Mothers’ Knowledge of Health Caring for Premature Infants after Discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: Preterm labor is one of the most public health problems related to neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Poor knowledge among mothers about the care requirements of a preterm neonate is immediate cause for post-discharge medical problems in premature and neonates readmission to NICU. Hence, this study aims to evaluate mothers’ knowledge of caring for premature infants post-discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Gaza strip. Methods: A Quantitative-based cross-sectional designs study was used to survey 120 mothers of preterm neonates at the time of preterm neonates discharge by face-to-face interview at Al-Shifa medical complex and Nasser hospital between February and June 2018. Results: The results showed that only about 58.4% of mothers of premature babies had good knowledge about health care needed for premature infants after discharge from NICU. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the level of knowledge and mother’s sociodemographic characteristics (P-values > 0.05). Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge of premature infants care was not at the optimal level, which might put the newborns at risk. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity of thoughtful exchange of health information between team members and mothers and establishing pre- and post-discharge plans with mothers to start their healthy transition of preterm neonate to home and to ameliorate family concerns.

Safe and effective sofosbuvir-based therapy in patients with mental health disease on hepatitis C virus treatment

AIMTo study impact of baseline mental health disease on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment; and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) changes with sofosbuvir- and interferon-based therapy. METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of participants from 5 studies enrolled from single center trials conducted at the Clinical Research Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. All participants were adults with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection and naïve to HCV therapy. Two of the studies included HCV mono-infected participants only (SPARE, SYNERGY-A), and 3 included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV co-infected participants only (ERADICATE, PFINPK, and ALBIN). Patients were treated for HCV with 3 different regimens: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in the SPARE trial, ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in SYNERGY-A and ERADICATE trials, and pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin for 48 wk in the PIFNPK and ALBIN trials. Participants with baseline mental health disease (MHD) were identified (defined as either a DSM IV diagnosis of major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder or requiring anti-depressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers or psychotropics prescribed by a psychiatrist). For our first aim, we compared sustained virologic response (SVR) and adherence (pill counts, study visits, and in 25 patients, blood levels of the sofosbuvir metabolite, GS-331007) within each study. For our second aim, only patients with HIV coinfection were evaluated. BDI scores were obtained pre-treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment among participants treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, and compared to scores from participants treated with interferon-based therapy. Statistical differences for both aims were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact, and t-test with significance defined as a P value less than 0.05. RESULTSBaseline characteristics did not differ significantly between all participants with and without MHD groups treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy. Among patients treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, the percentage of patients with MHD who achieved SVR was the same as those without (SPARE: 60.9% of those MHD compared to 67.6% in those without, P = 0.78; SYNERGY-A: 100% of both groups; ERADICATE: 100% compared to 97.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in pill counts, adherence to study visits between groups, nor mean serum concentrations of GS-331007 for each group at week 2 of treatment (P = 0.72). Among patients with HIV co-infection, pre-treatment BDI scores were similar among patients treated with sofosbuvir, and those treated with interferon (sofosbuvir-based 5.24, IFN-based 6.96; P = 0.14); however, a dichotomous effect on was observed during treatment. Among participants treated with directly acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy, mean BDI scores decreased from 5.24 (pre-treatment) to 3.28 during treatment (1.96 decrease, P = 0.0034) and 2.82 post-treatment. The decrease in mean score from pre- to post-treatment was statistically significant (-2.42, P = 0.0012). Among participants treated with IFN-based therapy, mean BDI score increased from 6.96 at pre-treatment to 9.19 during treatment (an increase of 2.46 points, P = 0.1), and then decreased back to baseline post-treatment (mean BDI score 6.3, P = 0.54). Overall change in mean BDI scores from pre-treatment to during treatment among participants treated with DAA-based and IFN-therapy was statistically significant (-1.96 and +2.23, respectively; P = 0.0032). This change remained statistically significant when analysis was restricted to participants who achieved SVR (-2.0 and +4.36, respectively; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONSofosbuvir-based therapy is safe and well tolerated in patients with MHD. A decline in BDI associated with sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment suggests additional MHD benefits, although the duration of these effects is unknown.

