Spatial pattern of dominant tree species of the secondary monsoon rain forest in Lianjiang, Guangdong Province

Based on the summed dominance ratios of species in sample plots, the first three dominant species (Litchi chinensis, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Canarium album) of the secondary monsoon rain forest of Mt. Royal Shoe in Lianjiang City, western Guangdong, were chosen for analyzing their spatial distribution pattern with the analysis methods such as frequency models of Poisson Distribution, Two Negative Items Distribution, Neyman Distribution, aggregate indexes, Taylor exponential equation and Iwao’s equation modeling. The results showed that these three species distributed in the congregate spatial pattern. Litchi chinensis and Elaeocarpus sylvestris had the characteristic of basic congregate population and attractive characteristic between their plants. The patterns for Canarium album may change and become more evenly distributed with the increase of density. The overall species spatial pattern also depended on the conservation of the secondary monsoon rain forest besides it was affected by the species reproduction characteristics and its growing environment. The congregate spatial patterns of three dominant species showed that it is important to conserve forest urgent conservation of the forest.

A Simple Method to Extract Tropical Monsoon Forests Using NDVI Based on MODIS Data:A Case Study in South Asia and Peninsula Southeast Asia

Distribution of monsoon forests is important for the research of carbon and water cycles in the tropical regions. In this paper, a simple approach is proposed to map monsoon forests using the Normalized Difference Vegetation lndex （NDVI） derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data. Owing to the high contrast of greenness between wet season and dry season, the monsoon forest can be easily discriminated from other forests by combining the maximum and minimum annual NDVI. The MODIS-based monsoon forest maps （MODMF） from 2000 to 2009 are derived and evaluated using the ground-truth dataset. The MODMF achieves an average producer accuracy of 80.0% and the Kappa statistic of 0.719. The variability of MODMF among different years is compared with that calculated from MODIS land cover products （MCD 12Q 1）. The results show that the coefficient of variation of total monsoon forest area in MODMF is 7.3%, which is far lower than that in MCD12Q1 with 24.3%. Moreover, the pixels in MODMv which can be identified for 7 to 9 times between 200l and 2009 account for 53.1%, while only 7.9% ofMCD12QI pixels have this frequency. Additionally, the monsoon forest areas estimated in MODMF, Global Land Cover 2000 （GLC2000）, MCDI2Q1 and University of Maryland （UMD） products are compared with the statistical dataset at national level, which reveals that MODMv has the highest R^2 of 0.95 and the lowest RMSE of 14 014 km^2. This algorithm is simple but reliable for mapping the monsoon forests without complex classification techniques.

Mangrove forest degradation indicated by mangrove-derived organic matter in the Qinzhou Bay,Guangxi,China,and its response to the Asian monsoon during the Holocene climatic optimum

The response of mangrove ecosystems to the Asian monsoon in the future global warming can be understood by reconstructing the development of mangrove forests during the Holocene climatic optimum（HCO）, using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. The total organic matter in sediments of a segmented core, with calibrated age ranges between 5.6 and 7.7 cal. ka BP and corresponding to the HCO, from the Qinzhou Bay in Guangxi, China, is quantitatively partitioned into three end-members according to their sources： mangrove-derived, terrigenous,and marine phytoplanktonic, using a three-end-member model depicted by organic carbon isotope（δ13Corg） and the molar ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen（C/N）. The percentage of mangrove-derived organic matter（MOM） contribution is used as a proxy for mangrove development. Three visible drops in MOM contribution occurred at ca. 7.3, ca. 6.9, and ca. 6.2 cal. ka BP, respectively, are recognized against a relatively stable and higher MOM contribution level, indicating that three distinct mangrove forest degradations occurred in the Qinzhou Bay during the HCO. The three mangrove forest degradations approximately correspond to the time of the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon. This indicates that even during a period favorable for the mangrove development, such as the HCO, climatic extremes, such as cold and dry events driven by the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon, can trigger the degradation of mangrove forests.

