Formulation of Motor Oil from Blends of Rubber Latex Cup Bottom Oil (RLBO) and Used Frying Oil (UFO)

Most motor oils are made from mineral oils derived from petroleum, the reserves of which are limited and exhaustible. The aim of this study is to produce and characterize motor oil formulations based on mixtures of rubber latex cup bottom oil (RLCBO) and used frying oil (UFO). The results show that these formulations have a density between 0.91 and 0.92. These densities evolve linearly with the proportion of cup bottom oil and temperature. Similarly, the kinematic viscosity of the blends follows an exponential relationship with temperature. By plotting the logarithm of these kinematic viscosities against the inverse of the temperature, we were able to determine the activation energy of the various blends and deduce that the formulations behave Newtonian.

Preparation of tungsten disulfide motor oil and its tribological characteristics

Through using mineral oil and synthetic oil to deploy the semisynthesis base oil, modifying the surfaces of ultrafine tungsten disulfide grains by surface chemical embellishment and adsorption embellishment to make them suspended steadily in the base oil as solid lubricating additive, and adding some function additives, the tungsten disulfide motor oil was prepared. The tribological characteristics of this kind motor oil and the well-known motor oils in our country and overseas were studied. The results show that the oil film strength of this kind of motor oil is respectively 1.06 and 1.38 times of that of shell helix ultra motor oil and great wall motor oil, and its sintering load is 1.75 and 2.33 times of that of them, and when tested under 392 N, 1 450 r/rain and 30 min, the friction coefficients of friction pairs lubricated by the tungsten disulfide motor oil decrease with the increase of time, meanwhile, the diameter of worn spot is small, and the surface of worn spot is smooth, and no obvious furrows appear. The experiments indicate that the tungsten disulfide motor oil has the better antiwear, antifriction and extreme pressure properties than the well-known motor oils.

Voltammetric Identification of Motor Oils Using Electronic Tongue on Carbon-Paste Electrode Basis

Viscous organic liquids are common products which are used in human life. The motor oils used to lubricate the moving parts of internal combustion engines present an important group of these substances. Timeous monitoring of motor oil quality allows providing durability of engine. For this purpose the problem of designing of express sensor devices for identification of motor oils and other viscous organic liquids using inexpensive voltammetric methods of analysis is solved. In this paper, the results of motor oils identification using electronic tongue on the carbon-paste electrode basis with motor oils as a binder have been presented. The possibility of univocal identification of individual samples of motor oils has been shown.

Motor oil condition evaluation based on on-board diagnostic system

The condition of the motor oil in civilian cars is difficult to monitor;hence,we propose a method to evaluate the degree of degradation of motor oil using an on‐board diagnostic(OBD)system.Three civilian cars and four motor oils(containing mineral oils and synthetic oils)were subjected to five groups of road tests under urban traffic and high‐way conditions.The operation information,oil service time,mileage,engine operation time,idle time of the engine,and number of start‐ups of the engine were obtained using the proposed OBD system.Physiochemical properties and changes in the components of motor oils during road tests were analyzed in laboratory.The theoretical model of the comprehensive indicators of driving parameters and oil properties were established.The proposed method was successfully applied to different cars,motor oils,and operating conditions in road tests.All the theoretical models had high accuracy and precision.Herein,we provide a method to monitor the oil condition with real‐time driving parameters and provide a reference for end users to change their motor oil reasonably.

Motor oil degradation during urban cycle road tests

Several civilian vehicles in China operate in urban traffic conditions and have their motor oil changed every 5,000 km.This study investigates the variations in oil properties after servicing at 5,000 km,based on systematic road tests(including a repeated test,a parallel test,and a new vehicle test).The physicochemical properties,changes in components,oxidation stability,detergent‐dispersant performance,and tribological properties of motor oils were analyzed.The results showed that the total acid number(TAN)of oils increased with the operation mileage,by up to 1.41 mgKOH/g.The total base number(TBN)decreased after the road tests were completed,and the decrease was less than 44.6%.The kinematic viscosity(KV)of most oils decreased initially and then stabilized in the middle stage,before starting to increase later in the experiment.The change in KV at 100℃was less than 15.96%.The oxidation onset temperature(OOT)of the oils diminished gradually with the operation mileage.All OOT values of the used oils were higher than 210℃.A spot test indicated that the used oils retained their detergentdispersant performance to an appropriate extent.The four‐ball wear scar diameters and friction coefficient of the used oils did not increase significantly after the road tests were completed.This study can serve as a reference for end‐users when changing motor oils.

