Mapping soil organic matter in cultivated land based on multi-year composite images on monthly time scales

Rapid and accurate acquisition of soil organic matter(SOM)information in cultivated land is important for sustainable agricultural development and carbon balance management.This study proposed a novel approach to predict SOM with high accuracy using multiyear synthetic remote sensing variables on a monthly scale.We obtained 12 monthly synthetic Sentinel-2 images covering the study area from 2016 to 2021 through the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform,and reflectance bands and vegetation indices were extracted from these composite images.Then the random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM)and gradient boosting regression tree(GBRT)models were tested to investigate the difference in SOM prediction accuracy under different combinations of monthly synthetic variables.Results showed that firstly,all monthly synthetic spectral bands of Sentinel-2 showed a significant correlation with SOM(P<0.05)for the months of January,March,April,October,and November.Secondly,in terms of single-monthly composite variables,the prediction accuracy was relatively poor,with the highest R^(2)value of 0.36 being observed in January.When monthly synthetic environmental variables were grouped in accordance with the four quarters of the year,the first quarter and the fourth quarter showed good performance,and any combination of three quarters was similar in estimation accuracy.The overall best performance was observed when all monthly synthetic variables were incorporated into the models.Thirdly,among the three models compared,the RF model was consistently more accurate than the SVM and GBRT models,achieving an R^(2)value of 0.56.Except for band 12 in December,the importance of the remaining bands did not exhibit significant differences.This research offers a new attempt to map SOM with high accuracy and fine spatial resolution based on monthly synthetic Sentinel-2 images.

Obstacles to the Integrated Care of Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Suffering from Acute and Severe Malnutrition at the Chu-Me and HATC of N’Djamena/Chad

Introduction: the problem of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and its consequences concern and challenge all social actors worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the real obstacles that actors face in the integrated management of children aged 6 - 59 months suffering from SAM at the University Hospital of Mother and Child (CHUME) and the Chad-China Friendship Hospital (HATC) of N’Djamena. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional descriptive and interpretative study conducted from January to October 2023 at the CHUME and HATC of N’Djamena. It is based on questionnaires and direct observation of two hundred and thirty-six (236) parents or guardians of malnourished children admitted to these health facilities. All 236 agreed to participate freely in this study. Results: it appears from this study that the obstacles to the integrated management of malnourished children were: poor care-care relationship (26.7%) permanent product breaks (22.9%), the direct costs of services ranged from 30,000 to 60,000 FCFA (41.53%), drugs used for the treatment of patients came from the street (66.10%), malaria and anemia occupy an important place (27.5%), 57.2% respondents had monthly income below 60,000 CFAF. Conclusion: the present study carried out has identified the real bottlenecks to the integrated management of children suffering from SAM in the therapeutic nutritional units of the city of N’Djamena. .

Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

Mixed D-vine copula-based conditional quantile model for stochastic monthly streamflow simulation

Copula functions have been widely used in stochastic simulation and prediction of streamflow.However,existing models are usually limited to single two-dimensional or three-dimensional copulas with the same bivariate block for all months.To address this limitation,this study developed a mixed D-vine copula-based conditional quantile model that can capture temporal correlations.This model can generate streamflow by selecting different historical streamflow variables as the conditions for different months and by exploiting the conditional quantile functions of streamflows in different months with mixed D-vine copulas.The up-to-down sequential method,which couples the maximum weight approach with the Akaike information criteria and the maximum likelihood approach,was used to determine the structures of multivariate Dvine copulas.The developed model was used in a case study to synthesize the monthly streamflow at the Tangnaihai hydrological station,the inflow control station of the Longyangxia Reservoir in the Yellow River Basin.The results showed that the developed model outperformed the commonly used bivariate copula model in terms of the performance in simulating the seasonality and interannual variability of streamflow.This model provides useful information for water-related natural hazard risk assessment and integrated water resources management and utilization.

Numerical Analysis of Slag Carry-Over during Molten Steel Draining

Slag carry-over during the draining of molten steel from a teeming ladle is numerically studied here. Two-phase isothermal transient 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were employed to simulate the draining process. Two nozzle diameters, two nozzle positions and three slag heights were considered. From mass balances, the slag carry-over in terms of mass flow rate was obtained for each of the above variables. Besides, the draining times of the teeming ladle were estimated from theoretical considerations and CDF simulations, and compared.