基于C/S结构的学生心理健康信息采集管理系统

为解决采集学生心理健康信息时采集时间较长、处理效率较低、成本耗费较大等问题,以C/S结构为基本框架,设计出一种学生心理健康信息采集管理系统。硬件设计方面,通过网络实现客户机与服务器间通信,利用前端客户机与后台数据库服务器,组建系统总体框架;通过多个处理模块,整合、导出学生的心理健康信息,完成信息采集子系统架构。软件设计方面,基于数据存储的安全算法,实现信息的加解密操作。实验结果表明,所建系统功能较为全面,具有可靠性、有效性。

Mental health around retirement:evidence of Ashenfelter’s dip

Background Mental health issues among retirees have become increasingly concerning because the aging population presents a significant challenge globally,particularly in Western countries.Previous studies on this issue are plagued with bias owing to lacking panel data and estimation strategies.This study investigated the depression levels of European adults around the time of retirement.Methods We used data obtained from Waves 1-7 of the Survey of Health,Ageing,and Retirement in Europe(SHARE)to create panel data covering the 2004-2017 period.Wave 3(SHARELIFE)was excluded from the sample because it provided mismatched information.Fixed-effects(FE)and fixed-effects instrumental variables(FE-IV)models with multiple imputations were employed to examine the impacts of retirement on mental health before and after retirement,where being over pension age(normal and early)was used as the instrument variable.Results Our results indicated that retirement based on aspirational motivations(β=−0.115,p<0.001)and positive circumstances(β=−0.038,p<0.001)significantly reduced depression,whereas retiring under negative circumstances could deteriorate one’s mental health(β=0.087,p<0.001).FE and FE-IV models indicated that overall,retiring reduced retirees’depression(β=−0.096,p<0.001 andβ=−0.261,p<0.001,respectively).The results of FE-IV models showed that adults planning to retire in the next two years experienced less depression compared with others in the workforce(λ=−0.313,p<0.01).These adults must have adjusted their lifestyles in response to their impending retirement,thereby evincing Ashenfelter’s dip.Two years after retirement,when the“honeymoon”phase was over,retirees may have completely adapted to their new lives and the effect of retirement was no longer important.Conclusions Retirement improves mental health before it happens,but not after.Increasing the pension eligibility age may postpone the beneficial effects of retirement on health.However,policy implications should be tailored according to the unique situations of each country,job sector,and population.Providing flexible schemes regarding retirement timing decisions would be better than a generalized retirement policy.

炎症因子与母亲童年期不良经历和儿童青少年心理行为问题的关联性研究进展

童年期不良经历(ACEs)不仅直接损害个体躯体和心理健康,还可能通过代际传递对子代心理行为造成不良影响。近年来,代际健康影响的生物学机制得到广泛关注,其中,炎症因子的作用成为研究热点。本文对炎症因子、母亲ACEs和儿童青少年心理行为问题两两关联,以及炎症因子在母亲ACEs对其子代的儿童青少年期心理行为问题影响作用的研究进展进行综述,旨在探讨母亲ACEs代际影响的生物学基础,为儿童青少年心理行为问题的防控提供参考。

Bell's面瘫对患者的心理影响及其心理健康状况

目的探讨Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动的影响及发病早期患者的心理健康状况。方法采用自编面瘫对患者形象、情绪及社会活动影响的调查问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对63例首次发病的Bell's面瘫患者进行调查。统计分析采用t检验及相关分析。结果Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动均有明显影响。Bell's面瘫患者SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子分均高于全国成人常模,其SCL-90总分与自编面瘫影响问卷各条目得分均存在统计学相关关系。结论Bell's面瘫给首次发病患者带来不良心理影响,他们存在广泛的心身症状,这些不良影响与其心身症状有关。

幼儿心理健康与母亲消极情绪和母子依恋的关系

目的:调查幼儿心理健康与母亲消极情绪、母子依恋间的关联。方法:选取8所幼儿园591名幼儿的母亲,使用学前儿童心理健康测评量表(家长版)(PMHS)评估幼儿心理健康、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估母亲消极情绪、母亲客体关系量表(MORS)评估母子依恋。结果:母亲SDS、SAS得分与幼儿PMHS总分及各维度得分均呈正相关(r=0.69~0.93,均P<0.001);母亲SDS、SAS得分均与幼儿PMHS总分正向关联(β=0.38、0.52);母亲SAS得分×MORS得分与幼儿PMHS总分负向关联(β=-0.12)。结论:幼儿心理健康与母亲消极情绪、母子依恋存在关联。

