Waste acid recovery utilizing monovalent cation permselective membranes through selective electrodialysis

Selective electrodialysis(SED)has surfaced as a highly promising membrane separation technique in the realm of acid recovery owing to its ability to effectively separate monovalent ions through the utilization of a potential difference.However,the current SED process is limited by conventional commercial monovalent cation permselective membranes(MCPMs).This study systematically investigates the use of an independently developed MCPM in the SED process for acid recovery.Various factors such as current density,volume ratio,initial ion concentration,and waste acid systems are considered.The independently developed MCPM offers several advantages over the commercial monovalent selective cation-exchange membrane(CIMS),including higher recovered acid concentration,better ion flux ratio,improved acid recovery efficiency,increased recovered acid purity,and higher current efficiency.The SED process with the MCPM achieves a recovered acid of 95.9%and a concentration of 2.3 mol·L^(–1) in the HCl/FeCl_(2) system,when a current density of 20 mA·cm^(-2) and a volume ratio of 1:2 are applied.Similarly,in the H_(2)SO_(4)/FeSO_(4) system,a purity of over 99%and a concentration of 2.1 mol·L^(–1) can be achieved in the recovered acid.This study thoroughly examines the impact of operation conditions on acid recovery performance in the SED process.The independently developed MCPM demonstrates outstanding acid recovery performance,highlighting its potential for future commercial utilization.

低盐水体Na^(+)/K^(+)对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分与肝胰腺、鳃组织结构的影响

缺钾在内陆低盐度盐碱水中经常发生,为探究低盐水体中不同钾缺乏程度对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活、体成分以及鳃和肝胰腺组织结构的影响,实验参照海水离子组成配置盐度为2的低盐度水体,在Na^(+)/K^(+)(mg/mg)比值为27、47、67、87、107 (分别记为A、B、C、D、E组)的条件下,对体重为(1.04±0.23) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾开展了为期60 d的养殖实验。结果显示,E组对虾的存活率为44.64%±20.95%,显著低于A、B、D三组;E组体重为(4.86±0.66) g,显著低于其他4组;A~D组之间的湿重、增重率、特定生长率差异不显著,但均大于E组且差异显著;在饲料系数上,E组最高并与A、D组差异显著。在体成分上,各组全虾钾含量、灰分含量差异不显著,E组的水分含量高于其他组,并与A、B组差异显著;E组粗蛋白含量最低,且与B组差异显著。E组对虾鳃组织角质层明显受损,红细胞数量减少,空泡增多,肝胰腺B细胞及其内部转运泡体积增大,肝小管结构受损。研究表明,低盐条件下严重缺钾引起了对虾鳃和肝胰腺损伤,降低了对虾的存活率和生长率;水体缺钾在前期即可对对虾的生长产生明显影响,而对存活的影响随养殖时间的增加而增大。实验结果有助于为内陆低盐度盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾提供理论依据。

Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)材料的制备及光催化降解亚甲基蓝机理

制备碱金属掺杂的g-C_(3)N_(4)在g-C_(3)N_(4)半导体光催化材料研究中属于一个重要分支。本研究采用溶液合成、煅烧和溶剂热反应方法制备了Na^(+)掺杂的g-C_(3)N_(4)样品(Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)),通过不同检测手段确定了Na^(+)在g-C_(3)N_(4)中的负载位置和光电性能,考察了样品的形貌、比表面积及孔径随溶剂热反应时间延长的变化规律。结果表明:Na^(+)负载位置和表面生成的C-O-基团增强了g-C_(3)N_(4)材料的物理和化学吸附性能,Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附率最高可达到93.25%;Na^(+)负载位置对g-C_(3)N_(4)的π共轭体系的电子分布产生影响,进而改变了材料的禁带宽度(Eg)、导(价)带位置和光生载流子分离效率及传输速率;在可见光降解过程中,由于MB的自身光敏性和在Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)样品表面的强吸附性,MB和Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)样品构建了独特的光敏-光催化降解体系,MB不仅通过光敏自降解,还在Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)协同下进行了光催化降解。在pH 6.0条件下,MB和Na^(+)/g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化体系对MB的最高降解率可达96.40%。

