Research progress of 24-hour movement behaviors in chronic non-communicable disease

Chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)represent a significant impediment to improve life expectancy and remain a focal point in global public health and disease prevention efforts.24-hour movement behaviors,which include sleep,sedentary behavior(SED),and physical activity,underscore the inherent connections between different daily activities and the comprehensive impact of overall movement patterns on health.Evidence suggested that modifying patterns of 24-hour movement behaviors can aid in preventing and attenuating the progression of NCDs.This study systematically delineated the concept,evolution,analytical methods,and intrinsic associations of 24-hour movement behaviors,emphasizing their pivotal role in the prevention and management of NCDs such as obesity,mental disorders,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and renal diseases.Future research endeavors should focus on refining methodologies,broadening study populations,developing research tools,and exploring precise intervention strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of NCDs prevention and management from a temporal perspective.Such efforts are poised to provide substantive guidance and support for public health practices.

Levels and correlates of 24-hour movement behaviors among South Koreans:Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys,2014 and 2015

Purpose.This study aimed to examine the levels and correlates of 24-h movement behaviors(i.e.,physical activity,sedentary time,and sleep),and different patterns of these behaviors in a nationally representative sample of South Koreans aged 12 years and older.This study also aimed to examine the sociodemographic correlates of 24?h movement behaviors stratified by age groups.Methods.Self-reported,repeated cross-sectional data from 10,708 participants in the 2014 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys were used.Key variables included moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,walking,active transportation,sedentary time,and sleep.Sociodemographic variables included age,sex,household income,area of residence,and education level.Descriptive statistics by sex and age as well as general linear models by age group were performed.Results.The proportions of individuals meeting the moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity,muscular strengthening exercises,and sleep guidelines were,respectively,21.6%,22.1%,and 32.5%in male youth;6.9%,4.5%,and 22.8%in female youth;55.5%,30.8%,and 54.0%in male adults;48.8%,14.4%,and 57.6%in female adults;44.0%,30.6%,and 45.5%in male older adults;and 29.5%,8.9%,and 37.3%in female older adults.The proportions of individuals showing the most ideal combinations of 24-h movement behaviors were only 3.2%in youth,0.4%in adults,and 0 in older adults.Universally,older age,female sex,or living in metro Seoul were associated with unfavorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors across different age groups.However,the associations of income and education with movement behaviors were mixed across age groups.Conclusion.Overall,the proportion of South Koreans with a healthy 24-h movement behavior pattern is low.The sociodemographic correlates of different types of 24-h movement behaviors should be considered when designing targeted interventions for the promotion of healthy active living for South Koreans.

Unidirectional movement behavior of underwater bubbles on the wettability gradient mesh via asymmetrical bounce

The impact of underwater bubbles on solid surfaces with a gradient wettability is important for fundamental science and technological applications. Despite progress in the translational motion of underwater bubbles on asymmetric surface, a fundamental dynamic understanding of asymmetrical bounce behavior of the underwater bubble needs to be further improved.Herein, we investigate asymmetrical bounce of underwater bubbles after impacting the wettability gradient copper mesh surface.Asymmetrical bounce of the underwater bubble on the wettability gradient mesh(WGM) surface is composed by asymmetrical spread in the spread process and asymmetrical recoil in the recoil process, which induce the unidirectional movement behavior.Additionally, effective bubble-size manipulation can be easily implemented due to different volumes of bubbles remaining at different locations of WGM surface. We envision that this work will provide a new understanding of asymmetrical bounce behavior of the underwater bubble on the wettability gradient surface, and propose a novel and feasible strategy for constructing the underwater bubble manipulation system.

