Antidiabetic Properties of Bidens pilosa and Its Polyacetylenic Compounds for Management of Diabetes: Systematic Review

Bidens pilosa is a member of the Asteraceae family that is widely distributed across the tropics. It has been utilized by different communities both as food and medicinal herb. This plant and its polyacetylenic compounds hold potential as a natural antidiabetic intervention that can be used to combat this global public health problem. Bioactive compounds found in this plant constitute promising interventions for combating obesity which is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. These phytocompounds can work independently or synergistically to modulate appetite, lipase activity, adipogenesis and adipocyte apoptosis. However, the efficacy, mode of action and scope of management of diabetes by these compounds remains elusive. The current review aims to summarize data on efficacy in the management of diabetes, an antidiabetic candidate polyacetylenic compound and possible biological activities as an antidiabetic agent from the available literature. Much emphasis has been directed to cytopiloyne as a representative of polyacetylenic compounds extracted from Bidens pilosa and its activity on diabetic animal models. The majority of the studies conducted on animal models described antidiabetic mechanisms that range from hypoglycemic to secretagogue activity of cytopiloyne in a dose-dependent manner. A clinical trial pilot indicated improved glycemic control of Bidens pilosa formulation among diabetic patients in the study. Bidens pilosa and its compounds are highly potent antidiabetic agent(s) that should be graduated to an intervention for management of diabetes through pre-clinical and clinical trials to elucidate its efficacy and safety.

SOLID-STATE BATTERY WITH POLYACETYLENE ELECTRODE

The Li/Lil/(CHIy)x battery was fabricated by using fast ionic conductor-LiI as the solid electrolyte has not been reported. The battery exhibited an open circuit voltage of 3.1v and an initial short circuit of 7ma/cm^2. (CHIy)x can be used in the Li/l2 battery as the rote of charge transfer complex. Experimental enerny density of 110Wh/kg was obtained based on the weight of (CH)x film (weight of (CH)x electrode:ca. 4mg, doping level:y=0.11).

Electronic Structure of Doped Trans-Polyacetylene

The behavior of electronic structures of doped trans-polyacetylene is revealed by a simple method. (C24H26)+n is used to simulate p-type doped trans-polyacetylene at various doping concentrations. The electronic structure is calculated, by CNDO/2 method. These calculations show that at low doping level, the decrease of electronic energy compensates the increase of elastic energy, thus the bond alternation exists, and the charge carriers are solitons. When doping level is high, the increase of elastic energy is larger than the decrease, of electronic energy, the bond alternation disappears, solitons no longer exist, and polyacetylene is in a metalic state.

A new polyacetylene glycoside from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea

A new polyacetylene glycoside,（1,3Z,11E）-tridecatriene-7,9-diyne-5-hydroxyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,was isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea（Thunb.） DC.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF POLYACETYLENES CONTAINING CARBAZOLE AND AMINO ACID MOIETIES

Novel 9-proparylcarbazole monomers containing amino acid moieties,2-N(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine- 9-proparylcarbazole ester(1),2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-O-cyclohexyl-L-glutamic acid-9-proparylcarbazole ester(2) and 2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalanine-9-proparylcarbazole ester(3) were synthesized and polymerized with (nbd)Rh^+[η~6-C_6H_5B^-(C_6H_5)_3]to give the corresponding polymers with number-average molecular weights ranging from 7050 to 10500 in 70%-86%yields.The polymers were completely so...

STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF BIDENS BIPINNATA A NEW POLYACETYLENE GLYCOSIDE

A new naturally occurring compound 1-polyacetylene glycoside has been isolated form the n- butanol soluble fraction of the leaves of Bidens bipinnata. The chemical structure of 1 was shown to be 3E, 11E—Diethenylene 5. 7. 9—triacetylene, 1, 13—tridecanglycol-2-O-β-D-glycoside named bipinnatpolyacetyloside according to spectral analyses of UV. IR. FDMS, ~1H-NMR, ~H-~H COSY, ^(13)C-NMR and DEPT.