枯草芽孢杆菌YvdSR蛋白转运Na^(+)关键残基的研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis strain 168)双组分基因YvdSR表达的双组分蛋白YvdSR进行功能鉴定,得出YvdSR具有转运Na^(+)/Li^(+)功能,为探究YvdSR离子转运机制,分别对两种组分作同源序列比对,从每种组分中筛选出完全保守的酸性氨基酸残基并进行氨基酸残基定点突变。结果表明,YvdS和YvdR共有的E13在同源物中完全保守且突变为丙氨酸后均失去Na^(+)(Li^(+))/H^(+)逆向转运活性,说明两种组分的E13均是蛋白质行使功能不可或缺的,YvdS的E13A经回复突变后可恢复高水平Na^(+)(Li^(+))/H^(+)逆向转运活性,YvdR的E13A经回复突变后仍失去Na^(+)(Li^(+))/H^(+)逆向转运活性,表明YvdS和YvdR在Na^(+)(Li^(+))/H^(+)逆向转运中行使不同功能。

Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase:ion pump,signal transducer,or cytoprotective protein,and novel biological functions

Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na^(+)out of and two K^(+)into cells.Additionally,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase participates in Ca^(2+)-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane.Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells.Therefo re,it is not surprising that Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases.However,published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction in disease development,and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase affects cell function.Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders,particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease.Stabilization of plasma membrane Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases.For this reason,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein,participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis,and glial cell migration.Thus,the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related pathogenesis.The potential for novel strategies to treat Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.

新型Na^(+)/H^(+)逆向转运蛋白UPF0118的Na^(+)结合鉴定

UPF0118蛋白是一种新型Na^(+)(Li^(+))/H^(+)逆向转运蛋白,属于AI-2E超家族,目前已被划分至Na^(+)/H^(+)逆向转运蛋白亚家族,但无直接证据表明该蛋白可与Na+产生相互作用。为鉴定UPF0118蛋白是否具有Na^(+)结合功能,利用PCR技术扩增upf0118基因编码序列,通过Eco RⅠ和PstⅠ酶切位点构建至原核表达载体p ETDuet-1,转化至E. coli BL21*(DE3),对诱导后大量表达的蛋白进行Ni^(2+)亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析,利用等温滴定量热技术对纯化蛋白进行滴定。结果表明,在pH 5.5条件下,Na^(+)滴入导致蛋白溶液产生明显放热现象。在pH 5.5条件下该蛋白具有Na^(+)结合功能,证明该蛋白Na+结合功能为其功能单元与分子机制的研究奠定基础。

Enhancing Na^(+) diffusion dynamics and structural stability of O3-NaMn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)O_(2)cathode by Sc and Zn dual-substitution

Sc and Zn were introduced into O3-NaMn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)O_(2)(NaMN)using the combination of solution combustion and solid-state method.The effect of Sc and Zn dual-substitution on Na^(+) diffusion dynamics and structural stability of NaMN was investigated.The physicochemical characterizations suggest that the introduction of Sc and Zn broaden Na^(+) diffusion channels and weaken the Na—O bonds,thereby facilitating the diffusion of sodium ions.Simulations indicate that the Sc and Zn dual-substitution decreases the diffusion barrier of Na-ions and improves the conductivity of the material.The dual-substituted NaMn_(0.5)Ni_(0.4)Sc_(0.04)Zn_(0.04)O_(2)(Na MNSZ44)cathode delivers impressive cycle stability with capacity retention of 71.2%after 200 cycles at 1C and 54.8%after 400 cycles at 5C.Additionally,the full cell paired with hard carbon anode exhibits a remarkable long-term cycling stability,showing capacity retention of 64.1%after 250 cycles at 1C.These results demonstrate that Sc and Zn dual-substitution is an effective strategy to improve the Na^(+) diffusion dynamics and structural stability of NaMN.