Association between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Features of Chinese Emerging Adults

Background:Emerging adulthood is a pivotal life stage,presenting significant psychological and social changes,such as decreased sociability,depression,and other mental health problems.Previous studies have associated these changes with an unhealthy lifestyle.The 24-h movement guidelines for healthy lifestyles have been developed to promote appropriate health behaviors and improve individual wellness.However,the relationship between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and different characteristics of Chinese emerging adults is yet to be explored.This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and four characteristics(self-exploration,instability,possibilities,and responsibility)of Chinese emerging adults.Methods:Overall,1,510 Chinese emerging adults aged 18–29 years were included in this study.Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)and the inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the associations between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and each of the four characteristics.Results:The proportion of participants who adhered to the 24-h movement guidelines was 31.72%.Multiple regression analysis revealed a significantly negative relationship between adhering to more guidelines and instability(β=−0.51,p<0.001).A statistically significant association was observed between instability and meeting only sedentary behavior(β=−1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:[−2.32,−0.24],p=0.02),sedentary behavior+sleep(β=−1.30,95%CI:[−2.24,−0.35],p<0.01),and physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=−1.08,95%CI:[1.94,−0.21],p=0.02)guidelines.Further,positive and significant associations were observed between possibilities and meeting the guidelines for only physical activity(β=0.70,95%CI:[0.14,1.27),p=0.01),only sleep(β=0.61,95%CI:[0.01,1.21],p=0.04),physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=0.56,95%CI:[0.04,1.07),p=0.01),and physical activity+sleep(β=0.76,95%CI:[0.23,1.27],p=0.01).Conclusions:These findings suggest that adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with instability in Chinese emerging adults.Future studies are warranted to verify our findings to highlight the importance of maintaining a heath lifestyle to promote health in emerging adulthood.

Assessing gray matter volume in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital(approval No. KY2013-336) on January 6, 2014. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry(ISRCTN18238599).

Chemogenetic activation of sublaterodorsal tegmental glutamatergic neurons alleviates rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptoms in a chronic rat model of Parkinson disease

Rapid eye movement(REM)sleep behavior disorder(RBD)is a parasomnia that is featured by elevated motor behaviors and dream enactments during REM sleep.Clinical observations show that RBD bears significant relevance with several synucleinopathies such as Lewy body dementia and Parkinson disease(PD),and often develops prior to their diagnosis.Being a potential biomarker of PD,investigating the relationship of RBD symptoms and their emergence in developing PD would provide insight intoits pathogenesis.Here,in a chronic model of PD,rats with daily rotenone treatment exhibited key RBD features,including elevated sleep muscle tone,sleep fragmentation and EEG slowing at different time points.Based on detectedearly alpha synuclein aggregation and neural apoptosis in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus(SLD),an area known to promote REM sleep and maintain sleep muscle atonia,the possible involvement of SLD glutamatergic neurons was interrogated.Via chemogenetic activation of SLD glutamatergic neurons,key RBD symptoms and EEG slowing in REM sleep were alleviated.These results are consistent with a progressive degeneration in REM sleep promoting pathways.Our findings provide a foundation for further studies into RBD and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases.

施用茚虫威饵剂后红火蚁的蚁巢迁移及弃尸行为

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是典型的社会性昆虫,在防控过程中容易引起红火蚁巢体迁移和弃尸等现象,影响防控效果。本研究对标记好的蚁巢施用茚虫威饵剂,然后定时观察新增加的蚁巢数量和工蚁弃尸量。结果表明,施用0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂后,所有处理均有新蚁巢出现,施药后5~10 d,新蚁巢大量出现,随后蚁群趋向稳定,新增蚁巢减少,至处理后25~30 d,再次出现新蚁巢。0.1%茚虫威饵剂15 g/巢处理在施药后5 d出现8个新蚁巢,药后10 d和30 d分别又新增5个蚁巢,其他时间新增蚁巢数较少。按处理剂量,药后30 d,2种药剂15 g/巢处理出现的新巢数量均显著高于25 g/巢处理。0.1%茚虫威15 g/巢处理,校正蚁巢累计增加率高达124.98%,0.08%茚虫威饵剂15 g/巢处理为89.05%;0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂25 g/巢处理,校正蚁巢累计增加率分别为12.00%和51.34%。施用15 g/巢饵剂后2 d开始有大量工蚁尸体被丢弃,至药后4 d弃尸量达最大值,0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂处理弃尸量分别为330.5头/巢和300.2头/巢,随后呈逐步下降趋势,至14 d,弃尸量降至最低。施药后8 d内弃尸量达总弃尸量75.26%以上,至药后10 d,已达总弃尸量的90.08%以上。施用0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂25 g/巢的处理新蚁巢出现较少,表明施用相对低剂量的饵剂,更容易引起蚁巢迁移。红火蚁的弃尸行为主要发生在饵剂施用后的前8 d。

