The Fractal Dimension Distribution of the Short-Term Climate System in China and It's Connection with the Monsoon Climate

By analyzing the Fractal Dimension(FD) distribution of the Short-range Climate system(SCS) in China, it is found that the FD varies in different region and this just agrees with the regionally of the monsoon climate in China. The FD of the SCS Lays between 2.0 and 5.0. In the vast eastern area of China, the FD almost grows gradually with the latitude. Line 4.0 is along the mountain chains from the Nanlin Mountain to the Wuyi Mountain. North of the line the FD varies only slightly and all are above 4.0. Only in coastal islands the FD is smaller than 3.0.

The Aerosol-Monsoon Climate System of Asia:A New Paradigm

This commentary is based on a series of recent lectures on aerosol-monsoon interactions I gave at the Beijing Normal University in August 2015. A main theme of the lectures is on a new paradigm of ＂An Aerosol-Monsoon-Climate-System＂, which posits that aerosol, like rainfall, cloud, and wind, is an integral component of the monsoon climate system, influencing monsoon weather and climate on M1 timescales. Here, salient issues discussed in my lectures and my personal perspective regarding interactions between atmospheric dynamics and aerosols from both natural and anthropogenic sources are summarized. My hope is that under this new paradigm, we can break down traditional disciplinary barriers, advance a deeper understanding of weather and climate in monsoon regions, as well as entrain a new generation of geoscientists to strive for a sustainable future for one of the most complex and challenging human-natural climate sub-system of the earth.

Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia

Global warming and climate change is one of the most extensively researched and discussed topical issues affecting the environment.Although there are enough historical evidence to support the theory that climate change is a natural phenomenon,many research scientists are widely in agreement that the increase in temperature in the 20 th century is anthropologically related.The associated effects are the variability of rainfall and cyclonic patterns that are being observed globally.In Southeast Asia the link between global warming and the seasonal atmospheric flow during the monsoon seasons shows varying degree of fuzziness.This study investigates the impact of climate change on the seasonality of monsoon Asia and its effect on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia.The comparison of decadal variation of precipitation and temperature anomalies before the 1970 s found general increases which were mostly varying.But beyond the 1970 s,global precipitation anomalous showed increases that almost corresponded with increases in global temperature anomalies for the same period.There are frequent changes and a shift westward of the Indian summer monsoon.Although precipitation is observed to be 70%below normal levels,in some areas the topography affects the intensity of rainfall.These shifting phenomenon of other monsoon season in the region are impacting on the variability of rainfall and the onset of monsoons in Southeast Asia and is predicted to delay for 15 days the onset of the monsoon in the future.The variability of monsoon rainfall in the SEA region is observed to be decadal and the frequency and intensity of intermittent flooding of some areas during the monsoon season have serious consequences on the human,financial,infrastructure and food security of the region.

Modeling Aerosol Climate Effects over Monsoon Asia:A Collaborative Research Program

This paper describes the latest progress of a collaborative research program entitled ＂Modeling Aerosol Climate Effects over Monsoon Asia＂, under the Climate Sciences agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Chinese Academy of Sciences（in the early 1980 s, Professor Duzheng YE played a critical role in leading and formalizing the agreement）. Here, the rationale and approach for pursuing the program, the participants, and research activities of recent years are first described, and then the highlights of the program＇s key findings and relevant scientific issues, as well as follow-up studies, are presented and discussed.

Temporal-Spatial Variances of Holocene Precipitation at the Marginal Area of the East Asian Monsoon Influences from Pollen Evidence

The woodland-steppe ecotone in the. southern Nei Mongol Plateau is located at the northern edge of the east Asian monsoon influences. A marked southeastern - northwestern (SE - NW) precipitation gradient exists in this region. Quantitative reconstruction of palaeo-precipitation of this region is helpful to reveal the development of monsoon climate and to predict die future desertification. Based on modern vegetation and surface pollen studies, a pollen-precipitation transfer function in the study region was established. Pollen data from three sediment sequences within the ecotone were used to reconstruct palaeo-precipitation during the Holocene. The processes of precipitation changes in the three sequences were quite different. There was a tendency of precipitation declined from the onset of the Holocene to 1 100 a BP in Haoluku. But, in Liuzhouwan and Xiaoniuchang, both located south of Haoluku, the annual precipitation reached highest values during 7 800 - 6 200 a BP and 7 200 - 5 000 a BP, respectively. The influences of southwestern (SW) monsoon and the variances of topographical conditions have possibly caused these temporal-spatial variances.

