Robust Radiometric Normalization of the near Equatorial Satellite Images Using Feature Extraction and Remote Sensing Analysis

Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has the ability to automatically extract control points (CPs) and is commonly used for remote sensing images. However, its results are mostly inaccurate and sometimes contain incorrect matching caused by generating a small number of false CP pairs. These CP pairs have high false alarm matching. This paper presents a modified method to improve the performance of SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in a different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite and multi-sensor images. The proposed method, which has a significantly high rate of correct matches, improves CP matching. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite a new near equatorial satellite system. The proposed method involves six steps: 1) data reduction, 2) applying the SIFT to automatically extract CPs, 3) refining CPs matching by using SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and 4) calculation of true CPs intensity values over all image’ bands, 5) preforming a linear regression model between the intensity values of CPs locate in reverence and sensed image’ bands, 6) Relative radiometric normalization conducting using regression transformation functions. Different thresholds have experimentally tested and used in conducting this study (50 and 70), by followed the proposed method, and it removed the false extracted SIFT CPs to be from 775, 1125, 883, 804, 883 and 681 false pairs to 342, 424, 547, 706, 547, and 469 corrected and matched pairs, respectively.

Prediction of Ground Vibration Induced by Rock Blasting Based on Optimized Support Vector Regression Models

Accurately estimating blasting vibration during rock blasting is the foundation of blasting vibration management.In this study,Tuna Swarm Optimization(TSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),and Cuckoo Search(CS)were used to optimize two hyperparameters in support vector regression(SVR).Based on these methods,three hybrid models to predict peak particle velocity(PPV)for bench blasting were developed.Eighty-eight samples were collected to establish the PPV database,eight initial blasting parameters were chosen as input parameters for the predictionmodel,and the PPV was the output parameter.As predictive performance evaluation indicators,the coefficient of determination(R2),rootmean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),and a10-index were selected.The normalizedmutual information value is then used to evaluate the impact of various input parameters on the PPV prediction outcomes.According to the research findings,TSO,WOA,and CS can all enhance the predictive performance of the SVR model.The TSO-SVR model provides the most accurate predictions.The performances of the optimized hybrid SVR models are superior to the unoptimized traditional prediction model.The maximum charge per delay impacts the PPV prediction value the most.

Structural Vector Description and Estimation of Normal Boiling Points for 66 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A molecular vector-type descriptor containing 6 variables is used to describe the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and relate to normal boiling points (bp) of AHs. The col relation coefficient (R) between the estimated bp and experimental bp is 0.9988 and the root mean square error (RMS) is 7.907 degreesC for 66 AHs. The RMS obtained by cross-validation is 9.131 degreesC, which implies the relationship model having good prediction ability.

Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.

A normalized wavefield separation cross-correlation imaging condition for reverse time migration based on Poynting vector

Prestack reverse time migration（PSTM） is a common imaging method; however low-frequency noises reduce the structural imaging precision. Thus, the suppression of migration noises must be considered. The generation mechanism of low-frequency noises is analyzed and the up-, down-, left-, and right-going waves are separated using the Poynting vector of the acoustic wave equation. The computational complexity and memory capacitance of the proposed method are far smaller than that required when using the conventional separation algorithm of 2D Fourier transform. The normalized wavefield separation crosscorrelation imaging condition is used to suppress low-frequency noises in reverse time migration and improve the imaging precision. Numerical experiments using the Marmousi model are performed and the results show that the up-, down-, left-, and right-going waves are well separated in the continuation of the wavefield using the Poynting vector. We compared the imaging results with the conventional method, Laplacian filtering, and wavefield separation with the 2D Fourier transform. The comparison shows that the migration noises are well suppressed using the normalized wavefield separation cross-correlation imaging condition and higher precision imaging results are obtained.