基于SCL-90的大学新生心理健康状况研究

为了探讨90后大学新生的心理健康状况,本研究采用SCL-90(症状自评量表)对某所地方院校的1489名新生进行集体施测。研究结果表明:本研究中的90后新生整体的心理健康水平要低于全国常模的心理健康水平;男生的整体心理健康水平显著高于女生;独生子女高于非独生子女;城镇新生要显著高于来自农村的新生。应积极开展对大学新生的心理健康教育,建立新生心理健康档案,对于存在严重问题的学生提供个案辅导,努力提高90后大学生的心理健康水平。

基于B/S架构的高职心理健康教育与咨询管理系统设计

随着我国网络通信技术与计算机技术的不断发展,高职院校基于网络和计算机技术所开发的各种信息管理系统给学生们的日常生活带来了许多便利。借助校内信息管理系统,学生们可以自主获取自己所需要的信息和服务,进而提高学习效率。因此,本文从高职学生心理健康教育的角度出发专门设计了一套心理健康教育与咨询管理系统,旨在进一步提升高职院校的心理健康教育水平与高职学生的综合素质。

Why Quakerism Is More Scientific Than Einstein

NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.

母亲外出与农村儿童健康——来自CFPS数据的证据

[目的/意义]在中国劳动力流动的大背景下,农村妇女外出导致的女性育儿功能弱化问题在我国农村地区已经凸现,母亲外出对农村地区的儿童健康影响如何是本文关注的核心问题。[方法/过程]利用2014年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,讨论与检验了中国农村地区母亲外出与儿童健康状况之间的关系。[结果/结论]研究发现,母亲外出对农村儿童的年龄别身高(HAZ)及年龄别体重(WAZ)等营养健康指标均有显著的负向影响,且对学龄前儿童以及男童的影响更大。在心理健康方面,母亲外出将导致儿童的抑郁程度上升,且女童所受到的心理健康冲击明显高于男童。此外,本文还发现,农村家庭育儿数量的增加不利于儿童营养健康,而提高父母的受教育程度将在一定程度上改善儿童的营养和心理健康。因此,为更好地保证农村地区的儿童健康状况,需要为农村女性提供更多的当地就业机会,提高儿童照料替代品的可获得性,以及引导生育观念转变,减少男孩偏好。

B/S模式下心理预警系统的实现

该文对B/S模式下心理预警系统的构建过程进行了分析。系统基于B/S模式,集在线测评、学习、宣传、管理于一体,实现了无纸化的心理学问卷调查,并能准确地计算测试结果。该系统运用了ASP.NET、SQL Server 2005数据库、网页设计等计算机技术,将心理学研究成果赋予实体,具有较强的先进性和可扩展性。

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mother-Infant Bond: A Systematic Review

Background: The healthy bond that develops prenatally between the mother and her infant is important for the neuropsychological development and development of the child. In stressful situations and mental disorders, the development of this bond is inhibited. With this study, an attempt is made to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected the development of the mother-infant bond. Methods: We have searched in the databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, from July to October 2023 and we have found 18 related articles. Results: Most studies supported a lower mother-infant attachment during the pandemic period. We also found increased rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety and post-traumatic stress during the pandemic. Conclusions: The period of the pandemic and the psychological factors were the right conditions for the reduced development of the mother-infant bond. In epidemiological outbreaks, the mental health of the mother and her relationship with the infant should be a priority for perinatal care professionals.

Monkey's Best Friend——A mother's social skills may affect her child's health

美国三位科学家通过对几头狒狒的“追踪”调查发现,母狒狒的社交技能居然可能会影响到其后代的健康状况。“社会关系”良好的母狒狒后代的生存发展似乎要远远好于“猴际”关系较差的母狒狒的后代。尽管原因尚无定论,但人类,尤其是对子女的成长关注程度极高的国人似乎可以从中得到一点启迪。

母婴分离影响母亲心理健康状况的研究简述

近年来,关于母婴分离的研究成为了国内外学者关注的热点。母婴分离会导致母亲产生焦虑、抑郁等负性心理,而这些负性心理的出现又与母亲的人格、职业状况和妊娠期状况等中介变量密切相关。母婴分离所导致母亲的心理问题有其特有的发展进程。目前,国外学者已编制出《母婴分离焦虑量表》、《爱丁堡产后抑郁量表》等测试工具用于评估母婴分离对母亲心理健康状况的影响,对临床和公共卫生有着指导作用。