High-performance magnesium/sodium hybrid ion battery based on sodium vanadate oxide for reversible storage of Na^(+)and Mg^(2+)

Magnesium ion batteries(MIBs)are a potential field for the energy storage of the future but are restricted by insufficient rate capability and rapid capacity degradation.Magnesium-sodium hybrid ion batteries(MSHBs)are an effective way to address these problems.Here,we report a new type of MSHBs that use layered sodium vanadate((Na,Mn)V_(8)O_(20)·5H_(2)O,Mn-NVO)cathodes coupled with an organic 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide(PTCDI)anode in Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)hybrid electrolytes.During electrochemical cycling,Mg^(2+)and Na^(+)co-participate in the cathode reactions,and the introduction of Na^(+)promotes the structural stability of the Mn-NVO cathode,as cleared by several ex-situ characterizations.Consequently,the Mn-NVO cathode presents great specific capacity(249.9 mA h g^(−1)at 300 mA g^(−1))and cycling(1500 cycles at 1500 mA g^(−1))in the Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)hybrid electrolytes.Besides,full battery displays long lifespan with 10,000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(−1).The rate performance and cycling stability of MSHBs have been improved by an economical and scalable method,and the mechanism for these improvements is discussed.

Na^(+)通道在锰神经细胞毒性中的作用

目的初步探讨Na^(+)通道在锰神经细胞毒性中对γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的作用。方法SH-SY5Y细胞建立锰暴露模型,并分为空白对照组、0.25 mmol/L MnCl_(2)、0.50 mmol/L MnCl_(2)、1.00 mmol/L MnCl_(2)。河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)0.10μmol/L、0.20μmol/L进行干预,MTT法测其细胞存活率、光学显微镜进行形态学观察、蛋白质印迹法检测Na^(+)通道中Nav1.1通道蛋白和GABA的标记酶谷氨酸脱羧酶65(GAD65)蛋白的表达水平。结果MnCl_(2)可抑制细胞增殖,0.25 mmol/L MnCl_(2)、0.50 mmol/L MnCl_(2)、1.00 mmol/L MnCl_(2)均可显著降低细胞存活率,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);TTX可改善锰暴露所致的神经元损伤,提高细胞存活率,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);锰暴露可上调神经元GAD65蛋白表达水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但锰暴露未改变神经元细胞Nav1.1蛋白的表达水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论锰暴露所致神经元损伤及GABA能损伤可能与其Nav1.1蛋白表达无关。

亚硝酸盐急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能及鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究亚硝酸盐急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)免疫功能及鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性的影响。选择平均体重为(1.68±0.23)g的凡纳滨对虾600尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾虾。设置亚硝酸盐浓度分别为0(对照组)、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/L,急性胁迫96 h。分别在胁迫0、12、24、48、72、96 h取样,测定其肝胰腺免疫功能相关指标和鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性。结果显示:各胁迫组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性均受胁迫时间延长总体呈先升后降趋势。3.2 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、ACP活性在胁迫96 h时均降至对照组水平;LDH活性在胁迫24 h时降至对照组水平,后持续下降至显著低于对照组水平(P<0.05)。除0.4 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量在胁迫96 h时降至对照组水平外,其余各组的MDA含量在胁迫96 h内均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在胁迫96 h内,0.4 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性持续上升;0.8~3.2 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性均随胁迫时间延长呈先激活后抑制趋势,且3.2 mg/L组在胁迫96 h时降至对照组水平。研究表明,在0.4~3.2 mg/L亚硝酸盐急性胁迫下,凡纳滨对虾免疫功能和鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP活性受到影响,当盐度为(24.0±1.0)‰时,需要控制凡纳滨对虾健康养殖过程中亚硝酸盐含量在0.4 mg/L以内。