Position Group Contribution Method for Predicting the Normal Boiling Point of Organic Compounds

A new position group contribution model is proposed for the estimation of normal boiling data of organic compounds involving a carbon chain from C2 to C18.The characteristic of this method is the use of position distribution function.It could distinguish most of isomers that include cis-or trans-structure from organic compounds.Contributions for hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives containing oxygen,nitrogen,chlorine,bromine and sulfur,are given.Compared with the predictions,results made use of the most common existing group contribution methods,the overall average absolute difference of boiling point predictions of 417 organic compounds is 4.2 K;and the average absolute percent derivation is 1.0%,which is compared with 12.3 K and 3.2% with the method of Joback,12.1 K and 3.1% with the method of Constantinou-Gani.This new position contribution groups method is not only much more accurate but also has the advantages of simplicity and stability.

Active contours with normally generalized gradient vector flow external force

Gradient vector flow （GVF） is an effective external force for active contours, but its iso- tropic nature handicaps its performance. The recently proposed gradient vector flow in the normal direction （NGVF） is anisotropic since it only keeps the diffusion along the normal direction of the isophotes; however, it has difficulties forcing a snake into long, thin boundary indentations. In this paper, a novel external force for active contours called normally generalized gradient vector flow （NGGVF） is proposed, which generalizes the NGVF formulation to include two spatially varying weighting functions. Consequently, the proposed NGGVF snake is anisotropic and would improve ac- tive contour convergence into long, thin boundary indentations while maintaining other desirable properties of the NGVF snake, such as enlarged capture range, initialization insensitivity and good convergence at concavities. The advantages on synthetic and real images are demonstrated.

Point Transformations and Relationships among Linear Anomalous Diffusion, Normal Diffusion and the Central Limit Theorem

We present new connections among linear anomalous diffusion (AD), normal diffusion (ND) and the Central Limit Theorem (CLT). This is done by defining a point transformation to a new position variable, which we postulate to be Cartesian, motivated by considerations from super-symmetric quantum mechanics. Canonically quantizing in the new position and momentum variables according to Dirac gives rise to generalized negative semi-definite and self-adjoint Laplacian operators. These lead to new generalized Fourier transformations and associated probability distributions, which are form invariant under the corresponding transform. The new Laplacians also lead us to generalized diffusion equations, which imply a connection to the CLT. We show that the derived diffusion equations capture all of the Fractal and Non-Fractal Anomalous Diffusion equations of O’Shaughnessy and Procaccia. However, we also obtain new equations that cannot (so far as we can tell) be expressed as examples of the O’Shaughnessy and Procaccia equations. The results show, in part, that experimentally measuring the diffusion scaling law can determine the point transformation (for monomial point transformations). We also show that AD in the original, physical position is actually ND when viewed in terms of displacements in an appropriately transformed position variable. We illustrate the ideas both analytically and with a detailed computational example for a non-trivial choice of point transformation. Finally, we summarize our results.

INTERSECTION POINT RULE OF THE RETENTION VALUE AND NORMAL BOILING POINT OF THE HOMOLOGUES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

In this paper, a linear relationship between the logarithm of capacity factor k and normal boiling point to of the homologues has been derived, based on the basic retention equation of liquid chromatography according to statistical thermodyoamics proposed by professor Ln Peizhang and others, This equation has been verified by a large number of experimental data, all the strsight lines of lnk- of bumologues for different mobile phass coaiposltion cross each other at the same point, So the intereection point equation van proposed, wbich was used to prodict the retention valu, the result was satisfactory.

New Normal Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.

Mathematical model for computing precise local tie vectors for CMONOC co-located GNSS/VLBI/SLR stations

The seven co-located sites of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China（CMONOC） in Shanghai, Wuhan, Kunming, Beijing, Xi＇an, Changchun, and Urumqi are equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System（GNSS）, very long baseline interferometry（VLBI）, and satellite laser ranging（SLR） equipment. Co-location surveying of these sites was performed in 2012 and the accuracies of the solved tie vectors are approximately 5 mm.This paper proposes a mathematical model that handles the least squares adjustment of the 3D control network and calculates the tie vectors in one step, using all the available constraints in the adjustment. Using the new mathematical model, local tie vectors can be more precisely determined and their covariance more reasonably estimated.

