Effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression in newly diagnosed diabetes subclinical vascular lesions

AIM:To investigate the effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule(DJC) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) mRNA expression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) subclinical vascular lesions.METHODS:Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed T2DM subclinical vascular lesions were randomly divided into a control group and treatment group of 31 cases each.Oral antidiabetic therapy with routine western medicine was conducted in both groups,and the treatment group was additionally treated with DJCs.The treatment course for both groups was 12 wk.Before and after treatment,the total efficiency and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score were calculated.The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-h plasma glucose(2hPG),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance index(IRI),hemoglobin(Hb)A1c,blood lipids,and hemorheology indices were determined.In addition,the levels of vascular endothelial growth factors including thrombomodulin(TM),von Willebrand factor(vWF),P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA were determined.RESULTS:After 12 wk of treatment,the TCM syndrome score was significantly decreased compared to before treatment in both groups.After treatment,FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,FINS,IRI,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,whole blood low shear specific viscosity,plasma specific viscosity,TM,vWF,P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA were significantly improved compared to before treatment in both groups.After treatment,the total efficiency and TCM syndrome score in the treatment group were better than in the control group.FINS,IRI,whole blood high shear specific viscosity,plasma specific viscosity,TM,vWF,P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA level in the treatment group were significantly reduced after treatment compared with control group.CONCLUSION:DJCs are efficacious in supplementing qi,nourishing yin and invigorating blood circulation,and upregulate MCP-1 mRNA expression in patients with T2DM subclinical vascular lesions.

Effects of Simvastatin on NF-κB-DNA Binding Activity and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis

To observe the effects of simvastatin on nuclear factor kappaB （NF-kB）-DNA binding activity and on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） in atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits and to explore the anti-atherosclerotic properties beyond its lipid-lowering effects. Thirty-six New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into low-cholesterol group （LC）, high- cholesterol group （HC）, high-cholesterol＋ simvastatin group （HC＋S） and then were fed for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, standard enzymatic assays, electrophoretic mobility shift as- say （EMSA）, immunohistochemical staining, and morphometry were performed to observe serum lipids, NF-kB-DNA binding activity, MCP-1 protein expression, intirna thickness and plaque area of aorta respectively in all three groups. Our results showed that the serum lipids, NF-kB-DNA binding activity, expression of MCP-1 protein, intima thickness, and plaque area of aorta in the LC and HC＋S groups were significantly lower than those in the HC group （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the serum lipids between the LC and HC＋S groups （P〉0.05）, but the NF-kB-DNA binding activity, the expression of MCP-1 protein and the intirna thickness and plaque area of aorta in the HC＋S group were significantly decreased as compared to the LC group （P〈0. 05）. This study demonstrated that simvastatin could decrease atherosclerosis by inhibiting the NF-kB-DNA binding activity and by reducing the expression of MCP-1 protein.

Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Monocytes and Effects of Native and Oxidized Very Low Density Lipoproteins

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), a potent chemoattractant, is thought to play an important role in migration of monocytes into atherosclerotic lesions. The present study was designed to investigate the capacity of human peripheral blood monocytes to express MCP-1 and effects of native very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and oxidized VLDL(OX-VLDL) on the expression. The total RNA was extracted from cultured monocytes, which were exposed to VLDL and OX-VLDL, and the media conditioned by monocytes were collected. MCP-1 mRNA expression was examined by Northern blot analysis. MCP-1 protein in conditioned media was determined by using sandwich ELISA. The results showed that monocytes can express MCP-1 after a 24 h incubation at 37℃，and the expression was markedly increased by a exposure to OX-VLDL, whereas the expression was slightly increased when exposed to VLDL. It suggests that the capacity of monocytes to produce MCP-1 that recruits and activates circulating monocytes may be of considerable importance in atherogenesis, and oxidation of VLDL enhances its potential to promote atherogenesis.

Interleukin-1β,Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Lipopolysaccharide Induce Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Calf Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Summary: To investigate whether interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 ) mRNA and protein in calf aortic smooth muscle cells(SMCs), calf aortic SMCs were cultured by a substrate-attached explant method. The cultured SMCs were used between the third to the fifth passage. After the cells became confluent, the SMCs were exposed to 2 ng/ml IL-1β, 20ng/ml TNF-1α and 100 ng/ml LPS respectively, and the total RNA of SMCs which were incubated for 4 h at 37℃ were extracted from the cells by using guanidinium isothiocyanate method. The expres- ion of MCP-1 mRNA in SMCs was detected by using dot blotting analysis using a probe of γ-32 P- end-labelled 35-mer oligonucleotide. After a 24-h incubation, the media conditioned by the cul- tured SMCs were collected. The MCP-1 protein content in the conditioned media was determined by using sandwich ELISA. The results were as follows: Dot blotting analysis showed that the cul- tured SMCs could express MCP-1 mRNA. After a 4-h exposure to IL-1β, TNF-α and LPS, the MCP-1 mRNA expression in SMCs was increased (3.6-fold, 2. 3-fold and 1. 6-fold, respectively). ELISA showed that the levels of MCP-1 protein in the conditioned media were also increased (2.9- fold, 1.7-fold and 1.1-fold, respectively). The results suggest that calf aortic SMCs could ex- press MCP-1 mRNA and protein. IL-1β and TNF-α can induce strong expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein, and the former is more effective than the latter.