高中生的安全感及其相关因素

目的 :了解高中生的安全感状况。方法 :采用自编安全感量表对 5 45名高二学生进行调查。结果 :安全感及其两个因子在是否独生这一变量上差异达到统计学显著水平 (F =2 66,2 67,2 13 ,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,独生子女的安全感高于非独生子女。来自城乡不同家庭的子女其总体安全感和确定控制感没有显著的差异 ,但在人际安全这一因子上 ,城市子女的安全感高于农村的子女 (F =2 0 9,P <0 0 5 )。在人际安全因子上 ,父母是否离异与性别之间存在交互作用 (F =4 176,P <0 0 5 ) ,而其它的影响变量间没有交互作用。在确定控制因子和总体的安全感方面 ,各变量间的交互作用均不显著。结论 :高中生安全感受到独生与否、城乡差异、父母离异和性别等因素的影响。

幼儿母亲育儿压力的特点及其与婚姻质量的关系

目的:考察幼儿母亲育儿压力的特点及其与婚姻质量间的关系,为改善婚姻质量,提高养育成效提供依据。方法:采用育儿压力问卷和婚姻质量问卷,对在北京市4所普通幼儿园中随机抽取的535名幼儿的母亲进行调查并做出统计分析。结果:2岁儿童的母亲由于儿童适应问题所引起的压力感明显高于5岁儿童的母亲;不同教育水平的母亲育儿压力存在显著差异;婚姻质量对母亲育儿压力的不同侧面影响不同,对母亲侧面影响更明显。结论:孩子年龄不同、受教育水平不同的母亲育儿压力存在显著差异;不同婚姻质量组母亲育儿压力存在显著差异。

青藏铁路现场管理人员血氧饱和度、睡眠质量及心理健康状况调查

目的 :探讨青藏铁路现场管理人员的血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )、睡眠质量、心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法 :采用随机整群抽样 ,应用Dash2 0 0 0型生理多参数监护仪、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)问卷和症状自评量表 (SCL -90 ) ,对青藏铁路现场管理人员 117人进行现场测评 ,并与重庆地区铁路工程现场管理人员 90人比较。结果 :青藏铁路现场管理人员收缩压、舒张压较高 ,SaO2 较低 ,PSQI总分及习惯性睡眠效率、使用睡眠药物两因子分及SCL -90总分及各因子得分较高 ,与非住藏铁路现场管理人员比较均有统计学差异。多因素分析结果显示白天功能紊乱、睡眠紊乱、睡眠持续性和年龄是影响受试心理健康水平的相关因素。结论 :青藏铁路现场管理人员心理健康水平和睡眠状况明显差于非住藏铁路工程管理人员 ,睡眠是影响心理健康的重要因素。

356名医学生的父母教养方式与其心理健康关系的研究

目的 探讨父母教养方式与医学生心理健康之间的关系 ,为家庭教育提供指导。方法 应用EMBU与SCL - 90结合表 ,对某校 35 6名医学生进行父母教养方式和心理健康调查。结果 男女生的父亲惩罚严厉及偏爱被试差异有显著性 ;独生与非独生子女的父母情感温暖、惩罚严厉、过干涉过保护因子及母亲拒绝否认差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。父亲情感温暖与SCL - 90得分呈负相关性 ,父亲过度保护、母亲惩罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认与SCL - 90得分呈正相关性。结论 父母教养方式与子女心理健康之间存在密切关系 ,不良的教养方式可增加子女心理卫生问题发生的可能性。

740例农民工随迁子女心理健康状况分析

目的探讨重庆市农民工随迁子女的心理健康状况及其相关因素。方法抽取该市指定招收进城务工农民子女的3所中学中7、8、9年级学生共740名,其中包括399名农民工随迁子女和341名主城区户籍学生。运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、和自制的一般情况调查表进行调查。结果农民工随迁子女SCL-90各因子分与主城区户籍学生差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论重庆市农民工随迁子女心理健康状况较好,但仍存在一些问题,需进一步研究探索系统的心理干预方式,维护其身心健康。