Relationship between land cover and monsoon interannual variations in east Asia

Asian monsoon have multiple forms of variations such as seasonal variation, intra-seasonal variation, interannual variation, etc. The interannual variations have not only yearly variations but also variations among several years. In general, the yearly variations are described with winter temperature and summer precipitation, and the variations among several years are reflected by circulation of ENSO events. In this study, at first, we analyze the relationship between land cover and interannual monsoon variations represented by precipitation changes using Singular Value Decomposition method based on the time series precipitation data and 8km NOAA AVHRR NDVI data covering 1982 to 1993 in east Asia. Furthermore, after confirmation and reclassification of ENSO events which are recognized as the strong signal of several year monsoon variation, using the same time series NDVI data during 1982 to 1993 in east Asia, we make a Principle Component Analysis and analyzed the correlation of the 7th component eigenvectors and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) that indicates the characteristic of ENSO events, and summed up the temporal-spatial distribution features of east Asian land cover’s inter-annual variations that are being driven by changes of ENSO events.

Biomarkers reveal the terrigenous organic matter enrichment in the late Oligocene-early Miocene marine shales in the Ying-Qiong Basin,South China Sea

The increase of total organic carbon content of the late Oligocene-early Miocene terrigenously-dominated marine shales in the shallower depth intervals was reported in the Ying-Qiong Basin,South China Sea.The organic enriched lower Sanya Formation shales(early Miocene)have biomarker characteristics of tropical/subtropical plants,with abundant high molecular weight n-alkanes,angiosperm-derived oleanane,rearranged oleananesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,tricyclic/tetracyclic terpanes including des-A-oleanane,X,*,Y,Z,Z1 and bicadinanes W,T,T1,R.The biomarker characteristics are suggestive of larger influx of the dominant tropical/subtropical angiosperms in flora under a warming and more humid climate during depositions of the lower Sanya Formation(early Miocene)than the older Lingshui Formation(late Oligocene).The tropical/subtropical angiosperm input was thought as the prime control of terrigenous organic matter enrichment relative to the redox condition,and the coeval sea level changes and seafloor spreading in the South China Sea.Enrichment of the terrigenous organic matter in the early Miocene shales is likely in association with the coeval peak East Asian summer monsoon intensity in the South China Sea.

Impact of subtropical climate on frequency of ambulance use for trauma patients in a coastal area of China

Purpose： To explore the impact of subtropical maritime monsoon climate on the frequency of ambulance use for trauma patients in a coastal region in China. Method： Statistical analysis of data on ambulance use from the 120 Emergency Command Center in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, from January to December 2012 as well as daily meteorological data from a Shantou observatory was performed to determine how climatic factors （seasons, time, and weather） affect the frequency of ambulance use for trauma patients. Results： The daily ambulance use for trauma patients differed between spring and summer or autumn （p 〈 0.05）, between sunny and rainy days （p 〈 0.05）, and between cloudy and lightly or moderately rainy days （p 〈 0.05）. We found a linear correlation between daily maximum temperature and daily ambulance use for trauma patients （R^2 0.103, p 〈 0.05）. In addition, there was significant difference in ambulance use between good and bad weather （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Frequency of ambulance use for trauma patients is affected by the subtropical maritime monsoon climate in the coastal region. Better weather contributes to increased daily frequency of ambulance use, which is the highest in autumn and lowest in spring.

Discovery and study of silver sulfate mineral in S_5 from the eastern suburb of Xi'an

The paleosol samples from the fifth layer of the loess profile at Renjiapo in the eastern suburb of Xi'an are observed and analyzed using electron microscope and energy spectrum. Minerals such as AgSO4 and molybdenum, which are rare to find and can indicate typical dry climate environment, are found in this layer of paleosol. Secondary mineral is usually granular form of ellipsoidal and crystallization, and has the characteristics of chemical precipitating crystallization of apertures and fracture. Molybdenum minerals have the characteristics of colloidal substances. There are two kinds of secondary minerals. One is silver sulfate mineral and the other is silver oxide mineral. The movement of secondary silver, molybdenum and cobalt minerals, new clay mineral, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 indicates that S5 has experienced strong chemical weathering and mineral dissolution during its development. Silver, molybdenum, and cobalt can be released from primary minerals. During that period, the precipitation was abundant in Xi'an where soil reached an acidity stage of chemical weathering. At the later development stage of paleosol in the lowest part of S5, warm and wet monsoon climate had changed to dry and non-monsoon climate. In the period of the formation of AgSO4, which is easier to dissolve than CaSO4, a dry and non-monsoon climate was present in the Guanzhong Plain. Strong evaporation resulted in the accumulation of SO42-in the soil water solution and the formation of AgSO4. At that time, summer monsoon of East Asia was weak and did not cross Qinling Mountains to reach Guanzhong Plain. And at that time, the precipitation in Xi'an was less than 300 mm, and it was drier then in Xi'an than at present in Lanzhou.