盐霉素通过Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶诱导脂肪干细胞和肝癌干细胞胀亡的作用机制研究

目的观察脂肪干细胞(ASCs)和肝癌干细胞(HCCSCs)对盐霉素处理的反应,探讨Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶在盐霉素选择性杀伤ASCs和HCCSCs中的作用。方法采用CCK-8、Transwell实验分析盐霉素对ASCs及HCCSCs的细胞毒性反应,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,采用Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶检测试剂盒测定细胞内Na^(+)和K^(+)离子浓度,通过ATP检测试剂盒测定细胞内ATP浓度。采用Western blot法分析Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶各亚基及细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白的表达水平。通过上述方法验证盐霉素通过调控Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶诱导ASCs和HCCSCs胀亡(细胞肿胀、坏死)的作用机制。结果盐霉素选择性诱导ASCs和HCCSCs胀亡。在胀亡的ASCs和HCCSCs中,细胞内ATP浓度显著下降,伴随Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶活性丧失和细胞内Na^(+)滞留。所有类型的Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶亚基在ASCs中均有表达,而在盐霉素诱导分化的ASCs中仅表达α1和β1亚基。β1亚基的丧失是阿霉素诱导肝癌Huh-7细胞EMT的关键事件,相反β1亚基的过表达可以抑制阿霉素诱导的Huh-7细胞EMT。结论Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶的活性差异是盐霉素对干细胞产生选择性细胞毒性的原因,且β1亚基是肝癌EMT过程中一个重要因素。Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶亚基对ASCs和HCCSCs的干性及癌症干细胞样的EMT过程起关键作用。

盐度驯化对虹鳟和金鳟Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力、皮质醇含量及其组织结构的影响

为探究不同盐度驯化对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的鳃的影响,以盐度0为对照,研究了15‰和30‰两种盐度驯化虹鳟和金鳟后,鱼体鳃、血清中Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力、血清中皮质醇含量和鳃、肾脏的组织学变化。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,低盐度下随驯化盐度提高,虹鳟、金鳟鳃部Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力均呈增加趋势,但高盐度驯化时二者鳃部Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力受抑制,血清中Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力较低,且活力随盐度变化不大。血清皮质醇浓度随着驯化盐度增加而升高,盐度30‰条件下虹鳟和金鳟血清中皮质醇的含量达到最高值。虹鳟和金鳟的组织切片结果显示,驯化盐度过高时对二者肾脏和鳃组织均造成破坏,肾脏组织表现为肾小囊及肾小球遭到破坏并完全消失,鳃组织出现明显的氯细胞数量激增和鳃丝上皮脱落且鳃丝变细变长。

利拉鲁肽通过调控自噬和Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase活性抑制高糖诱导的心肌细胞肥大

目的探讨利拉鲁肽(liraglutide,LRG)抑制高糖(HG)诱导的心肌细胞肥大的可能机制。方法体外培养H9c2细胞,分为对照(CON)组、HG组、低、中、高剂量LRG(LRG-L、LRG-M、LRG-H)组、LRG-H+自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)组。鬼笔环肽染色观察细胞表面积;试剂盒测定细胞膜Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase(NKA)活性;Real time-PCR和Western blot测定NKAα1、NKAα2 mRNA和蛋白表达;单丹磺胺戊二胺(MDC)荧光染色观察自噬囊泡数量;Western blot测定肥大标志基因(ANP、β-MHC)、自噬标志基因(Beclin-1、LC3、p62)蛋白表达。随后将H9c2细胞分为CON组、HG组、LRG-H组、LRG-H+Sirt1抑制剂EX 527组、LRG-H+AMPK抑制剂Compound C(CC)组,再次检测上述指标;Western blot测定Sirt1/AMPK/mTOR通路相关蛋白表达。结果LRG可抑制心肌细胞肥大,下调ANP、β-MHC蛋白表达;LRG可促进NKA活性恢复,上调NKAα2 mRNA和蛋白表达;LRG可增加自噬囊泡数量,上调Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白表达,下调p62蛋白表达;LRG可上调Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达,下调p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达;使用自噬抑制剂3-MA、Sirt1抑制剂EX 527、AMPK抑制剂CC则部分逆转了LRG的作用。结论LRG可抑制高糖所致心肌细胞肥大,其机制与调控Sirt1/AMPK/mTOR通路激活自噬及促进NKA活性恢复有关。