The enhancement of astrocytic-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by the interaction of opiate and HIV tat in HIV-associated dementia

HIV-associated dementia(HAD)is a public health problem and is particularly prevalent in drug abusers.The neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection involves a complex cascade of inflammatory events,including monocyte/macrophage infiltration in the brain,glial immune activation and release of neurotoxic substances.In these events,astrocytic-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)plays an important role,whose release is elevated by HIV transactivator of transcription(HIV tat)and could be further elevated by opiates.This review will also consider some critical factors and events in MCP-1 enhancement induced by the interactions of opiate and HIV tat,including the mediating role of mu opioid receptor(MOR)and CCR2 as well as the possible signal transduction pathways within the cells.Finally,it will make some future perspectives on the exact pathways,new receptors and target cells,and the vulnerability to neurodegeneration with HIV and opiates.

Correlation of serum cyclophilin A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective:To study the correlation of serum cyclophilin A (CyPA) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods: 106 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were hospitalized in our hospital between July 2011 and August 2015 were selected as observation group, and 50 cases of healthy persons who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The serum CyPA and MCP-1 contnets in two groups were determined. According to the median of CyPA and MCP-1 contents in observation group, they were divided into high CyPA group and low CyPA group as well as high MCP-1 group and low MCP-1 group, 53 cases in each group. Contents of lipid metabolism indexes and carotid atherosclerosis illness-related indicators were compared between acute cerebral infarction patients with different CyPA and MCP-1 contents.Results:Serum CyPA and MCP-1 contents in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group. Serum TC, LP(a) and LDL-C contents in high CyPA group and high MCP-1 group were higher than those in low CyPA group and low MCP-1 group while HDL-C contents were lower than those in low CyPA group and low MCP-1 group. Serum CysC, Hcy and UA contents in high CyPA group and high MCP-1 group were higher than those in low CyPA group and low MCP-1 group.Conclusion: Serum CyPA and MCP-1 contents in patients with acute cerebral infarction are higher than those in normal population, and the contents of CyPA and MCP-1 are positively correlated with the degree of carotid atherosclerosis.

Variation of Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Patients with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

This study investigated the variation of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1） in patients with both diabetes mellitus（DM） and metabolic syndrome（MS）.Based on the International Diabetes Federation（IDF） diagnostic criteria,93 patients enrolled in this study were divided into four groups：normal control（NC）,simple DM,simple MS,and DM plus MS（DM-MS） groups.The main measures included height,weight,waist circumference（WC）,hip circumference,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR）,serum triglyceride（TG）,HDL-ch,LDL-ch,and MCP-1.The results showed that the serum levels of MCP-1 in the DM-MS group were significantly increased as compared with those in the DM and MS groups（P0.05）,and the increase in the MCP-1 level in the DM group was much higher than in the MS group（P0.05）.The DM-MS group had the highest HOMA-IR levels,followed by MS,DM and NC groups（P0.05）.Correlation tests showed that the association of MCP-1 with age,HDL-ch,or LDL-ch was insignificant,whereas that of MCP-1 with body mass index（BMI）,waist hip rate（WHR）,WC,systolic blood pressure（SBP）,diastolic blood pressure（DBP）,TG,and HOMA-IR was significantly positive.It was concluded that circulating MCP-1 was substantially increased in patients with both DM and MS as compared with that in the patients with DM or MS alone,and the central obese state may contribute to a more vicious proinflammatory condition and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes.

Effect of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 on chemotactic gene expression by macrophage cell line U937