Application of Biosurfactant from Candida sphaerica UCP 0995 in Removal of Petroleum Derivative from Soil and Sea Water

The biosurfactant produced by Candida sphaerica in a fermentor containing 5% vegetal oil refinery waste and 2.5% was tested in the removal of motor oil from soils and seawater. In kinetic assays, the isolated biosurfactant removed more than 86% of the motor oil adsorbed to clay, silty and sandy soils at the critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Static removal tests performed in glass columns demonstrated that the crude biosurfactant was able to remove 75% and 92% of the oil contained in clay and silty soil, respectively, whereas the isolated biosurfactant at its CMC removed 50% of the oil from sandy soil. In the washing of hydrophobic compound on a porous surface, the removal rate was 60%. The biosurfactant also proved to be efficient in detergency tests since the crude surfactant removed 41% of motor oil from contaminated cotton cloth. In tests carried out with seawater, the crude biosurfactant showed an oil spreading efficiency of 75% in both screening dispersion test and oil displacement efficiency methods. Regarding the swirling bottle test, the dispersion rate was 72% for the isolated biosurfactant at a concentration twice the CMC. The biosurfactant studied demonstrated potential for application as an adjuvant in biotechnological processes for environmental decontamination.

Design Optimization of an Oil-Air Catch Can Separation System

The Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system in a car engine is designed to lower the pressure in the crankcase, which otherwise could lead to oil leaks and seal damage. The rotation of crankshaft in the crankcase causes the churn up of oil which conducts to occurrence of oil droplets which in turn may end in the PCV exhaust air intended to be re-injected in the engine admission. The oil catch can (OCC) is a device designed to trap these oil droplets, allowing the air to escape from the crankcase with the lowest content of oil as possible and thus, reducing the generation and emission of extra pollutants during the combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The main purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of a typical OCC used in many commercial cars by varying the length of its inner tube and the relative position of the outlet from radial to tangential fitting to the can body. For this purpose, CFD parametric analysis is performed to compute a one-way coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian two-phase flow simulation of the engine oil droplets driven by the air flow stream running through the device. The study was performed using the finite volume method with second-order spatial discretization scheme on governing equations in the Solid Works-EFD CFD platform. The turbulence was modelled using the k-? model with wall functions. Numerical results have proved that maximum efficiency is obtained for the longest inner tube and the tangential position of the outlet;however, it is recommended further investigation to assess the potential erosion on the bottom of the can under such a design configuration.

内腔油冷机壳自然风冷驱动电机冷却性能研究

针对车辆驱动用高功率密度、大扭矩、小体积永磁同步电机的传统风冷结构有效散热面积小,以及运行时因存在电磁损耗而导致内部各部件温度过高的问题,提出了一种内腔油冷、机壳自然风冷的油风混合冷却方式,以满足驱动电机内部各部件的温度性能要求。采用等效热网络法计算了不同工况下驱动电机定子绕组、定子、永磁体和转子的温度,得到驱动电机的最高温度出现在定子绕组处。随后,通过实验对驱动电机定子绕组端部的温度进行了测量并与仿真结果进行对比,仿真结果与实测结果的相对误差均在5%以内。结果表明,不同工况下油风混合冷却驱动电机定子绕组及其余各部件的温度下降明显且均满足温度性能要求,说明油风混合冷却方式的散热性能良好,冷却效率高。研究结果可为车用驱动电机散热系统的研制提供参考。

泵/马达困油现象充分缓解的等排量大模数方法

为了充分缓解外啮合齿轮泵/马达困油现象,在确保产品输出能力不变的等排量前提下,分析模数对困油腔内的负荷流量、泄漏流量和卸荷流量的影响,提出了一种等排量大模数的设计方法,并基于这3种流量的瞬时平衡和同齿形参数、不同模数下卸荷面积的演绎计算,计算出困油压力并由此判断出困油现象的缓解程度。结果表明,对于给定的齿轮副和工况条件,等排量下的齿宽系数反比例于模数的3次方,模数越大,困油现象越趋于缓解,且径向力越小,但齿宽系数越小;同齿形参数、不同模数下的卸荷面积等于模数的平方乘基准模数为1下的卸荷面积,从而为同齿形参数、不同模数下的卸荷面积计算,提供了极大方便;卸荷槽外通的进出口压力互为颠倒,导致泵较马达的困油现象更严重,但等排量小模数马达同样也会出现较为严重的困油现象。得出了选择最大化/较大的模数应为泵/马达的设计准则的重要结论。

电动燃油泵驱动电机浸油冷却性能数值模拟

为了研究电动燃油泵驱动电机浸油冷却性能,基于冷却流体及电机各部件3维模型,充分考虑各部件发热功率以及材料属性等物理量的影响,采用有限体积法对电机流-热耦合场进行模拟仿真,分析不同边界条件对电机流场和温度场的影响。结果表明:在最大冷却燃油流量以及电机最高功率下,流道的压力损失和电机的最高温度均能满足电动燃油泵的运行要求;随着冷却流量增加或燃油粘度的增大,流道的压力损失增大,且在最大冷却流量下,燃油粘度每增大1 mm^(2)/s,压力损失增大约2 kPa;电机功率和入口温度对电机各部件温度的影响较大,各部件温升与燃油进口温度近似呈线性关系,而环境温度对电机温度场影响较小。研究结果为电动燃油泵电机浸油冷却流道的设计与优化提供了理论依据。