Effect of monovalent anions on cationic Gemini micro-emulsion

Micro-emulsion usually consists of water, oil, surfactants and co-surfactants, and each component has an effect on the phase behavior and solubilization of the micro-emulsion. When the surfactant in the micro-emulsion system is quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactant, the surfactant mainly combines with the anions in the salt. With the increase of salt concentration, the phase transformation of Winsor I → Winsor III → Winsor II occurred, but the optimum salinity and salt width are different because of the type of salt. The effects of 5 different kinds of monovalent anions, including C_6H_5SO_3^-, I-, Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-, on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are researched by Winsor phase diagram. It is found that the effects of organic anions C_6H_5SO_3-and I-on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are most significant, and the effects of Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-are less significant. Meanwhile, when the optimum solubilization is achieved, the amount of sodium benzoate is the least, indicating that the organic anion has stronger self-organization behavior with quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactants.

Separation of mixed salts(Cl-/SO42-) by ED based on monovalent anion selective membranes

The industrial products or wastewater rich in the mixed salts(Cl-/SO4^2-) not only causes the environmental damage, but also induces waste of resource. In this study, an ED stack with monovalent selective AEMs and conventional CEMs was employed to separate the Cl-and SO42-from simulated wastewater. The effect of current density and mass fraction percentage was investigated in order to optimize the experimental conditions during ED process. It was found that at a concentration ratio between NaCl and Na2SO4 of 95/5(wt%/wt%) and a current density of40 m A·cm^-2, a current efficiency of 72%, an energy consumption of 1.6 k W·h·kg^-1 Na Cl and a Cl-/SO4^2-concentration(67.5/3.5 g·L^-1) were obtained. Hence, it is appropriate and effective to separate Cl-and SO42-by ED using the monovalent selective AEMs.

不同类型盐生植物适应盐胁迫的生理生长机制及Na^(+)逆向转运研究进展

盐生植物是指能在离子浓度至少200 mmol/L以上的生境中生长并完成生活史的植物。盐生植物可分为稀盐盐生植物、泌盐盐生植物、拒盐盐生植物三类。本文从生长形态、生理和分子3个方面总结三类盐生植物响应盐胁迫的不同策略及研究进展,发现盐生植物在分子水平上主要通过Na^(+)转运蛋白和为其提供能量的两类基因应对体内过高Na^(+),这可能是引起盐生植物生理和生长形态异于非盐生植物的重要因素。其中稀盐盐生植物主要通过液泡离子区隔化应对盐胁迫,并表现出肉质化生长形态;泌盐盐生植物通过将体内盐分排出体外应对盐胁迫,并进化出特有的生理结构——盐腺或盐囊泡;拒盐盐生植物通过将盐离子积累在皮层细胞液泡和根部木质部薄壁细胞中减少向上运输Na^(+),同时根部多栓质化减少Na^(+)吸收。本综述旨在为今后研究盐生植物及其耐盐机制提供相关依据,为植物耐盐分子育种奠定基础。

Monovalent cation perm-selective membranes(MCPMs)"New developments and perspectives

As one of the most typical and promising membrane processes, electrodialysis(ED) technique plays a more and more significant role in industrial separation. Especially, the separation of monovalent cations and multivalent cations is currently a hot topic, which is not only desirable for many industries but also challenging for academic explorations. The main aim of the present contribution is to view the advances of a wide variety of monovalent cation perm-selective membranes(MCPMs) and their preparation technologies including(1) covalent crosslinking,(2) surface modification,(3) polymer blending,(4) electrospinning,(5) nanofiltration alike membrane,and(6) organic–inorganic hybrid. The relevant advantages and disadvantages with respect to some specific cases have been discussed and compared in detail. Furthermore, we elaborately discuss the opportunities and challenges of MCPMs, the fabricating strategies to take and the future perspectives.

亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄华占水稻幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性及Na^(+)稳态的影响

以黄华占种子为材料,研究盐胁迫条件下,外源亚精胺(Spd)对水稻幼苗根系的生长、抗氧化酶活性、活性氧(ROS)代谢、丙二醛(MDA)以及Na^(+)稳态的影响。结果表明,经100 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理水稻幼苗根系的ROS、·O_(2)^(-)、H_(2)O_(2)、Na^(+)和MDA含量显著升高,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低;在盐胁迫条件下,施用0.1 mmol/L Spd显著提高水稻幼苗根系的CAT和POD活性,显著降低ROS、·O_(2)^(-)、H_(2)O_(2)、Na^(+)和MDA含量,从而减轻Na^(+)毒害和过氧化造成的膜损伤,保护生物膜系统的稳定,维持细胞的稳态。

盐胁迫下外源脯氨酸对油菜Na^(+)/K^(+)平衡、生长及抗氧化系统的影响

为探究盐胁迫下外源脯氨酸对油菜生长发育的调控机制,以甘蓝型油菜为试验材料,在150 mmol/L盐胁迫下设置5个外源脯氨酸水平(0、0.25、0.5、1和2 mmol/L),探究外源脯氨酸对盐胁迫下抗氧化系统、渗透物质和离子含量的影响。结果显示:盐胁迫显著抑制油菜的生长,较低浓度(0.25 mmol/L和0.5 mmol/L)外源脯氨酸均可促进油菜的生长,相比0.25 mmol/L外源脯氨酸,施用0.5 mmol/L对油菜长势具有较好的促进作用,能够减少叶片Na^(+)积累,提高K^(+)含量,提高抗氧化酶的活性,并降低活性氧含量。另外,0.5 mmol/L外源脯氨酸还可以促进油菜叶片脯氨酸等渗透物质的积累。而施用较高浓度(1 mmol/L和2 mmol/L)外源脯氨酸不仅没有缓解盐胁迫,还对油菜叶片造成进一步的伤害。综上,盐胁迫会对油菜生长造成损伤,而施用适量外源脯氨酸能够激发抗氧化系统,有效缓解盐胁迫对油菜生长的抑制,提高油菜的耐盐性。

温阳益气活血方对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌组织Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶的影响

目的观察温阳益气活血方对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌组织Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶的影响,探讨其治疗心力衰竭的作用机制。方法采用皮下多点注射异丙肾上腺素制备慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型,将成模大鼠随机分为模型组、西药组和温阳益气活血方低、中、高剂量组,每组14只,另设空白组15只,给药组分别予相应药物灌胃,空白组和模型组予等量生理盐水,连续6周。超声检测大鼠心功能,ELISA检测血清脑钠肽(BNP)含量,计算心脏质量指数(HMI),HE染色观察心肌组织病理变化,酶活比色法、免疫组化及RT-PCR检测心肌组织Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活性及表达。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)显著降低(P<0.01);血清BNP含量显著增加,HMI显著升高(P<0.01);心肌组织大量纤维水肿,胞质疏松,组织边缘心肌纤维溶解,伴有少量淋巴细胞浸润;心肌组织Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活性显著减弱,蛋白及mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,温阳益气活血方高剂量组大鼠LVEF、LVFS显著升高(P<0.01);血清BNP含量显著减少,HMI显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);心肌纤维水肿、胞质疏松、炎症浸润、细胞空泡变性及纤维溶解程度均有改善;心肌组织Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶和Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活性显著增强,蛋白及mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.01)。结论温阳益气活血方能通过调节心肌Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活性及表达改善心力衰竭大鼠心功能不全,发挥治疗慢性心力衰竭的作用。