Diversity on the Interannual Variations of Spring Monthly Precipitation in Southern China and the Associated Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

There is a continuous and relatively stable rainy period every spring in southern China(SC).This spring precipitation process is a unique weather and climate phenomenon in East Asia.Previously,the variation characteristics and associated mechanisms of this precipitation process have been mostly discussed from the perspective of seasonal mean.Based on the observed and reanalysis datasets from 1982 to 2021,this study investigates the diversity of the interannual variations of monthly precipitation in spring in SC,and focuses on the potential influence of the tropical sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies.The results show that the interannual variations of monthly precipitation in spring in SC have significant differences,and the correlations between each two months are very weak.All the interannual variations of precipitation in three months are related to a similar western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone(WNPAC),and the southwesterlies at the western flank of WNPAC bring abundant water vapor for the precipitation in SC.However,the WNPAC is influenced by tropical SST anomalies in different regions each month.The interannual variation of precipitation in March in SC is mainly influenced by the signal of El Nino-Southern Oscillation,and the associated SST anomalies in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific regulate the WNPAC through the Pacific-East Asia(PEA)teleconnection.In contrast,the WNPAC associated with the interannual variation of precipitation in April can be affected by the SST anomalies in the northwestern equatorial Pacific through a thermally induced Rossby wave response.The interannual variation of precipitation in May is regulated by the SST anomalies around the western Maritime Continent,which stimulates the development of low-level anomalous anticyclones over the South China Sea and east of the Philippine Sea by driving anomalous meridional vertical circulation.

The Carry-Over of Mycotoxins in Products of Animal Origin with Special Regard to Its Implications for the European Food Safety Legislation

At present, carry-over research in mycotoxins experiences a change in focus. We reviewed the state-of-art knowledge regarding carry-over in aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, Fusarium toxins, patulin, ergot and citrinin. The common cooccurrence of mycotoxins demands for employment of multi-toxin analysis and poses a new challenge in reliable health hazard assessment. Synergies in adverse mycotoxin effects call for a revision of various guidance levels in feed. We found a lack of risk assessment regarding carry-over of rare mycotoxins and metabolites usually considered negligible.

Homogenised Monthly and Daily Temperature and Precipitation Time Series in China and Greece since 1960

In this paper,we describe and analyze two datasets entitled“Homogenised monthly and daily temperature and precipitation time series in China during 1960–2021”and“Homogenised monthly and daily temperature and precipitation time series in Greece during 1960–2010”.These datasets provide the homogenised monthly and daily mean(TG),minimum(TN),and maximum(TX)temperature and precipitation(RR)records since 1960 at 366 stations in China and 56stations in Greece.The datasets are available at the Science Data Bank repository and can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01731 and https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01720.For China,the regional mean annual TG,TX,TN,and RR series during 1960–2021 showed significant warming or increasing trends of 0.27℃(10 yr)^(-1),0.22℃(10 yr)^(-1),0.35℃(10 yr)^(-1),and 6.81 mm(10 yr)-1,respectively.Most of the seasonal series revealed trends significant at the 0.05level,except for the spring,summer,and autumn RR series.For Greece,there were increasing trends of 0.09℃(10 yr)-1,0.08℃(10 yr)^(-1),and 0.11℃(10 yr)^(-1)for the annual TG,TX,and TN series,respectively,while a decreasing trend of–23.35 mm(10 yr)^(-1)was present for RR.The seasonal trends showed a significant warming rate for summer,but no significant changes were noted for spring(except for TN),autumn,and winter.For RR,only the winter time series displayed a statistically significant and robust trend[–15.82 mm(10 yr)^(-1)].The final homogenised temperature and precipitation time series for both China and Greece provide a better representation of the large-scale pattern of climate change over the past decades and provide a quality information source for climatological analyses.

Virological Profile of People Living with HIV after 12 Months of Treatment with Dolutegravir in Kinshasa

Context: The evaluation of plasma Viral Load constitutes an indicator of the progression of the infection, the effectiveness and the tolerance of the treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the virological profile of Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV) after 12 months of AntiRetro Viral Treatment (ART) based on Dolutegravir (DTG) in Kinshasa. Method: The present study is a cross-sectional view of the virological profile of the twelfth month of a prospective cohort of PLHIV at M12 of DTG-based ART in Kinshasa. During the M12 appointment, a blood sample was taken for Molecular Biology analyses from all PLHIV included. Result: During the M12 appointment, 28 patients were registered, including 16 (57.1%) women. Nine (9) patients (45.0%) had an undetectable Viral Load (VL). The median VL value was 3.18 log10 RNA copies/mL (1530 RNA copies/mL). The mutations K65R, T69P/N, K70R and M184V have been listed as mutations conferring resistance to Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. No mutations associated with Dolutegravir were observed at M12. Conclusion: After 12 months of AntiRetroViral Treatment based on Dolutegravir, half of the Patients on first-line ART are in a state of virological failure.