超重肥胖大学生24小时活动指南依从性及其心理健康问题研究

目的:考察中国超重肥胖大学生24小时活动指南依从和心理健康问题(压力、焦虑和抑郁)的人口统计学特征,探究活动指南依从与压力、焦虑和抑郁之间的关联,以及特征自我控制是否在上述关联中起到中介作用。方法:采用纵向前瞻性设计,对456名超重肥胖大学生完成两个时间点的数据收集,包含基线的自评24小时活动行为(身体活动、久坐及睡眠)和人口统计学变量,以及间隔2个月后的自评压力、焦虑和抑郁水平。结果:在24小时活动指南方面,男性、低年级以及父母教育水平较高的学生在活动指南方面的依从情况更好。女性以及高年级被试的心理健康问题主要表现为压力、焦虑和抑郁水平更高。此外,活动指南依从反向显著预测超重肥胖大学生的压力、焦虑及抑郁水平。特质自我控制对24小时活动依从与心理健康问题之间的关系起到部分中介作用。结论:未来应制定相关健康政策,采取科学有效的干预措施,以帮助中国超重肥胖大学生提高身体活动量、降低久坐、确保充足睡眠,进而提升其心理健康水平。

24小时活动行为:老年人健康影响因素研究的新方向

24 h活动行为包括身体活动、久坐行为及睡眠,国内外研究发现老年人普遍存在身体活动少、久坐、睡眠不足的问题,已有研究证明合理分配24 h活动行为是改善老年人不良健康结局的重要措施,但目前对于老年人24 h活动行为的相关研究仍处于探索阶段。本文结合现有的研究从24 h活动行为的概念、理论发展、分析方法以及其与老年人不良健康结局的关系进行综述。未来需要积极开展相关研究,深入探讨并量化24 h活动行为对老年人健康产生的影响,形成能够发挥老年人最大健康效益的24 h活动行为组合,开发准确的评估工具,以促进积极老龄化和健康老龄化。

番茄潜叶蛾成虫运动、求偶和交配行为的昼夜节律

【目的】为了更好地利用性信息素进行番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta的测报和防控,深入研究其运动、求偶和交配行为的昼夜节律。【方法】针对番茄潜叶蛾成虫,采用视频记录和二维轨迹分析其运动;固相微萃取(solid-phase microextraction, SPME)吸附提取和气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分析雌成虫性信息素滴度;2022年8-9月在四川省西昌市番茄大棚开展番茄潜叶蛾田间诱捕试验,根据诱捕结果分析番茄潜叶蛾成虫性信息素滴度与日龄和昼夜节律的关系,室内养虫笼内观察交配行为,并抽样解剖观察分析番茄潜叶蛾雄成虫的生殖系统发育与日龄关系。【结果】结果表明,在室内环境下,雌雄成虫的运动发生在暗期第5小时开始至光期第2小时结束,但进入暗期第5-7小时为高峰期,其运动时间和距离在雌雄及所测日龄(1-7日龄)之间均没有显著差异。番茄潜叶蛾的性信息素在1-11日龄成虫中都能检测到,日龄之间性信息素滴度没有显著差异。雌成虫性信息素在整个24 h内都可检测到,且不同时段之间信息素滴度差异不显著。交配没有显著影响雌成虫性信息素滴度。田间雄成虫被诱捕到的时间段在暗期第7小时至光期第2小时。番茄潜叶蛾成虫羽化当天就可以交配,交配率在3日龄为最高,之后则下降,交配持续时间在日龄之间没有显著差异。交配的高峰期则发生在暗期第7和10小时,进入光期之后则无新增的交配。雄成虫精巢体积随着日龄的增加而减少,依据性诱雄成虫的体积大小推算其日龄在3-7日龄。【结论】番茄潜叶蛾成虫的求偶和交配时间发生在暗期的末段,雌成虫性信息素滴度在不同日龄和昼夜节律保持持续的高水平,交配也不影响性信息素滴度。性诱雄成虫的年龄偏大,其精巢体积与7日龄的一致,多数可能已经交配。研究结果为不仅深入了解了番茄潜叶蛾成虫的求偶和交配行为,而且为开发基于性信息素的防控技术提供依据。