Monsoonal Influence on Evapotranspiration of the Tropical Mangrove Forest in Northeast India

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the water cycle. This study reports on the monsoonal influence on the temporal variation in evapotranspiration of an extremely water conservative and salinity stressed tropical mangrove forest at the land-ocean boundary of northeast coast of India. The magnitude and dynamics of evapotranspiration (ET) exhibited seasonality dominated by monsoon and evaporation rate was greater (0.055 ± 0.015 g·m-2·s-1) during the monsoon than in pre-monsoon (0.049 ± 0.018 g·m-2·s-1) and post-monsoon (0.044 ± 0.012 g·m-2·s-1). Seasonal difference in evapotranpiration was mostly due to fluctuation of canopy resistance, which was the minimum during monsoon when relative humidity was greater than in the dry season (pre- and post-monsoon) and deficiency of water supply (ET ≈ ETeq) was minimum. Evapotranspiration in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem is the predominant biophysical processes that recycles 67.7% of total precipitation annually to the atmosphere, and has significant monsoonal influence.

Forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna,south China

Xishuangbanna of southern Yunnan is biogeographically located at a transitional zone from tropical southeast （SE） Asia to subtropical east Asia and is at the junction of the Indian and Burmese plates of Gondwana and the Eurasian plate of Laurasia. The region, though surprisingly far from the equator and at a relatively high altitude, has a rich tropical flora and a typical tropical rain forest in the lowland areas. Based on physiognomic and ecological characteristics, floristic composition and habitats combined, the primary vegetation in Xishuangbanna can be organized into four main vegetation types： tropical rain forest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest and tropical monsoon forest. The tropical rain forest can be classified into two subtypes, i.e. a tropical seasonal rain forest in the lowlands and a tropical montane rain forest at higher elevations. The tropical seasonal rain forest has almost the same forest profile and physiognomic characteristics as equatorial lowland rain forests and is a type of truly tropical rain forest. Because of conspicuous similarity on ecological and floristic characteristics, the tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna is a type of tropical Asian rain forest. However, since the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna occurs at the northern edge of tropical SE Asia, it differs from typical lowland rain forests in equatorial areas in having some deciduous trees in the canopy layer, fewer megaphanerophytes and epiphytes but more abundant lianas and more plants with microphyll. It is a type of semi-evergreen rain forest at the northern edge of the tropical zone. The tropical montane rain forest occurs at wet montane habitats and is similar to the lower montane rain forest in equatorial Asia in floristic composition and physiognomy. It is a type of lower montane rain forests within the broader category of tropical rain forests. The tropical seasonal moist forest occurs on middle and upper limestone slopes. It is similar to the tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in the region in physiognomy, but differs from the latter in floristic composition. It is a vegetation type on limestone at high elevations. The monsoon forest in Xishuangbanna is a tropical deciduous forest under the influence of a strong monsoon climate and is considered to be a transitional vegetation type between a tropical rain forest and savanna in physiognomy and distribution. The tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest is the main montane vegetation type in the region. It is dominated largely by the families Fagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Theaceae and Lauraceae. It differs from tropical lower montane rain forests in its lack of epiphytes and in having more abundant lianas and plants with compound leaves. It is considered to be a distinct vegetation type from the northern margin of mainland southeastern Asia, controlled by a strong seasonal climate, based on its floristic and physiognomic characteristics.