Contributions of the Measles Follow-Up Vaccination Campaign to Improving the Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 6 - 59 Months in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019

Background: In accordance with its measles elimination strategic plan 2012-2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) organized a follow-up vaccination campaign against measles from October to December 2019 in 26 provinces. This study aims to establish the contribution of this supplementary vaccination campaign to protecting children against measles. Methods: The survey was carried out in November 2020 among households of the DRC, according to the 2018 revised version of the World Health Organization’s stratified cluster sampling method, using multiple stage sampling. It targeted 280 children aged 6 - 59 months per stratum or province, with 10 children in each of the 28 selected clusters. Data collection using tablets with centralized and real-time data processing was preceded by enumeration to refine the household sampling frame. Clusters and households were selected by random draw. Data collected with CS Pro 7 software were analyzed with SPSS, Epi info 7 and Excel software to determine indicators and make before-after comparisons using the McNemar test, at a precision threshold of 5%. Results: Of the 8535 surveyed children, 89.5% were vaccinatedduring the follow-up campaign and 81.6% were vaccinated before. Only 3.7% had correctly completed campaign vaccination cards. Estimated vaccination coverage increased from 80.8% before the campaign to 92.6% after the campaign (p 0.001). Vaccination coverage after campaign against measles improved in all provinces (p < 0.001) except Bas-Uele and Maniema. Thirteen provinces reached the national coverage target of 95%, compared to five before the campaign. The proportion of zero-dose children dropped significantly after this campaign from 19.2% to 7.4% (p 0.001), and even fell below 1% in six provinces. Conclusion: This measles vaccination campaign improved overall vaccination coverage by 10% and reached more unvaccinated children. Efforts must continue to improve the retention of vaccination card, the adherence of unvaccinated children and the effectiveness of routine vaccination.

Quantum Atmospheric Biophysics: A Comparison of Four Weather Stations in India on Average Monthly Temperatures Since 1892 and Forecasts to 2150

The identification method revealed asymmetric wavelets of dynamics, as fractal quanta of the behavior of the surface air layer at a height of 2 m, according to the average monthly temperature at four weather stations in India (Srinagar, Jolhpur, New Delhi and Guvahati). For Srinagar station, the maximum for all years is observed in July, for Jolhpur and New Delhi stations it shifts to June, and for Guvahati it shifts to August. With a high correlation coefficient of 0.9659, 0.8640 and 0.8687, a three-factor model of the form was obtained. The altitude, longitude and latitude of the station are given sequentially. The hottest month for Srinagar over a period of 130 years is in July. At the same time, the temperature increased from 23.4 °C to 24.2 °C (by 3.31%). A noticeable decrease in the intensity of heat flows in June occurred at Jolhpur (over 125 years, a decrease from 36.2 °C to 33.3 °C, or by 8.71%) and New Delhi (over 90 years, a decrease from 35.1 °C to 32.4 °C, or by 7.69%). For almost 120 years, Guvahati has experienced complex climate changes: In 1902, the hottest month was July, but in 2021 it has shifted to August. The increase in temperature at various stations is considered. At Srinagar station in 2021, compared to 1892, temperatures increased in June, September and October. Guvahati has a 120-year increase in December, January, March and April. Temperatures have risen in February, March and April at Jolhpur in 125 years, but have risen in February and March at New Delhi Station in 90 years. Despite the presence of tropical evergreen forests, the area around Guvahati Station is expected to experience strong warming.

不同品牌红外耳温计在儿童患者中的临床应用差异性研究

目的:探讨不同品牌红外耳温计在儿童患者中的临床应用差异性,以指导合理使用红外耳温计。方法:随机选取2023年5月至2023年7月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院接受治疗的164例住院及门诊患儿,采用进口(品牌A)、国产(品牌B)和合资(品牌C)3种不同品牌的红外耳温计,以同样的测量方式测量患儿耳温,比较不同品牌耳温计在不同年龄段患儿中测量的温度和时间的差异性。结果:测量温度上,A测量为(37.54±0.931)℃,B为(37.219±0.952)℃,C为(37.329±0.961)℃;测量时间上,A测量时间为(2.34±0.236)s,B为(1.314±0.269)s,C为(2.051±0.173)s。3种耳温计测量温度及时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.007,264.988,P<0.05)。且3种耳温计测量≤3个月龄患儿的温度,差异有统计学意义(F=3.868,P<0.05);在3月龄以上患儿中无差异。结论:针对不同的年龄段患儿,医疗机构可依据使用成本高低、测量时间快慢等因素综合考虑进行选择。对3个月以上年龄段患儿,选择成本更低、测量时间更快的品牌B红外耳温计;对0~3月龄患儿,建议选择温度测量值更为准确的品牌A红外耳温计。