Objective: To study the chemotactic superfamily genes expression profiling of macrophage line U937 treated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) using gene chip technique. Methods: Total RNA from macrophage line U937 (as control) and U937 with MCP-1 was extracted, made reverse transcript to cDNA and tested with gene expression chip HO2 human. Results: Some chemotactic-related gene expressions were changed in all analyzed genes. Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) was up-regulated over 2-fold and 7 chemotactic-related genes (CCR2, CCR5, CCL16, GROβ, GROγ, IL-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein 2) were down-regulated over 2-fold in MCP-1 treated U937 cells at mRNA level. Conclusion: MCP-1 can influence some chemokines and receptors expression in macrophage in vitro, in which MCP-1 mainly down-regulates the chemotactic genes expression of those influencing neutrophilic granulocyte (GROβ, GROγ, IL-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein 2). Another novel finding is that it can also down-regulate the mRNA level of CCR5, which plays a critical role in many disorders and illnesses.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 plays a key role in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune dise as e resulting from the selective destruction of β cells in the pa ncreatic islets. In both human and rodent models of type 1 diabetes, the clinica l disease is preceded by a progressive mononuclear cell invasion of the pancreat ic islets (insulitis). In the early stage of insulitis,the major components are monocyte/macrophages, and the recruitment of mononuclear cells is a critical st ep in the pathogenesis of the type 1 diabetes. Studies have revealed that Monocy te chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) specifically recruits monocytes/ macrophag es into pancreas and plays an important role in the development of insulitis and diabetes.

Effect of Llinagliptin on tumor necrosis factor receptor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Objective:To explore the effect of Linagliptin on tumor necrosis factor receptor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods: A total of 98 patients with diabetic nephropathy admitted to the Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the random double-blind method, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Metformin, whereas the experimental group was treated with Linagliptin plus Metformin. After 3 months of continuous treatment, the renal function [urinary albumin excretion rate, 24 h urine protein quantitation and serum creatinine], glycolipids metabolic levels [glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor receptor, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:After 3 months of treatment, the levels of UAER, 24 h Upor and Scr in the experimental group were shown to be lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. After 3 months of treatment, the levels of HbA1c, FPG, TC and TG in the experimental group were shown to be lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. After 3 months of treatment, the levels of MCP-1, sTNFR1 and hs-CRP in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion: For patients with diabetic nephropathy, Linagliptin is with higher safety, which can help improve their glycolipids metabolic levels and renal function, reduce the inflammatory response and the levels of MCP-1 and sTNFR1, and yet incur fewer adverse reactions.

Analysis of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene polymorphism in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

AIM:To investigate a genetic polymorphism of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1 ) gene in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS:MCP-1 genotyping was performed in 23 patients with SBP and 83 cirrhotic control patients with non-infected ascites.RESULTS:The frequency of carriers of the G-allele was lower in SBP patients but this difference did not reach statistical significance. However,in the subgroup of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n=80),carriers of the G-allele were significantly less frequent in SBP-patients (38.1%) than in cirrhotic controls (67.8%,P=0.021). CONCLUSION:In patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis,the-2518 MCP-1 genotype AA is a risk factor for the development of SBP.

Molecular detection of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 polymorphism in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients

AIM: To investigate the association of the functional monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) promoter polymorphism (A-2518G) with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and soluble adhesion molecules as possible prognostic markers of the efficacy of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C

AIM:To explain the role of Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble adhesion molecules in chronic hepatitis C during the treatment of interferon alpha (IFNα) 2 b and ribavirin (RBV). METHODS:Concentrations of MCP-1,soluble adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1),sP- selectin,interleukin (IL) 6,and IL10 in serum were estimated in the group of 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with IFNalpha2 b and RBV in 0,16,32,48 wk of the therapy, RESULTS:In chronic hepatitis C,before and during the treatment,the serum levels of MCP-1 and sP-selectin in responders were similar to those of healthy subjects.In non- responders (NR),MCP-1 increased in the course of IFNc^+RBV treatment,differences were statistically significant as compared to responders.MCP-1 correlated statistically with the activity of periportal inflammation (r=0.35,P<0.05) but not with staging of liver fibrosis,sICAM-1 positively correlated with inflammatory activity and fibrosis in NR.sP-selectin did not correlate with histological findings in the liver.The MCP-1 correlated with the soluble form of sP-selectin concentrations (r= 6,P<0.001) and with IL-10 level in NR (r=0.4,P<0.05).There was no correlation observed between the concentration of MCP-1 and sICAM-1,IL-6 during the treatment. CONCLUSION:MCP-1 concentration may be a prognostic marker of the efficacy of IFN+RBV therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CCL2 in gastric cancer and its relationship with tumor hypoxia

AIM: To investigate the expression and prognostic value of CCL2 in gastric cancer, as well as its relationship with tumor hypoxia.