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of CO2Fluxes and Their Climate Controlling Factors for a Subtropical Forest in Ningxiang

In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in a subtropical mixed evergreen forest in Ningxiang of Hunan Province, part of the East Asian monsoon region, were quantified for the first time. The fluxes were based on eddy covariance measurements from a newly initiated flux tower. The relationship between the CO2 fluxes and climate factors was also analyzed. The results showed that the target ecosystem appeared to be a clear carbon sink in 2013, with integrated net ecosystem CO2exchange（NEE）, ecosystem respiration（RE）, and gross ecosystem productivity（GEP） of-428.8, 1534.8 and1963.6 g C m^-2yr^-1, respectively. The net carbon uptake（i.e. the-NEE）, RE and GEP showed obvious seasonal variability,and were lower in winter and under drought conditions and higher in the growing season. The minimum NEE occurred on12 June（-7.4 g C m^-2d^-1）, due mainly to strong radiation, adequate moisture, and moderate temperature; while a very low net CO2 uptake occurred in August（9 g C m^-2month^-1）, attributable to extreme summer drought. In addition, the NEE and GEP showed obvious diurnal variability that changed with the seasons. In winter, solar radiation and temperature were the main controlling factors for GEP, while the soil water content and vapor pressure deficit were the controlling factors in summer. Furthermore, the daytime NEE was mainly limited by the water-stress effect under dry and warm atmospheric conditions, rather than by the direct temperature-stress effect.

Tree species diversity and utilities in a contracting lowland hillside rainforest fragment in Central Vietnam

Background： Within the highly bio-diverse ‘Northern Vietnam Lowland Rain Forests Ecoregion＇ only small, and mostly highly modified forestlands persist within vast exotic-species plantations. The aim of this study was to elucidate vegetation patterns of a secondary hillside rainforest remnant（elevation 120–330 m, 76 ha） as an outcome of natural processes, and anthropogenic processes linked to changing forest values.Methods： In the rainforest remnant tree species and various bio-physical parameters（relating to soils and terrain）were surveyed on forty 20 m × 20 m sized plots. The forest＇s vegetation patterns and tree diversity were analysed using dendrograms, canonical correspondence analysis, and other statistical tools.Results： Forest tree species richness was high（172 in the survey, 94 per hectare）, including many endemic species（〉16%; some recently described）. Vegetation patterns and diversity were largely explained by topography, with colline/sub-montane species present mainly along hillside ridges, and lowland/humid-tropical species predominant on lower slopes. Scarcity of high-value timber species reflected past logging, whereas abundance of light-demanding species, and species valued for fruits, provided evidence of human-aided forest restoration and ‘enrichment＇ in terms of useful trees. Exhaustion of sought-after forest products, and decreasing appreciation of non-wood products concurred with further encroachment of exotic plantations in between 2010 and 2015. Regeneration of rare tree species was reduced probably due to forest isolation.Conclusions： Despite long-term anthropogenic influences, remnant forests in the lowlands of Vietnam can harbor high plant biodiversity, including many endangered species. Various successive future changes（vanishing species, generalist dominance, and associated forest structural-qualitative changes） are, however, expected to occur in smal forest fragments.Lowland forest biodiversity can only be maintained if forest fragments maintain a certain size and/or are connected via corridors to larger forest networks. Preservation of the forests may be fostered using new economic incentive schemes.

Diversity-biomass relationships are shaped by tree mycorrhizal associations and stand structural diversity at different spatial scales

Diversity-biomass relationships(DBRs)in terrestrial ecosystems tend to vary across spatial scales,but,particularly in hyperdiverse forests,the mechanisms driving these trends remain uncertain.Until now,few have simultaneously investigated the connections between tree species diversity,stand structural diversity,mycorrhizal associations,and ecosystem functioning.In addition,DBRs have only been studied at limited spatial scales,with limited focus on the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors.We addressed these research gaps using a 30-ha forest dynamics plot located in Pu'er City,Southwest China.Through piecewise structural equation models,we quantified the direct effects of tree species diversity(α,β,γ),stand structural diversity,mycorrhizal associations(AM,EcM),and the environmental factors(soil fertility and topography),as well as the indirect effects of the environmental factors on aboveground tree biomass across spatial scales ranging from 400 to 230,400 m^(2).We hypothesized that complex interactions among these factors underpin the variation in DBRs in natural ecosystems across spatial scales.Our results showed that environmental conditions indirectly affected the tree biomass via changes in tree species diversity,and these effects became stronger as the spatial scale increased.At small to moderate spatial scales,environmental factors were more predictive of tree biomass than tree species diversity(or its components);the effects of stand structural diversity on biomass also gradually increased with spatial scale.Conversely,from the intermediate to the largest spatial scales,mycorrhizal associations gradually became the best predictors of DBR dynamics.Our research offers novel empirical evidence demonstrating the importance of environmental conditions,structural diversity,and mycorrhizal associations in shaping cross-scale DBRs.Future comprehensive studies should consider these factors to assess the mechanisms shaping scale-dependent DBRs in complex natural ecosystems.