仪式表演和公共情感——《礼记·月令》与中国早期的感物经验

在月令图式中,四时物候的更迭是一个程序,诸多文本均具有这样的叙述结构。从四季兴替的自然时间到仪式表演,显示出月令图式影响到社会行为。从祭祀仪式的意义看,感物的发生逻辑在于天时引发阴阳二气之动,促成自然物变,引发人心之感,形成感通互动的境域。在此一语境中,祭祀物色与所处季节直接相关,祭物参与仪式展演,成为意义的生成方式。月令图式是祭祀仪式的根据,这一图式展现出物候、农事和政令的协调。因而,感物与礼制场景直接相关,感物应物候之变,感人循礼制之限。在早期文本中,物不仅是外物,更是祭祀之物;情不仅是私人情感,也是公共情感。通过情实现群体的共鸣,是仪式表演的抒情策略,它最终指向家庭、族群和社会,在更高层面实现它们之间的协调。因此,在礼制背景中,所谓中国文学抒情性,其早期形态并非指向个人情感,而是指向公共情感。

论何休日月时例中的详与略

《公羊》学者何休从详与略的角度对《春秋》的日月时例作了大量的阐发。何休基于二元对立的思维,对日、月、时这三个要素作两两对待,即日、月相对,日为详,月为略;月、时相对,月为详,时为略。何休从日月时的详略轻重出发,阐发蕴含其中的褒贬大义,但何休并没有采取二元对立的思维来阐明褒贬,即并不是详书日月以示褒,略书就意味着贬;其实有很多情况,日月时的详略表明的是褒、贬程度的浅深。也正因为日月时的详略在意义的阐发上具有程度上的深浅轻重等的变化关系,因此能很好地与其三世进化说相结合,从而具有王道进化的意义。而随着三世的演进,王道的逐渐实现,日月时的详略轻重的差异渐趋消弥,从而完成了它的王道进化的使命。

当世谁知冷宦贤--汪曰桢治学成就述评

湖州籍晚清著名学者汪曰桢学问广博,一生著作等身。天算农医四个中国传统科技分支,他均有程度不等的贡献。其中,尤以方志纂修和历史年代学的成就最为显要,得到当世和后世学者的高度认可。

粤东地区2019~2022年儿童呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的分析粤东地区2019~2022年儿童呼吸道感染病原学分布情况,为临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法收集2019年5月~2022年10月期间咽拭子标本(来源均为急性呼吸道感染至汕头市中心医院就诊患儿)3052份,提取病原体核酸,应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术进行扩增后,进行15种(型)常见呼吸道病原体的筛查,将其分为单纯DNA病毒组、单纯RNA病毒组、单纯细菌组、单纯肺炎支原体组、混合DNA和RNA病毒组、混合病毒和细菌组、混合肺炎支原体和病毒或细菌组。分析儿童呼吸道感染病原学检测结果、各组的性别构成情况,比较各年龄段儿童呼吸道病原体检测阳性情况、月份分布情况。结果呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子标本3052份,其中阳性2714份,阴性338份,呼吸道感染阳性患儿的性别比例、年龄分布、疾病类型、月份分布和就诊时体温与呼吸道感染阴性患儿有统计学差异(P<0.05)。2714例呼吸道感染阳性患儿中,检出率最高的为巨细胞病毒759例,检出率为28.0%。2714例呼吸道感染患儿中,男性1643例(60.5%),女性1071例(39.5%)。同一病原体的男性发病率明显高于女性。单纯肺炎支原体感染发病率随年龄增长逐渐增加;单纯DNA病毒、单纯RNA病毒、单纯细菌、混合DNA和RNA病毒、混合病毒和细菌发病率随年龄增长逐渐降低。单纯DNA病毒组、单纯RNA病毒组、单纯肺炎支原体组、混合DNA和RNA病毒组、混合肺炎支原体和病毒或细菌组7~9月发病率最高,分别为45.3%、40.7%、46.9%、43.9%、47.4%,单纯细菌组、混合病毒和细菌组4~6月发病率最高,分别为29.3%、29.3%。结论粤东地区儿童急性呼吸道感染以巨细胞病毒为主;发病率男性均比女性高;单纯肺炎支原体感染发病率随年龄增长逐渐增加,单纯DNA病毒、单纯RNA病毒、单纯细菌、混合DNA和RNA病毒、混合病毒和细菌发病率随年龄增长逐渐降低;7~9月呼吸道感染首先应警惕病毒和肺炎支原体感染,如果7~9月呼吸道感染考虑存在细菌感染,应警惕混合病毒或肺炎支原体感染可能。