INFLUENCE OF BACKBONE RIGIDITY ON THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINITY OF MESOGEN-CONTAINING POLYACETYLENES

Two acetylene polymers containing cyanobiphenyl-based mesogens, poly{10-[((4'-cyano-4-biphenylyl)oxy)carbonyl]-1-decyne} (PA8CN), which has a relatively flexible polyalkyne backbone, and poly {[4-(((12-((4'-cyano-4-biphenylyl)oxy)dodecyl)oxy) carbonyl) phenyl]-acetylene} (PB12CN), which has a fairly rigid poly(phenylacetylene) backbone, were synthesized using respectively WCl6 and [Rh(nbd)Cl](2) as the catalysts. PA8CN exhibits enantiotropic interdigitated smectic A phase (S-Ad) over a temperature range as wide as ca. 100 degrees C, whereas PB12CN is non-mesomorphic, demonstrating that the backbone rigidity plays an important role in determining the liquid crystallinity of the polyacetylenes.

POLYMER DIODES MADE OF ION IMPLANTED POLYACETYLENE FILMS

Polyacetylene films were doped with FeCl3 and implanted with 30 k’eV K+ ions. Physical changes to the films were examined by a series of measurements, which include the four-probe test, infrared ray absorption and 2 MeV He+ particle elastic recoil dettection and Rutherford backscattering. The chemical dopants (Fe+++ and Cl-) were redistributed after the implantation and the different species (K+. Fe+++ and Cl-ions) formed p - n junctions at the implantation depths. The implanted films exhibited desirable Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics, with current densities as high as 600 mA/cm- at 3V and back - to - forward ratio of current over 300. The polymer diodes kept their behavior for over 60 days. Discussions on the results were given in detail.

PREPARATION OF SOLUBLE SUBSTITUTED POLYACETYLENE OPTICAL LIMITING MATERIAL

Two novel polyacetylenes bearing nonlinear optical chromophoric group poly（3-（4-[4-（n-butyloxy） phenylazophenyl]carbonyl）oxy-1-propyne） （poly（1a）） and poly（3-（4-[4-（n-heptyloxy）phenylazophenyl]carbonyl）-oxy-l- propyne） （poly（lb）） were synthesized with [Rh（nbd）Cl]2-EtaN as catalysts. These polyacetylenes are soluble by using an alkyl spacer and an alkyloxyl group as a substituent. They were characterized by FTIR, NMR, GPC and UV-Vis and their optical limiting and nonlinear optical properties were investigated using 8 ns pulse at 532 nm wavenumber. The results show that these soluble functional polyacetylenes possess optical limiting properties and large nonlinear optical properties and poly（1b） possesses better optical limiting and nonlinear optical properties than poly（ 1 a）.

Calculation of the transfer integrals in Wannier representation for a planar trans-polyacetylene chain

In this paper, the electronic transfer integrals, the energy gap, and the bandwidth of a planar trans polyacetylene chain are calculated in Wannier representation, in which a combination of the wave function of hydrogen like atoms is used to stand for the Wannier function. When the effective nuclear charge number Z = 2.125 and the distortion amplitude of the carbon sites u =0.0038 nm, the nearest, next, and third neighbor hopping energies obtained are -3.224 78 eV, -2.388 61 eV, 0.148 14 eV, 0.006 65 eV, and 0.006 50 eV, respectively. The energy bandwidth and gap corresponding to these values are W d =11.19 eV and E g =1.70 eV, respectively. These results coincide with the experimental values.

Preparation and property of a novel soluble oxadiazole-containing functional polyacetylene

A novel high molecular weight functional polyacetylene bearing oxadiazole group as a pendant, poly{4-[2-（4-octoxyphenyl）-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]-benzenyloxypropynylene}, was synthesized by [Rh（nbd）Cl]2-Et3N catalyst. The polymer was soluble in common organic solvents such as CHCl3 and THE The structures and properties of monomer and polymer were characterized and evaluated with FTIR, NMR, UV, TGA, GPC, and CV, respectively. The results show that the polymer possesses high thermal stability and well electron-injection property.

Effects of Various Dopants on Solitons in Polyacetylene

The effects of various dopants on solitons in polyacetylene were studied by using CNDO/2 level semiempirical quantum chemical method. The width of solitons is reduced when dopant is present, and the charge density wave(CDW) is further gathered on the carbon atom in soliton center. The effects of p-type of dopants are greater than those of n-type of ones. The charge transfer in doped polyacetylene can be achieved by the propagation of CDW along the chain. The conductivity of doped polyacetylene is proportional to the quantity of charge transfer between dopant and polyacetylene chain.

PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF NEW POLYACETYLENE DERIVATIVES WITH DIFFERENT SUBSTITUENTS

The photoconductivities of a series of novel polyacetylene derivatives （PAs） serving as charge generation materials in the single-layered photoreceptors were investigated using photoinduced xerographic discharge technique. It was found that the substitution can improve the photosensitivity of PAs by increasing the conjugation of π electrons. When the substituent is itself photoconductive, the photoconductivity becomes even higher. It can be concluded from cyclic voltammetry that when the HOMO level of the polymer is closer to that of the charge transport material, the photoconduction performance will be better.

MECHANICAL PERTURBATION INDUCED MOLECULAR ALIGNMENTS IN A SIDE-CHAIN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYACETYLENE, POLY{10-[4-(4'-METHOXYPHENOXY-CARBOML)PHENOXYCARBONYL]-1-DECYNE}

A new liquid crystalline polyacetylene containing a phenyl benzoate mesogen (5) is synthesized,whose mesomorphic properties are found to be easily 'tunab1e' by simple mechanical perturbation. Thepolymerization of 10- [ 4 - (4' -methoxyphenoxycarbonyl )phenoxycarbonyl] - 1 -decyne (4 ) in itiated by theWCl_6-Ph_4Sn/dioxane complex yields polymer 5 with a M_w of 28400. The molecular structure of 5 ischaracterized by NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy and its liquid crystalline behavior is investigated by DSC,POM, and XRD analysis. Upon mechanical perturbation, 5 exhibits unusual agitation-induced high-strengthdisclinations, shear-induced inversion walls, and solidification-induced banded textures. Such phenomenahave been observed in the main-chain liquid crystalline polymers with rigid backbones, but have seldom beenreported for the side-chain liquid crystalline polymers with flexible backbones, suggesting that the rigidpolyacetylene backbone of 5 plays a constructive role in inducing the novel molecular alignments.

Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Property of Azobenzene Substituted Polyacetylene

Two new functional polyacetylenes bearing different azobenzene group, -{ HC=C[azo-N （CH3）CH2CH2OH] } n-, [poly（EHAB）; azo = 4,4＇-azobenzene] and - { HC=C[azo-N（CH3）CH2CH2O COC3H7]},-, [poly（EEAB）]} were prepared by [Rh（nbd）Cl]2-Et3N catalysts. Poly（EHAB） has poor solubility while poly（EEAB） can be dissolved in common solvent. The polymers were characterized by FHR, ^1H NMR, UV and GPC. The nonlinear optical property of the soluble poly（EEAB） was investigated with 8 ns width pulse at 532 nm by Z-scan technique. The results show that poly（EEAB） is endowed with the larger third-order nonlinear optical property.

A Viscidane Diterpene and Polyacetylenes from Cultures of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Investigation on the cultures of Hypsizygus marmoreus resulted in the isolation of a new viscidane diterpene,8-oxoviscida-3,11(18)-diene-13,14,15,19-tetraol(1)and two new polyacetylenes,(E)-10-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy)-2-decene-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol(2)and 10-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy)deca-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol(3),together with two known polyacetylenes,(E)-2-decen-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol(4)and 4,6,8-decatriyn-1-ol(5).Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.Compound 1 is the first finding of viscidane diterpene in mushrooms.Compounds 1,3 and 5 were tested for cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7 and SW-480.None of the compounds showed cytotoxic activity(IC50[40 lM).

Accurate theoretical evaluation of strain energy of all-carboatomic ring(cyclo[2n]carbon),boron nitride ring,and cyclic polyacetylene