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的水文学过程及其氮素动态

本文对鼎湖山南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林—黄果厚壳桂（Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｃａｒｙａｃｏｎｅｉｎｎａ）、鼎湖钓樟（Ｌｉｎｄｅｒａｃｈｕｎｉｉ）群落的水文学过程以及水系统中的氮素动态特征进行了初步研究。结果显示：所研究的群落中雨水输入的氮量较高，达３５．５７ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１·－１），但渗入土壤及地表径流输出的氮也多，分别为１８．２８和９．２５ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１），输入输出之差为８．０４ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）。雨水对林冠的氮素淋溶量为４．７２ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）。通过回归分析，发现各类型水中含氮量与降雨量之间存在较显著的直线相关关系。不同树种的树干茎流中氮浓度存有差别。

西双版纳不同海拔热带雨林凋落量变化研究

在3个海拔梯度(600、1 100和1 600 m)选取8块热带雨林样地,研究了印度季风环境下西双版纳热带季节雨林和山地雨林的凋落动态随海拔的变化及其与气候的关系.在3个梯度上,年平均温度分别为22.1、20.1和16.6℃,年平均温度递减率为-0.005 3℃·m-1.随海拔增加,年平均降雨量增加(分别为1 532、1 659和2 011 mm),但旱季的降雨量基本相同(282～295 mm);年蒸发量变化较小(分别为1 369、1 374和1 330mm);年平均空气相对湿度降低(分别为86%、81%和84%),旱季后期湿度降低更明显;样地土壤含水显著增加.热带季节雨林凋落量(1 072～1 285 g·m-2·a-1)显著高于热带山地雨林凋落量(718～1 014 g·m-2·a-1).凋落量和凋落进程变异系数与海拔之间存在线性显著负相关,凋落量与温度线性显著正相关而与降雨量显著负相关.旱季凋落高峰受到空气相对湿度和土壤含水量影响,随海拔增加空气相对湿度降低使得海拔1 105～1 720 m的凋落高峰提前,但土壤含水量继续增加又会使凋落高峰推后.研究结果得出:1)热带季节雨林凋落量与东南亚热带潮湿雨林相近;2)旱季水分限制随海拔增加而变化,影响凋落高峰出现时间;3)随海拔增加,热带山地雨林凋落年进程由季节性向平稳过渡.

云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林演替系列植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征

通过测定中国西南季风常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段(演替15a,演替30a及原始林)群落中植物叶片与土壤中C、N、P含量,探索了季风常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段群落C、N、P化学计量特征及其与物种丰富度及多度的相关性。结果表明:土壤及植物中全N、全P含量及土壤中C含量均为演替30a群落中最低,而植物中C含量在不同演替阶段群落间无显著性差异。在不同演替阶段共有种中,40%的物种N含量原始林中最高,40%的物种P含量演替15a群落中最高,而80%的物种C含量无显著性差异。土壤中C:N比在不同演替阶段间无显著变化,而N:P及C:P比则随演替呈减小趋势。植物中C:N及C:P比均为演替30a群落最高,而N:P比则随演替呈增加趋势。不同演替阶段共有种的C:N比中,40%的物种原始林中最低,40%的物种无差异,而C:P与N:P比中则均有60%物种无显著性差异,但70%物种在演替15a群落中N:P小于14,演替30a群落中50%物种N:P在14—16,原始林中则有80%物种N:P大于16。群落物种丰富度及个体多度均与C:N、N:P、C:P无显著的相关性,但植物中的N、P与土壤的N、P分别具有显著的线性正相关,说明土壤中N、P供应量影响植物体中的N、P含量。