基于体质健康的多指标联合ROC曲线法建立儿童青少年24 h活动行为推荐量的探索性研究

目的:采用多指标联合ROC曲线方法对24 h活动行为的推荐量进行探索性研究,并与其他方法的推荐量进行比较。方法:在全国7个地区选取435名儿童青少年为研究对象,采用加速度计测量身体活动,问卷调查视屏时间(screen time,ST)和睡眠(sleep,SLP),从身体成分、心肺耐力、柔韧性、力量、速度和协调灵敏性等方面评价体质健康水平。使用成分数据的分析方法对24 h活动行为进行描述和变换。采用线性回归、二元逻辑回归和ROC曲线法探索24 h活动行为推荐量。采用准确率和Kappa值检验准确性和一致性,采用协方差分析比较满足不同项目推荐量的体质健康水平差异。结果:1)控制年龄、性别和家庭社会经济状况后,非视屏静坐(non-screen-time sedentary behavior,Non-ST SB)与体质健康呈负相关,低强度身体活动(light-intensityphysicalactivity,LPA)和中高强度身体活动(moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity,MVPA)与体质健康呈正相关;2)多指标联合的预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.710,高于所有单项指标且有统计学意义。联合指标预测值最佳切点值为0.38,对应的SLP为568.49 min/d,ST为130.00 min/d,Non-ST SB为584.92 min/d,LPA为99.92 min/d,MVPA为56.67 min/d;3)多指标联合预测的效果最好,准确率为88.72%,精确率为78.43%,召回率为90.91%,Kappa一致性系数为0.76。满足多指标联合推荐量的被试体质健康评分最高,且呈现随着满足项目数的增多,体质健康评分逐渐上升的趋势(Ptrend<0.001)。结论:研究采用的成分数据结合多指标联合ROC曲线法准确性和一致性较高,满足该方法的推荐量与较高的体质健康水平有关。

The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the lifespan.Consistent with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age groups.The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the lifespan.Methods:Five online databases(PsycINFO,PubMed,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,and Ovid MEDLINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design limits.The methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.Results:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting vs.not meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors.Findings indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and youth.Significant associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among children,(3)adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,social,and emotional health among children and youth,(4)cardiometabolic health in adults,(5)adiposity and fitness among adults and older adults,and(6)mental health and risk of mortality among older adults.The quality of the available evidence ranged from poor to good.Conclusion:The current evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health at all ages and that meeting the current 24-h movement guidelines is associated with a number of desirable health indicators in children and youth.Future studies should employ longitudinal and experimental designs,include valid and reliable measures of 24-h movement behaviors,and examine a wide array of health indicators across all age groups.Such studies would confirm the results from the primarily cross-sectional evidence drawn from studies included in our review and further advance our understanding of the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and health.