Evaluation of the Performance of the GSSM Under Vibration Based on Normalized Point Source Sensitivity

Giant Steerable Science Mirror( GSSM) is the tertiary mirror of the Thirty Meter Telescope( TMT).To evaluate the performance of the GSSM under the mechanical vibration,the Normalized Point Source Sensitivity( PSSn) is used to understand and characterize the optical performance degradation. First and foremost,the definition of the PSSn is shown and the calculation procedure of the PSSn at the work condition where the telescope aberration is much smaller than seeing is presented to reveal the relationship between PSSn and seeing.Then,the optical degradation due to vibration is achieved by the two methods: one is the statistics moment for the arbitrary froms of vibration and other one is spectrum method for wind load. After the theoretical presence,the simulation is processed. The multi-axis-accelerometers are used to achieve the motion of the mirror. After integrated to displacement signal,the measured signal is applied to the mathematical model of the GSSM and the optical performance degradation under certain mechanical vibration can be achieved. The PSSN flows from 0.996 to 0.994 under some dynamic vibration. And then,the wind load is applied to the mathematical model using spectrum method with the PSSN flows from 0.996 to 0.991. This paper can help the system engineers to predict the performance of the GSSM in various work condition. What is more,PSSn is able to be combined just by simple multiplication,so the optical performance degradation can be easily co-considered with other error sources.

Normality Criteria of Meromorphic Functions Concerning Shared Fixed-points

In this paper, we study the normality criteria of meromorphic functions concerning shared fixed-points, we obtain: Let F be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain D. Let n, k ≥ 2 be two positive integers. For every f ∈ F, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least (nk+2)/(n-1). If f(f(k))nand g(g(k))nshare z in D for each pair of functions f and g, then F is normal.

PERIODIC POINTS AND NORMALITY CONCERNING MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS WITH MULTIPLICITY

In this article,two results concerning the periodic points and normality of meromorphic functions are obtained:(i)the exact lower bound for the numbers of periodic points of rational functions with multiple fixed points and zeros is proven by let ting R(z)be a nonpolynomial rational function,and if all zeros and poles of R(z)—z are multiple,then Rk(z)has at least k+1 fixed points in the complex plane for each integer k≥2;(ii)a complete solution to the problem of normality of meromorphic functions with periodic points is given by let ting F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D,and let ting k≥2 be a positive integer.If,for each f∈F,all zeros and poles of f(z)-z are multiple,and its iteration fk has at most k distinct fixed points in D,then F is normal in D.Examples show that all of the conditions are the best possible.

Complete solutions for elastic fields induced by point load vector in functionally graded material model with transverse isotropy

The paper develops and examines the complete solutions for the elastic field induced by the point load vector in a general functionally graded material(FGM)model with transverse isotropy.The FGMs are approximated with n-layered materials.Each of the n-layered materials is homogeneous and transversely isotropic.The complete solutions of the displacement and stress fields are explicitly expressed in the forms of fifteen classical Hankel transform integrals with ten kernel functions.The ten kernel functions are explicitly expressed in the forms of backward transfer matrices and have clear mathematical properties.The singular terms of the complete solutions are analytically isolated and expressed in exact closed forms in terms of elementary harmonic functions.Numerical results show that the computation of the complete solutions can be achieved with high accuracy and efficiency.

Local integrable differential systems and their normal forms

In this paper we first summarize our results published in recent years and their sketch proofs on local integrability,which are on the characterization of local integrability and on the existence of analytic normalization of analytically integrable differential systems. Then we present a new result on the equivalent characterization of the existence of the first integrals of an analytic differential systems near a nonhyperbolic singularity. Finally we pose some open problems on this subject.

The Representation of a Broadband Vector Field

Compared to a scalar pressure sensor, a vector sensor can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） signal and more detailed intbrmation on the sound field. Study on vector sensors and their applications have become a hot topic. Research on the representation of a vector field is highly relevant for extending the scope of vector sensor technology. This paper discusses the range-frequency distribution of the vector field due to a broadband acoustic source moving in a shallow-water waveguide as the self noise of a surface ship, and the vector extension of the waveguide impulse response measured over a limited frequency range using an active source of known waveform. From theory analysis and numerical simulation, the range-frequency representation of a vector field exhibits an interference structure qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding pressure field but, being quantitatively different, provides additional information on the waveguide, especially through the vertical component. For the range-frequency representation, physical quantities that can better exhibit the interference characteristics of the wavegaide are the products of pressure and particle velocity and of the pressure and pressure gradient. An image processing method to effectively detect and isolate the individual striations from an interference structure was reviewed briefly. The representation of the vector impulse response was discussed according to two different measurement systems, also known as particle velocity and pressure gradient. The vector impulse response representation can not only provide additional information from pressure only but even more than that of the range-frequency representation.