鼎湖山顶级森林生态系统水文要素时空规律

运用连续 7a( 1 993～ 1 999)的水文观测资料 ,对南亚热带顶级生态系统鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林集水区水文要素时空规律进行分析 ,得到如下一些主要结论 :( 1 )鼎湖山多年平均降水量为 1 91 0 mm,湿季降水量占年降水量 80 % ,干季仅占 2 0 %。 6月份的降水量最大 ,1月份最小。 ( 2 )季风常绿阔叶林冠层截留率为31 .8% ,湿季的截留量占全年截留量的 66.7% ,截留量最大值和最小值所在的月份分别为 7和 1月份。各月的截留率差异很大 ,截留量大的月份 ,截留率较低 ;截留量小的月份 ,截留率较高。 ( 3)季风常绿阔叶林集水区多年平均总径流量 95 3.0 mm,总径流系数 49.9% ,其中地表径流量为 2 5 2 .3mm,地表径流系数1 3.2 % ;地表径流与降水量之间存在二次抛物线型回归关系 ,与降水强度的关系不大 ,这说明季风常绿阔叶林的产流形式是是蓄满产流。 ( 4 )季风常绿阔叶林多年平均蒸散 948.2 mm,占同期降水量的 49.7% ;蒸散力 1 0 31 .4mm,年蒸散系数为 0 .92 ,蒸散月变化规律较降水量的月变化规律有所滞后。( 5 )系统贮水量的月变化很大 ,2～ 8月份 ,系统处于蓄水阶段 ;9月份至翌年 1月份 ,系统处于失水阶段。蓄水和失水的最大值分别出现在湿季和干季的第一个月 ,即 4月份和 1 0月份。 ( 6)

海南尖峰岭国家级保护区青皮林资源与乔木层群落学特征

三分区位于尖峰岭国家级自然保护区，目前区内有海南岛保存最好的青皮林。根据1．38hm^2的样地资料，林分平均蓄积量高达469．773m^3·hm^-2；平均胸径28．6cm，最大胸径143．3cm；林木组成复杂，记载种类300多种。青皮为热带常绿季雨林的表征种和建群种，重要值为16．8，该种群的径级和年龄结构合理，具有反J曲线的正常增长型种群。聚类分析结果表明：属于典型热带常绿季雨林类型的青皮林群落分布在海拔300，650m处，伴生树种有白茶、细子龙、野生荔枝等。调查区内有8种国家重点保护植物，其中坡垒为国家一级保护植物，青皮是关键种，该区的森林生态系统具有极高的保护价值。

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林木本植物个体死亡动态

采用永久样地生物多样性长期监测的方法,在对1hm2永久样地DBH≥1cm的植物进行4次测定的基础上,研究了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林植物个体死亡的动态及其成因,并对不同物种和不同径级植物死亡率的格局差异进行了分析。结果表明,从1992年到2004年,12a内该样地DBH≥1cm的植物共死亡2411株,为该样地现有活立木的69·34%。共有92种木本植物发生了个体死亡,占样地108种木本植物的85·19%,其中乔木70种,灌木22种;年平均死亡株数呈直线上升;死亡涉及木本植物种数也呈上升趋势;样地内种群数量最多的云南银柴(Aporosayunnanensis)和柏拉木(Blastuscochinchinensis)死亡株数也最多(分别为445株和440株),分别占所有死亡株数的18·46%、18·25%;优势树种黄果厚壳桂由于受虫害的影响,种群死亡率达90·83%;小径级树木死亡较多,其中DBH≤5cm死亡株数占样地死亡总株数的79·22%。自疏作用、灾害性天气、虫害和人为干扰直接影响到样地内植物个体的死亡动态。