Prevalence of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 387,437 participants and 23 countries

Background:Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines(physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration) has been associated with positive health indicators.However,there are no previous meta-analyses that have examined the overall adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence across the world.Therefore,the main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the overall(non)adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among preschoolers,children,and adolescents worldwide.Methods:Four electronic databases(MEDLINE,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched for quantitative studies published in Spanish and English between January 2016 and May 2021.Studies that were conducted with apparently healthy participants and reported the overall(non)adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in preschoolers and/or children and/or adolescents were included.Results:Sixty-three studies comprising 387,437 individuals(51% girls) aged 3-18 years from 23 countries were included.Overall,7.12%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):6.45%-7.78%) of youth met all three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines,and 19.21%(95%CI:16.73%-21.69%)met none of the 3 recommendations.Concerning sex,adherence to all recommendations was significantly lower in girls(3.75%,95%CI:3.23%-4.27%) than in boys(6.89%,95%CI:5.89%-7.89%)(p <0.001).However,there were no sex differences regarding adherence to any of the 3 individual recommendations(girls,15.66%,95%CI:8.40%-22.92%;boys,12.95%,95%CI:6.57%-19.33%).In terms of age group,adherence to the 3 recommendations was 11.26%(95%CI:8.68%-13.84%),10.31%(95%CI:7.49%-13.12%),and 2.68%(95%CI:1.78%-3.58%) in preschoolers,children,and adolescents,respectively.Conversely,8.81%(95%CI:5.97%-11.64%) of preschoolers,15.57%(95%CI:11.60%-19.54%) of children,and 28.59%(95%CI:22.42%-34.75%) of adolescents did not meet any of the recommendations.South America was the region with the lowest adherence(all:2.93%;none:31.72%).Overall adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was positively related to country Human Development Index(β=-0.37,95%CI:-0.65 to-0.09;p=0.010).Conclusion:Most young people fail to meet the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines,particularly adolescents,girls,and those who are from countries with a lower Human Development Index.Moreover,1 in 5 young people did not meet any of these recommendations.Therefore,these results highlight the need to develop age-and sex-specific strategies to promote these movement behaviors from the early stages of life.

动画活动问卷用于膝骨关节炎患者的信效度检验

目的引进动画活动问卷,并检验其在膝骨关节炎患者中的信效度。方法通过直译、回译、文化调适和预调查对动画活动问卷进行汉化,形成中文版动画活动问卷。选取326例膝骨关节炎患者进行调查,以评价问卷信效度。结果中文版动画活动问卷包括步态与行走能力、日常动作行为能力2个维度17个条目。探索性因子分析提取2个公因子,累计方差贡献率为71.145%;验证性因子指标显示,χ2/df=2.976,RMSEA=0.095,NFI=0.917,IFI=0.943,TLI=0.931,CFI=0.943,GFI=0.856;条目水平的内容效度指数为0.833~1.000,问卷水平的内容效度指数为0.971。中文版动画活动问卷的总Cronbach′sα系数为0.954,Guttman折半信度为0.865。结论中文版动画活动问卷具有良好的信效度,适应于膝骨关节炎患者活动受限的评估工具。

伴和不伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍帕金森病患者自发脑活动的静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的快速眼动睡眠行为障碍(rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,RBD)是帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)常见的非运动症状且是重要预后因素。本研究通过静息态功能磁共振成像,利用度中心度(degreecentrality,DC)和低频振幅(amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)分析PD伴RBD和不伴有RBD患者组以及健康对照组三组间DC值和ALFF值,探索PD伴RBD患者脑功能活动特征及RBD特异性脑区,探究RBD发生的病理机制。材料与方法招募20例伴有RBD的PD患者(PD-RBD组)、40例无RBD的PD患者(PD-nonRBD组)和44例年龄性别匹配的健康对照(健康对照组),三组被试均接受磁共振扫描。利用静息态数据计算DC值和ALFF值,探测脑功能特征。结果方差分析结果显示三组间DC值主效应脑区为右侧中央前回、颞上回、小脑、额中回(P<0.05,FDR校正);ALFF值主效应脑区为左侧海马旁回、楔叶、舌回(P<0.05,FDR校正)。进一步分析发现相比于PD-nonRBD组,PD-RBD患者表现为右侧额中回DC值升高(t=4.02;P=0.007,FDR校正);左侧楔前叶DC值降低(t=5.30;P=0.009,FDR校正)。相比于健康对照组,PD-RBD患者表现为左侧额上回、小脑、右侧颞上回、左侧颞中回、额中回的DC值升高(P<0.05,FDR校正);左侧中央前回、颞上回和颞中回的DC值降低(P<0.05,FDR校正);右侧楔叶ALFF值降低(P<0.05,FDR校正)。结论PD-RBD在DC和ALFF上有独特的影像学特征,特别是右侧额中回、左侧楔前叶的功能异常可能与PD患者RBD的发生密切相关。