Cyclocarbon fully consists of sp-hybridized carbon atoms,which shows quite unusual electronic and geometric structures compared to common molecules.In this work,we systematically studied strain energy(SE)of cyclocarbons of different sizes using regression analysis method based on electronic energies evaluated at the very accurate DLPNO-CCSD(T)/ccp VTZ theoretical level.In addition,ring strain of two systems closely related to cyclocarbon,boron nitride(BN)ring,and cyclic polyacetylene(c-PA),is also explored.Very ideal relationships between SE and number of repeat units(n)are built for cyclo[2n]carbon,B_(n)N_(n),and[2n]c-PA as SE=555.0·n^(-1),145.1·n^(-1),and 629.8·n^(-1)kcal·mol^(-1),respectively,and the underlying reasons of the difference and similarity in their SEs are discussed from electronic structure perspective.In addition,force constant of harmonic potential of C-C-C angles in cyclocarbon is derived based on SE values,the result is found to be 56.23 kcal·mol^(-1)·rad^(-2).The possibility of constructing homodesmotic reactions to calculate SEs of cyclocarbons is also explored in this work,although this method is far less rigorous than the regression analysis method,its result is qualitatively correct and has the advantage of much lower computational cost.In addition,comparisons show thatωB97XD/def2-TZVP is a good inexpensive alternative to the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-p VTZ for evaluating energies used in deriving SE,while the popular and very cheap B3LYP/6-31G(d)level should be used with caution for systems with global electron conjugation such as c-PA.

导电高分子材料制备及应用进展

导电高分子材料是一类具有导电性能的聚合物材料,通常是由一些有机单体聚合而成,由于其含有共轭的π-电子体系组成,使得电子能够在材料中进行自由移动,从而具有良好的导电性能。导电高分子材料在传感器技术、能源存储和转换、生物医学、电磁屏蔽材料、涂料和涂层等领域得到广泛的应用,主要综述了近几年来导电高分子材料最新研究进展,以及其在相关领域的应用。

基于网络药理学探讨鬼针草中4个聚炔类化合物对LPS诱导免疫炎症的作用机制

通过网络药理学和分子对接分析鬼针草中4个聚炔类化合物对免疫炎症的作用机制,旨在为聚炔类化合物的体内外基础研究提供一定的理论依据。通过SwissADME数据库分析从鬼针草中分离的4个聚炔类化合物的药代动力学参数;利用SwissTargetPrediction数据库预测其有效靶点;利用GeneCards、DisGeNet、DRUGBANK数据库筛选免疫炎症的相关靶点,获取两者交集靶点;利用Cytoscape3.7.2构建化合物-疾病-靶点网络,筛选鬼针草聚炔类化合物对免疫炎症具有调节作用的关键靶点;基于Metascape数据库进行GO和KEGG分析,获得潜在的作用通路;最后,采用AutoDock Tool1.5.6软件进行分子对接,Pymol软件将结果进行可视化,并通过体外抗炎实验验证化合物的活性。从鬼针草4个聚炔类化合物中预测并筛选出41个活性靶点,获得免疫炎症相关疾病靶点18878个,化合物与疾病的交集靶点40个,通过PPI分析最终筛选出10个关键靶点;分子对接显示大部分靶点与化合物的结合较稳定;KEGG富集显示关键靶点主要被富集在AMPK信号通路,涉及炎症反应、免疫调节等40个显著相关生物过程;体外抗炎实验结果显示,这4个聚炔类化合物均具有抗炎活性,与模型组差异显著(P<0.01),其中,化合物GZC3抑制NO释放的效果最佳。通过网络药理学和分子对接分析发现鬼针草中的4个聚炔类化合物可以调控STAT3、MAPK14、MMP9、KDR、EGFR等靶点和AMPK信号通路,体外实验也证实这4个化合物对免疫炎症具有一定的调节作用。

聚合后修饰法制备含脲基聚乙炔及其阴离子识别性能

官能团的引入使聚乙炔衍生物具有多种独特的物理化学性质,在不对称催化、光学材料和化学传感器等方面具有潜在的应用价值。本工作设计并合成含氨基甲酸酯支链的聚乙炔衍生物(P1),将其作为底物进行后续改性。基于氨基甲酸酯可与多种胺分子发生亲核取代反应,选取1-苯乙胺和3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯胺分别对P1进行后修饰,成功得到含脲基的P2和P3两种目标聚合物。由于脲基与阴离子间固有的氢键结合能力和聚乙炔共轭主链的协同作用,P3表现出阴离子传感特性。向P3/四氢呋喃溶液添加阴离子可导致其紫外可见吸收光谱的变化,特别是使用的阴离子为F-,Cl-,Br-和CH_(3)COO-时,新的吸收峰出现在约为450nm和480nm的可见光区域,可应用于比色传感器。