皮质骨微观能量释放率与大鼠月龄关系

目的预测大鼠股骨皮质骨微观能量释放率,探究微观能量释放率随大鼠月龄的变化关系。方法依托前期实验数据,结合皮质骨断裂模拟数值方法,对比仿真与实验测得载荷-位移曲线及断裂模式,反演预测不同月龄大鼠股骨皮质骨的微观能量释放率。结果经预测得到1、3、5、7、9、11、15月龄大鼠股骨皮质骨微观能量释放率分别处于0.08~0.12、0.12~0.14、0.15~0.19、0.25~0.28、0.23~0.25、0.19~0.22、0.13~0.16 N/mm。结论微观能量释放率随月龄增长而下降导致失效载荷降低,说明微观能量释放率是决定骨折发生的主要因素之一,但断裂时刻却未观察到明显下降,说明微观能量释放率与结构断裂时刻未呈线性正比关系。研究结果能够从临床层面协助解释皮质骨的骨折发生机制。

基于M-SD-GWO-SVRWL叶绿素a浓度反演研究

为了解乌梁素海水质状况,提出一种基于月份特征(M)融合灰狼算法(GWO)优化支持向量回归(SVR)的叶绿素a浓度反演模型。以Sentinel-2遥感影像为数据源,首先考虑研究区域存在的时空特征,提出将月份作为叶绿素a浓度的特征数据输入,通过归一化(N)和二阶导数(SD)方法对数据进行预处理,建立起M-SD-GWO-SVR的叶绿素a浓度反演模型,该模型决定系数(R^(2))为0.932,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.046。仿真结果表明,所提模型反演效果优于GA-SVR、PSO-SVR,并且引入月份特征数据时,有效降低了模型复杂度,提高了模型反演精度,验证了所提模型对乌梁素海叶绿素a浓度反演的可行性。

内蒙古地区规模化奶牛场主要疾病发生规律分析

为阐明奶牛疾病随月份的发生规律,收集了内蒙古41个规模化牧场18万头次青年牛、成母牛的疾病发病率、治愈率数据,把月份作为自变量,牧场作为重复,进行统计分析。结果表明:青年牛、成母牛的发病率和治愈率,以及产后真胃移位发病率均不受月份的影响(P>0.05);乳房炎、胎衣不下和酮病发病率随月份变化显著,发病率在夏季较高、春季较低(P<0.05);蹄病发病率随月份变化显著,发病率在秋季最高、春季最低(P<0.05);产后瘫痪发病率随月份变化显著,发病率在冬季最高,其他季节较低(P<0.05)。综合上述结果,奶牛疾病发病率随月份有明显变化,牧场应建立主要疾病的季节性防控机制,制定完备的冷热应激预防措施和管理措施,针对性降低疾病发生率。

种公猪精液品质及其影响因素研究

[目的]通过对公猪站种公猪全年精液品质的参数分析,探究种公猪精液品质的影响因素,以期为精液高效生产提供理论依据。[方法]收集公猪站2020年全年的精液品质数据,并分析月份、季节、品种以及采精间隔对精液品质的影响。[结果]精液体积4—7月较小,10—12月较大;精子密度和精子活力1—4月较低,5—12月较高,其中10—12月份种公猪的精液品质最好。春季的精液体积、精子密度及精子活力均最低,整体上显示为秋冬季优于春夏季。就不同品种而言,长白猪的精液体积和精子密度均优于大白猪和杜洛克猪,大白猪的精子活力优于长白猪和杜洛克猪。[结论]长白猪的精液品质最好,杜洛克猪的精液品质最差。采精间隔也会对精液品质产生较大影响,采精间隔为4~7 d时精液品质最佳。