云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林主要树种非结构性碳水化合物变异分析

【目的】探索植物非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)组分随物种和植物器官的变化特征,了解不同树种的生长动态、碳代谢特征及生长对策。【方法】在云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林中,选取20个重要物种,采集植物叶片、枝条、树干及树根,测定其可溶性糖类(蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖)及淀粉浓度,分析其NSC各组分随物种和植物器官的变化特征。【结果】不同植物器官间NSC存在显著差异,叶片中蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖浓度最高,树干中浓度最低,而根中淀粉浓度最高,叶片中浓度最低。不同物种之间蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖及淀粉浓度均存在显著性差异。绝大多数物种可溶性糖类浓度高值主要出现在叶片中,而淀粉高值主要出现在根中。所有NSC组分在不同植物器官中变异均较高,蔗糖变动范围为45.99%~60.40%,果糖为60.96%~86.26%,葡萄糖为56.41%~97.40%,淀粉为40.40%~55.01%;绝大多数物种NSC的变异系数大于50%,甚至超过100%。变异来源分析显示,蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖浓度主要受物种影响,而淀粉浓度则主要受植物器官影响,但物种、植物器官及其交互作用对NSC不同组分影响均达到显著水平。【结论】普洱季风常绿阔叶林不同物种NSC及其组分浓度不同,植物叶片中可溶性糖浓度最高,而根中淀粉浓度最高。物种是影响可溶性糖浓度的主导因素,而器官则主要影响淀粉浓度。

季风常绿阔叶林演替系列菌根资源及其与群落多样性的关系

随着森林生态系统的正向演替,植物物种多样性、群落结构、生产力以及土壤条件均会发生显著的变化,这些变化对菌根类型和多样性会产生不同程度的影响。为了探讨群落结构和功能的变化对菌根资源可能产生的影响,选择季风常绿阔叶林及其演替系列上的代表性森林生态系统为对象,对菌根化根系、菌根类型和菌根真菌孢子密度进行调查,并结合已有的群落信息和土壤养分状况,分析在森林演替过程中菌根资源的变化情况和可能的影响因素。结果表明:季风常绿阔叶林各演替阶段的森林生态系统中菌根化比例接近70%,但不同演替阶段森林的优势菌根类型存在明显的差异。处于演替初期的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林以丛枝菌根为主,占菌根总数的78%;演替中期的针阔叶混交林中的外生菌根占有绝对优势,占75%,是丛枝菌根的3倍;演替顶级的季风常绿阔叶林中的外生菌根和丛枝菌根的比例相当。马尾松林的菌根真菌孢子密度最高,每20 g风干土壤中的孢子数量高达2 925个,是针阔叶混交林的2.5倍,季风常绿阔叶林的2倍。演替系列上的森林生态系统的菌根类型的差异与植物物种多样性和群落结构,尤其是林下的灌木、草本层密度存在一定的相关性,同时也受土壤养分状况的影响。马尾松林具有较丰富的草本植物和较高的草本层密度,并且该森林的土壤相对贫瘠,这些条件都有利于丛枝菌根真菌侵染草本植物的根系形成丛枝菌根并产生大量孢子。针阔叶混交林中外生菌根的优势主要受该森林中外生菌根植物在群落组成上的绝对优势影响。季风常绿阔叶林的物种丰富,群落结构复杂,因此该森林呈现了两种类型菌根优势相当的现象。该文的结果表明,随着季风常绿阔叶林演替的进行,菌根资源在类型上会出现较大的分异,而这种变化受植物物种数量、群落结构的影响,与土壤养分状况存在一定的关系,并且不同演替阶段森林生态系统影响菌根组成的因素存在差异。