Plasma monocyte chemotactic protein-1 remains elevated after minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection

AIM: To investigate plasma Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 levels preoperatively in colorectal cancer(CRC) and benign patients and postoperatively after CRC resection.METHODS: A plasma bank was screened for minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection(MICR) for CRC and benign disease(BEN) patients for whom preoperative, early postoperative, and 1 or more late postoperative samples(postoperative day 7-27) were available. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) levels(pg/mL) were determined via enzyme linked immuno-absorbent assay. RESULTS: One hundred and two CRC and 86 BEN patients were studied. The CRC patient's median preoperative MCP-1 level(283.1, CI: 256.0, 294.3) was higher than the BEN group level(227.5, CI: 200.2, 245.2; P = 0.0004). Vs CRC preoperative levels, elevated MCP-1 plasma levels were found on postoperative day 1(446.3, CI: 418.0, 520.1), postoperative day 3(342.7, CI: 320.4, 377.4), postoperative day 7-13(326.5, CI: 299.4, 354.1), postoperative day 14-20(361.6, CI: 287.8, 407.9), and postoperative day 21-27(318.1, CI: 287.2, 371.6; P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION: Preoperative MCP-1 levels were higher in CRC patients(vs BEN). After MICR for CRC, MCP-1 levels were elevated for 1 mo and may promote angiogenesis, cancer recurrence and metastasis.

Malarial pigment enhances heat shock protein-27 in THP-1 cells:new perspectives for in vitro studies on monocyte apoptosis prevention

Objective:To investigate the effect of malarial pigment(hemozoin,HZ) on expression of heat shock proteins(HSPs) and cell viability in human monocytes by using a stable cell line(THP-1 cells).Methods:THP-1 cells were fed with native HZ or treated with pro-apoptotic molecule gliotoxin for 9 h.Thereafter,the protein expression of HSP-27 and HSP-70 was evaluated by western blotting.Alternatively,HZ-fed cells were cultured up to 72 h and cell viability parameters(survival,apoptosis and necrosis rates) were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Results:HZ increased basal protein levels of HSP-27 without altering those of HSP-70 in THP-1 cells,and promoted long-term cell survival without inducing apoptosis.As expected,gliotoxin inhibited HSP-27 protein expression and promoted long-term cell apoptosis.Conclusions: Present data show that HZ prevents cell apoptosis and enhances the expression of anli-apoptotic HSP-27 in THP-1 cells,confirming the previous evidences obtained from HZ-fed immunopurified monocytes.Since the use of a stable cell line is pivotal to perform HSP-27 silencing experiments, monocytic THP-1 cells could be a good candidate line for such an approach,which is heavily required to clarify the role of HSP-27 in survival of impaired HZ-fed monocytes during falciparum malaria.

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene polymorphism and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

I read with great interest the article by Gbele et al published in issue 44 of World J Gastroenterol 2009.The results of their study indicate that-2518 Monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)genotype AA is a risk factor for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.However,there are some items that need to be discussed.

依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液对急性脑梗死患者血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、内皮素-1表达的影响

目的探讨依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液对急性脑梗死患者血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)表达及动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法选取河北省邯郸市中医院2020年12月至2022年8月收治的急性脑梗死患者140例,按随机数字表法分为联合组和对照组,各70例。两组患者均予丁苯酞氯化钠注射液,联合组患者加用依达拉奉右莰醇注射液,均治疗14 d。结果联合组总有效率为91.43%,显著高于对照组的68.57%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度、斑块面积、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分及血清MCP-1、ET-1、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且联合组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组和对照组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率相当(12.86%比14.29%,P>0.05)。结论依达拉奉右莰醇联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效良好,可有效改善患者的神经功能缺损情况、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及内皮功能,降低氧化应激水平,提高生活质量,且安全性良好。

miR-17-5p、IL-6及MCP-1联合检测对卵巢子宫内膜异位症患者术后复发的预测价值

目的 分析研究血清微小RNA-17-5p(miR-17-5p)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)联合检测对卵巢子宫内膜异位症(OEM)患者术后复发的预测价值。方法 选取郑州大学第三附属医院2019年1月至2022年12月收治的OEM患者作为研究对象,将其命名为OEM组(n=100),另选同期在本院进行体检的健康女性为对照组(n=60)。比较两组血清miR-17-5p、IL-6及MCP-1水平;OEM组患者在入院后均进行手术与药物对症治疗,在治疗结束后对患者随访12个月。以多因素Logistic回归分析OEM患者术后复发的影响因素,并绘制ROC曲线分析血清miR-17-5p、IL-6、MCP-1水平对OEM患者术后复发的预测价值。结果 OEM组的血清miR-17-5p水平低于对照组,IL-6、MCP-1水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=11.015、59.651、38.199,均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,囊肿直径>5 cm(OR=1.828)、ASRM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(OR=1.815)、血清miR-17-5p水平降低(OR=2.042)、IL-6水平升高(OR=2.136)及MCP-1水平升高(OR=1.966)均是OEM患者术后复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,血清miR-17-5p、IL-6、MCP-1水平及联合检测的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.816、0.781、0.745、0.933,联合检测优于单一检测(P<0.05)。结论 miR-17-5p、IL-6及MCP-1联合检测对OEM患者术后复发具有一定预测价值。