An Existence Theorem of Solutions for the System of Generalized Vector Quasi-Variational-Like Inequalities

In this paper, we introduce and study the system of generalized vector quasi-variational-like inequalities in Hausdorff topological vector spaces, which include the system of vector quasi-variational-like inequalities, the system of vector variational-like inequalities, the system of vector quasi-variational inequalities, and several other systems as special cases. Moreover, a number of C-diagonal quasiconvexity properties are proposed for set-valued maps, which are natural generalizations of the g-diagonal quasiconvexity for real functions. Together with an application of continuous selection and fixed-point theorems, these conditions enable us to prove unified existence results of solutions for the system of generalized vector quasi-variational-like inequalities. The results of this paper can be seen as extensions and generalizations of several known results in the literature.

THINKING ON THE ＂RENORMALIZATION＂ OF CHINA-JAPAN RELATIONS

Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the sidelines of the 25th Asia-Pacific Economic Coopera- tion （APEC） Economic Leaders＇ Meet- ing, which was held on Nov. 11th, 2017 in Vietnam. Xi pointed out that ＂this year marks the 45th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, and next year will mark the 40th anniversary of the signing of the China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship. The two sides should, bearing in mind the fundamen- tal interests of the two peoples, correctly grasp the general direction of peace,

Protocol for the management of oral surgery patients on warfarin utilizing a Point-of-Care In-Office international normalized ratio monitoring device

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the utility and safety of an In-Office INR Monitoring Device and present a safe and efficient protocol for the management of patients on oral anticoagulants and/or antithrombolytics requiring routine office oral and maxillofacial surgery. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients requiring “minor” oral and maxillofacial surgery being treated chronically with oral anticoagulation (warfarin) were entered into the study and compared in 2 groups. The control group (n = 29) was managed by discontinuing warfarin and any anti-platelet medication(s) prior to surgery. In the study group (n = 30), the decision to continue or withhold warfarin was determined by a protocol in which patients are 1) stratified based on risk for thromboembolism, and 2) classified as requiring “major” or “minor” surgery. Procedures categorized as “minor” surgery included dental extraction(s), dental implants, soft tissue and bone biopsies, and preprosthetic bone surgery, and incision and drainage. Warfarin and antiplatelet medication were not withheld in these patients, and a Point-of-Care In-Office INR Monitoring Device was used to obtain INR levels on the day of consultation and surgery. Local measures including removal of granulation tissue, packing, suturing, etc. were utilized for hemostasis. Results: The 30 patients in the study group maintained on warfarin readily achieved hemostasis using intraoperative local measures. The mean INR measured by the In-Office INR Monitoring Device was 2.36 with a range from 1.3 to 3.2. Study group patients underwent a total of 131 separate procedures including 108 dental extractions (impactions), placement of dental implants, preprosthetic bony surgery, bone cyst removal, soft tissue biopsies, facial skin cancer repair, and incision and drainage. One patient (3%) required “minor” intervention with removal of a “liver clot” on postop day 2 with repacking and suturing. The 29 patients in the control group discontinued off of war farin underwent a total of 99 procedures. One patient (3%) also required a “minor” intervention (repacking of extraction site). There were no “major” complications in either group. Conclusions: This study supports previous studies that minor oral surgery procedures can be safely performed while maintaining patients on warfarin minimizing the risk of a potentially devastating thromboembolic event. When deciding whether or not to withhold warfarin, this study supports the use of the proposed protocol based on 1) risk stratification for thromboembolism, 2) the need for “minor” versus “major” surgery, 3) and utilization of an In-Office INR Monitoring Device. An In-Office Point-of-Care INR measuring device can be a very effective tool to safely simplify and make the perioperative management of the anticoagulated patient more efficient for the patient and oral and maxillo facial surgeon.