菜阳河自然保护区天然植被物种多样性研究

采用植物群落学的原理和方法,对菜阳河自然保护区内的3种主要天然植被物种多样性进行研究 结果表明:植被型相同的群落间物种相似性程度较高,植被型不同的群落间物种相似性系数为山地雨林和季节雨林>山地雨林和季风常绿阔叶林>季节雨林和季风常绿阔叶林 季节雨林群落优势种明显,重要值集中在少数优势种上;山地雨林群落优势种不明显,重要值分布均匀;季风常绿阔叶林群落优势种明显,重要值分布不均匀 山地雨林群落物种丰富,多样性指数明显高于季节雨林群落和季风常绿阔叶林群落

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林各层次优势种热值研究

探讨鼎湖山南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林不同层次优势植物热值一般规律 ,可为该群落能量特征和生态效率研究提供基础资料和科学依据 .2 0 0 2年用PARR 12 81型氧弹热值仪测定了该群落不同层次 2 1种优势植物不同器官(部位 )热值 .结果表明 ,季风常绿阔叶林各优势种的平均干重热值在 15 92～ 19 6 6kJ g间 ,乔木 1层干重热值以厚壳桂最高 ,乌榄最低 ;乔木 2层华润楠最高 ,云南银柴最低 ;层间藤本植物白背瓜馥木和杖枝省藤分别为 19 73和 18 19kJ g ;灌木层干重热值最高仍为厚壳桂 ,最低为云南银柴 ;草本层植物干重热值在 15 92～ 17 5 2kJ g之间 .各层优势种平均干重热值和去灰分热值都表现为 :层间藤本 >乔木 1层 >乔木 2层 >灌木层 >草本层 .植物器官去灰分热值存在差异 ,乔木 1层中锥栗、荷木树皮及厚壳桂、乌榄树叶最高 ,乔木 2层中云南银柴根最高 ,层间植物叶 >干 >根 ,草本植物是地上部分 >地下部分 ;同种植物 (厚壳桂或云南银柴 )在不同层次中的去灰分热值没有明显差别 ,器官生长的年龄 (或直径 )对去灰分热值有影响 ,随年龄增大 。

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林土壤酸度对土壤养分的影响

通过在鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的研究发现 :( 1 )季风常绿阔叶林土壤整个剖面 ( 0～ 60cm)pH值都较低 ,小于 4 5。 ( 2 )土壤养分含量随着土壤剖面层次 ( 0～ 2 0cm、2 0～ 40cm、40～ 60cm)的降低而下降。养分除水解性N外 ,有效P、速效K以及交换性Ca、Mg含量都很少。 ( 3 ) 0～ 2 0cm土壤养分比其它层的土壤养分更容易受到土壤酸度的影响。 40～ 60cm土壤养分除了交换性Ca外 ,其它养分的含量与土壤酸度无显著关系。就不同月份来说 ,1月份和 4月份土壤养分比 7月份和 1 0月份土壤养分容易受到土壤pH值的影响。不同养分比较 ,交换性Ca和Mg以及有效P含量比其它养分更容易受到土壤酸度的影响。

广东季雨林的几个问题

季雨林是分布在具有明显干湿季节变化热带地区，在干季或多或少，甚至全部落叶的森林植被；是介于热带雨林向热带稀疏林过渡的居间类型，而不是由热带雨林向亚热带常绿阔叶林过渡的植被类型。应归属于经向地带性植被，而非纬度地带性植被。并且，在广东南部沿海地区的气候条件下，也不会有季雨林发育。广东南部沿海地区的榕树＋香蒲桃＋野苹婆（Ｆｉｃｕｓｍｉｃｒｏｃａｒｐａ＋Ｓｙｘｙｇｉｕｍｏｄｏｒａｔｕｍ＋Ｓｔｅｒｃｕｌｉａｔａ）群落等类型不是季雨林，而是热带季节雨林，属广义的热带雨林范畴。