油冷电机用绝缘材料耐油可靠性研究

本文通过对油冷电机用浸渍树脂、漆包扁线、芳纶纸开展耐油可靠性研究,探索绝缘材料在高温条件下与自动变速箱油(ATF)长时间接触后的性能变化情况。结果表明:绝缘材料在耐油试验中受ATF中水分影响较大,水和空气促进ATF热氧老化产生的酸性物质会加速材料水解。在2000 h高温耐油试验后,两款浸渍树脂、漆包扁线D和两款芳纶纸耐油性优异,表现出良好的可靠性。

液电式馈能油气弹簧减振器力学特性仿真与研究

基于一种适用于特种车辆的液电式馈能油气弹簧减振器,通过理论分析建立其数学模型和MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型,并分析不同因素对其力学特性的影响规律。首先以流体力学理论和气体状态方程建立减振器粘性阻尼力模型,其次设计一套馈能电机控制电路,结合液压马达工作原理建立减振器电磁阻尼模型,最后分析外界激励频率、液压马达排量和占空比对减振器示功特性的影响。结果显示,减振器阻尼力随外界激励频率的增大而增大,且频率较大时阻尼力趋于过大;阻尼力随液压马达排量的增大而减小,且小排量时对阻尼力影响较大;阻尼力随占空比的增大而增大,但占空比较大时对阻尼力影响较小。

电机轴承润滑油膜电容计算与试验研究

为获得轴承运行条件下油膜的电容参数,基于有限元软件建立包含轴承内圈、滚动体、保持架、外圈、润滑脂的计算模型,分析轴承在运行条件下的电场分布,并计算轴承各导体的电荷量,求得多导体轴承系统的电容矩阵,从而求得在该条件下6016深沟球轴承的油膜电容为0.169 nF。根据轴承油膜电容产生的原理,搭建轴承油膜电容试验台,得到6016深沟球轴承油膜电容的测试值为0.194 nF,与其他计算方法相比,文中方法计算值与测试值误差最小,确认了该方法的准确性。

新能源汽车驱动电机绝缘系统油品兼容性评价方法

目前新能源汽车驱动电机研究的热点之一为油冷电机,由于油冷电机中变速箱油与电机直接接触,因此,要求电机绝缘材料要有优良的电学性能、热学性能外,还需要有较好的油品兼容性。文章调研了目前行业内主流的油品兼容性评定方法以及油品兼容性评定的主要影响因素,并对其评定方法及影响因素进行分析,选取其中两种方法对绝缘纸进行油品兼容性试验,通过对绝缘纸初始以及油品兼容性试验后拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及击穿电压等性能测试,分析不同评定方法对绝缘纸性能的影响,推断油品兼容性评定的关键加速因子。

玻璃工厂中间油站低压变频电机配电系统设计

以印度某压延玻璃项目中间油站低压变频电机配电系统设计为例,探讨如何依据国家标准规范设计满足玻璃厂生产使用要求的低压变频电机配电系统。

立式混流泵组电机漏油技术分析与应对微探

针对某立式混流泵组电机漏油严重、运行摆度大、振动大的问题,从电机设计、制造加工以及安装等方面制定了漏油预防与处理方案,通过改进电机设计结构、修复方式和安装工艺,圆满解决了上述问题。该方案贴合设备运行工况,能显著提升泵组运行的安全和稳定性,同时可为类似泵组电机漏油故障处理提供借鉴。

矿用卡车MT5500电动轮典型故障分析及检修工艺优化

介绍了MT5500矿用卡车电动轮装配工艺的改进和密封设计的优化,旨在解决牵引电机压盖螺栓断裂和漏油故障问题;通过调整装配工艺和改进密封设计,提高了电动轮的使用寿命,降低了配件更换频率和检修工时。应用表明:新工艺的应用不仅提高了卡车的出动率,还降低了维修的劳动强度。

基于进风优化的混合动力双电机油冷热管理系统研究

针对某款采用双电机油冷器冷却的串并联式混合动力汽车,设计一套动力热管理系统。综合三维和一维仿真方法建立热管理仿真模型进行进风量和油温仿真分析,并根据仿真结果进行优化设计。

永磁电机在采油平台潜油电泵机组上的应用

潜油电机是采油装置的核心,对生产井的效率和寿命有直接影响,但目前存在的潜油电机运行效率下降是稳产、增产的制约因素。为实现节能降耗,在海上采油平台的电潜泵设备中引入永磁电机。通过对比相同工况下异步电机和永磁电机的节能效果,提出存在问题与改进措施,指出永磁电机值得在油田系统中推广应用,以更好地减少能源消耗。