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍观察

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍患者实施治疗的可行性与安全性。方法回顾性分析福州市第二医院2021年3月—2023年3月收治的帕金森病伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍患者病例资料,查阅并筛选出100例帕金森病伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍患者完整病例,根据治疗方案分为2组,各50例。参照组采取药物治疗,研究组则在参照组治疗基础上配合重复经颅磁刺激治疗。比较2组治疗效果。结果2组患者治疗后的总睡眠时间(total sleep time,TST)、睡眠效率(sleep efficiency,SE)、快速眼动睡眠时间(rapid eye movement sleep,REMS)比治疗前更高,且研究组治疗后的指标[(360.45±25.68)min、(76.15±5.15)%、(12.85±4.32)min]均高于参照组[(317.85±23.12)min、(68.76±4.31)%、(8.05±1.65)min];而睡眠潜伏期(sleeplatency,SL)、醒觉指数(arousalindex,AI)则要低于治疗前,且研究组治疗后的指标[(17.12±3.45)min、(24.05±2.48)次/h]低于参照组[(24.18±4.36)min、(35.36±3.12)次/h],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组的爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(Epworth sleeping scale,ESS)评分要低于治疗前,且研究组治疗后评分[(6.01±2.02)分]低于参照组[(8.12±2.05)分],而蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assess-ment scale,MoCA)评分、PD睡眠量表(PDsleepscale,PDSS)评分高于治疗前,且研究组治疗后的分数[(25.38±2.76)分、(119.85±11.05)分]明显高出参照组[(22.38±2.13)分、(113.15±10.35)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于帕金森病伴快速眼动睡眠行为障碍采取重复经颅磁刺激治疗,可取得良好治疗效果,对于患者的睡眠障碍改善、认知功能改善有积极作用,且不会增加患者的不良反应发生率,具有较高的安全性。

帕金森病伴睡眠障碍的研究进展

帕金森病(PD)是一种与运动和非运动症状相关的大脑退行性疾病,与环境、遗传、神经系统老化等多种因素有关。近年的调查研究显示,中国PD平均患病年龄60岁,在65岁以上人群中,每10万人约1700名患者。睡眠障碍是PD的非运动症状之一,临床表现包括失眠、白天过度嗜睡、不宁腿综合征、快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍以及睡眠呼吸障碍等多种类型。由于存在个体差异,PD伴睡眠障碍疾病治疗过程中应在医生指导下选择最适合患者个体的药物。本文对PD睡眠障碍发病机制和常用药物治疗方案进行综述,希望能够为今后PD伴睡眠障碍的治疗提供新的思路。

鱼类行为生态水力学模型研究现状与发展趋势

水利工程运行与鱼类资源保护如何协同发展,是我国水电开发与水生态环境保护需要重点开展的研究,其中基于鱼类行为学、生态水力学及计算机科学等多学科交叉融合的鱼类行为生态水力学模型为水电开发背景下鱼类行为响应及其生境质量演变提供了研究技术及评估新方法。鱼类运动模型的基本原理为以水动力环境为基础,通过融合鱼类行为规律实现鱼类运动过程的模拟。本研究系统调研和梳理总结了近20年来国内外鱼类行为生态水力学模型的相关研究,重点聚焦模型如何准确构建及合理运用。首先介绍了模型的基本结构及主要组成要素,重点阐述了不同生境尺度中鱼类行为规则设置时考虑的因素,包括过鱼设施微生境、坝区水环境及河流生态系统;然后详细剖析了鱼类运动模型科学构建及运用过程中的难点,包括鱼类行为规则的复杂多样性、行为模型与水动力模型的融合以及模型的有效和合理运用;最后从人工智能算法、多尺度与多维度信息融合以及模型对生境要素的预测运用3个方面对未来运动模型研究进行展望,为开展符合我国坝情、水情及鱼情的鱼类行为生态水力学模型研究工作提供一定的科学依据。

