The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular ...The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.展开更多
【目的】通过免疫组化法实验观察PARP‐1和 HMGA2在乳腺癌不同分子分型中的表达，探讨其在乳腺癌中表达的意义及其与临床特点的相关性。【方法】采用免疫组化法检测240例乳腺癌术后肿瘤标本和60例乳腺良性肿瘤组织中PARP‐1与 HMGA2蛋...【目的】通过免疫组化法实验观察PARP‐1和 HMGA2在乳腺癌不同分子分型中的表达，探讨其在乳腺癌中表达的意义及其与临床特点的相关性。【方法】采用免疫组化法检测240例乳腺癌术后肿瘤标本和60例乳腺良性肿瘤组织中PARP‐1与 HMGA2蛋白的表达情况。分析 PARP‐1和 HMGA2在不同分子类型乳腺癌组织中的表达差异；分析两者在不同分子类型表达的相关性及其与原发肿瘤直径、腋窝淋巴结转移等病理特征相关性。【结果】在乳腺癌中 PARP‐1阳性表达率为65．4％显著高于癌旁组织中的22．4％；HMGA2阳性表达率为58．8％高于癌旁组织中的36．4％，PARP‐1及 HMGA2在乳腺癌各分子分型中的阳性表达与腋窝淋巴结转移情况具有相关性（ P ＜0．05），HMGA2的阳性表达在luminal A型及luminal B型中与原发肿瘤大小存在相关性（ P ＜0．05），而在 H ER‐2过表达型及三阴性乳腺癌中不存在相关性（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】PARP‐1与HMGA2在乳腺癌的浸润、转移过程中相互作用，是反映乳腺癌进展的生物学指标。PARP‐1与HMGA2高表达的患者易发生淋巴结转移，预后不良。展开更多
文摘The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.
文摘【目的】通过免疫组化法实验观察PARP‐1和 HMGA2在乳腺癌不同分子分型中的表达，探讨其在乳腺癌中表达的意义及其与临床特点的相关性。【方法】采用免疫组化法检测240例乳腺癌术后肿瘤标本和60例乳腺良性肿瘤组织中PARP‐1与 HMGA2蛋白的表达情况。分析 PARP‐1和 HMGA2在不同分子类型乳腺癌组织中的表达差异；分析两者在不同分子类型表达的相关性及其与原发肿瘤直径、腋窝淋巴结转移等病理特征相关性。【结果】在乳腺癌中 PARP‐1阳性表达率为65．4％显著高于癌旁组织中的22．4％；HMGA2阳性表达率为58．8％高于癌旁组织中的36．4％，PARP‐1及 HMGA2在乳腺癌各分子分型中的阳性表达与腋窝淋巴结转移情况具有相关性（ P ＜0．05），HMGA2的阳性表达在luminal A型及luminal B型中与原发肿瘤大小存在相关性（ P ＜0．05），而在 H ER‐2过表达型及三阴性乳腺癌中不存在相关性（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】PARP‐1与HMGA2在乳腺癌的浸润、转移过程中相互作用，是反映乳腺癌进展的生物学指标。PARP‐1与HMGA2高表达的患者易发生淋巴结转移，预后不良。
