)represent the best way to obtain high quality crystalline silicon at low prices and with high throughputs.The DSS technology is wi...Multi-crystalline silicon ingots produced using directional solidification systems(DSS)represent the best way to obtain high quality crystalline silicon at low prices and with high throughputs.The DSS technology is widespread among PV silicon ingot producers and hundreds of furnaces are manufactured worldwide every year.The present challenge for crystal growers is to increase the quality of ingot and to reduce the specific energy consumption and cost. The first goal can be reached by changing the DS process to a Mono-Like-Casting process,while the second one has pushed some companies to develop new DSS furnaces able to grow ingots up to 800 kg.The main features and the characteristic design of the hot-zone in the iDSS(induction-DSS)furnace are presented,also in comparison with the standard DSSs ones.The reduction of the thickness of insulation boards,the smaller size of the hot-zone and the selective lateral induction coil system lead to an optimal control of the thermal instabilities into the silicon melt,increasing the ingot quality.In fact,the lateral induction coil system is equipped with independent turns connections and it can be used to force selectively-at different vertical positions-the most suitable thermal condition.In this way,one is able to compensate the radiative thermal losses and create a 'virtual' adiabatic wall,producing a planar solidification front or modeling the radial thermal gradient in order to obtain the desired solidification front shapes.In previous papers,the authors have presented some preliminary results obtained with a iDSS furnace^([4][5][6]).In the present paper is proposed a discussion about the numerical analysis of Mono-Like-Casting process with iDSS furnace capacity up to 120 kg of silicon feedstock.The furnace is actually under construction in the context of research activities of PFV(Polo Fotovoltaico Veneto).展开更多
Polo-like kinase(PLK1) has been identified as a potential target for cancer treatment.Although a number of small molecules have been investigated as PLK1 inhibitors, many of which showed limited selectivity. PLK1 harb...Polo-like kinase(PLK1) has been identified as a potential target for cancer treatment.Although a number of small molecules have been investigated as PLK1 inhibitors, many of which showed limited selectivity. PLK1 harbors a regulatory domain, the Polo box domain(PBD), which has a key regulatory function for kinase activity and substrate recognition. We report on 3-bromomethylbenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(designated: MCC1019) as selective PLK1 inhibitor targeting PLK1 PBD. Cytotoxicity and fluorescence polarization-based screening were applied to a library of 1162 drug-like compounds to identify potential inhibitors of PLK1 PBD. The activity of compound MC1019 against the PLK1 PBD was confirmed using fluorescence polarization and microscale thermophoresis.This compound exerted specificity towards PLK1 over PLK2 and PLK3. MCC1019 showed cytotoxic activity in a panel of different cancer cell lines. Mechanistic investigations in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells revealed that MCC1019 induced cell growth inhibition through inactivation of AKT signaling pathway, it also induced prolonged mitotic arrest—a phenomenon known as mitotic catastrophe, which is followed by immediate cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis. MCC1019 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine lung cancer model without affecting body weight or vital organ size, and reduced the growth of metastatic lesions in the lung. We propose MCC1019 as promising anti-cancer drug candidate.展开更多
文摘Multi-crystalline silicon ingots produced using directional solidification systems(DSS)represent the best way to obtain high quality crystalline silicon at low prices and with high throughputs.The DSS technology is widespread among PV silicon ingot producers and hundreds of furnaces are manufactured worldwide every year.The present challenge for crystal growers is to increase the quality of ingot and to reduce the specific energy consumption and cost. The first goal can be reached by changing the DS process to a Mono-Like-Casting process,while the second one has pushed some companies to develop new DSS furnaces able to grow ingots up to 800 kg.The main features and the characteristic design of the hot-zone in the iDSS(induction-DSS)furnace are presented,also in comparison with the standard DSSs ones.The reduction of the thickness of insulation boards,the smaller size of the hot-zone and the selective lateral induction coil system lead to an optimal control of the thermal instabilities into the silicon melt,increasing the ingot quality.In fact,the lateral induction coil system is equipped with independent turns connections and it can be used to force selectively-at different vertical positions-the most suitable thermal condition.In this way,one is able to compensate the radiative thermal losses and create a 'virtual' adiabatic wall,producing a planar solidification front or modeling the radial thermal gradient in order to obtain the desired solidification front shapes.In previous papers,the authors have presented some preliminary results obtained with a iDSS furnace^([4][5][6]).In the present paper is proposed a discussion about the numerical analysis of Mono-Like-Casting process with iDSS furnace capacity up to 120 kg of silicon feedstock.The furnace is actually under construction in the context of research activities of PFV(Polo Fotovoltaico Veneto).
基金partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG INST 268/281-1 FUGG and BE 4572/3-1,Germany)
文摘Polo-like kinase(PLK1) has been identified as a potential target for cancer treatment.Although a number of small molecules have been investigated as PLK1 inhibitors, many of which showed limited selectivity. PLK1 harbors a regulatory domain, the Polo box domain(PBD), which has a key regulatory function for kinase activity and substrate recognition. We report on 3-bromomethylbenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(designated: MCC1019) as selective PLK1 inhibitor targeting PLK1 PBD. Cytotoxicity and fluorescence polarization-based screening were applied to a library of 1162 drug-like compounds to identify potential inhibitors of PLK1 PBD. The activity of compound MC1019 against the PLK1 PBD was confirmed using fluorescence polarization and microscale thermophoresis.This compound exerted specificity towards PLK1 over PLK2 and PLK3. MCC1019 showed cytotoxic activity in a panel of different cancer cell lines. Mechanistic investigations in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells revealed that MCC1019 induced cell growth inhibition through inactivation of AKT signaling pathway, it also induced prolonged mitotic arrest—a phenomenon known as mitotic catastrophe, which is followed by immediate cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis. MCC1019 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine lung cancer model without affecting body weight or vital organ size, and reduced the growth of metastatic lesions in the lung. We propose MCC1019 as promising anti-cancer drug candidate.