运动及复杂环境抑制细菌脂多糖诱导的中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元损伤

目的探讨运动和复杂环境对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导的中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元死亡的影响。方法将C57BL/6小鼠分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+游泳组和LPS+复杂环境组,每组各7只。LPS组小鼠通过脑立体定位注射建立帕金森病炎症模型,置于鼠笼中生活2周。LPS+游泳组小鼠模型制作后每日强迫进行游泳运动15 min,运动2周。LPS+复杂环境组小鼠模型制作后置于复杂环境生活2周。对照组小鼠不做处理。模型制作14 d后,对各组小鼠进行足迹、旷场和滚轴等行为学实验,检测小鼠的自主运动能力、运动平衡能力和抑郁水平;免疫组织化学染色和Western blotting检测中脑黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达;Western blotting检测中脑黑质中脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)、Caspase-3、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达;RT-PCR检测中脑黑质中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α转录水平。结果与对照组相比,LPS组、LPS+游泳组、LPS+复杂环境组小鼠的运动能力和平衡能力均有所下降,抑郁水平有所上升(P<0.001),TH阳性神经元存活数量和BDNF蛋白量均显著减少(P<0.001),Caspase-3及IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量均显著增高(P<0.001)。与LPS组相比,LPS+游泳组和LPS+复杂环境组小鼠的运动能力和平衡能力均有所恢复,抑郁水平显著下降(P<0.01),TH阳性神经元存活数量及BDNF含量均显著增多(P<0.01),Caspase-3及IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α均显著减少(P<0.01),且LPS+复杂环境组现象更为显著。结论运动和复杂环境能抑制LPS诱导的小鼠中枢神经系统炎症,从而减轻对中脑黑质神经元的损伤,且LPS+复杂环境组的抑制效果更为显著。

24h活动行为与4~6岁儿童执行功能:基于具身认知的成分等时替代分析

目的:研究基于具身认知理论,利用成分数据分析法综合探究24 h活动行为(24-hour Movement Behavior)与儿童执行功能(Executive function,EF)的关系,并进一步分析不同活动成分在等时替代后对EF的影响。方法:103名4~6岁儿童(女童50名,男童53名)通过ActiGraph wGT3-BT加速度计和主观睡眠报告测量24 h活动行为,利用E-prime3编制的执行功能任务范式评估其EF,统计分析过程均由RStudio软件完成。结果:(1)儿童的中高强度身体活动(Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity,MVPA)未达到世界卫生组织推荐标准,而静态行为(Sedentary Behaviour,SB)时间偏长,MVPA与低强度身体活动(Light Physical Activity,LPA)有转换可能性,但MVPA时间整体较为稳定;(2)24 h活动行为与执行功能相关,MVPA、睡眠(Sleep Period,SP)与执行功能呈正相关,静态行为与执行功能呈负相关,LPA与执行功能无显著关系;(3)当MVPA等时替代静态行为、LPA可显著提升执行功能,替代LPA效益最高,反之,若MVPA被静态行为、LPA替代,执行功能快速下降。结论:本研究从具身认知的视角明确指出,24 h活动行为,特别是MVPA和睡眠,在儿童执行功能的发展中扮演重要角色。建议在儿童教育实践和家庭教育中全面和系统地考虑活动行为,特别是优化MVPA和确保充足的睡眠,以有效提升儿童的执行功能。研究不仅为教育实践提供了重要参考,还进一步强化了具身认知理论的应用。