Exo-glycosidases Activities in Artemisia sphaerocephala Mucilaginous Achene Germination Process

白沙蒿 (ArtemisiasphaerocephalaKrasch .)是中国西北沙区分布的多年生植物。瘦果遇湿后其粘液层开始膨胀。对其种子萌发不同阶段的种胚提取物中几种可能降解果皮外层粘液物质的外切糖苷酶进行了检测。结果表明 :β 吡喃半乳糖苷酶在干种子中的活性很高 ,但是随着种子的吸涨而逐渐降低 ,在已萌发的种子中无法探测到。α和 β 吡喃阿拉伯糖苷酶、β 吡喃葡萄糖苷酶以及 β 吡喃甘露糖苷酶在种子萌发过程的胚提取物中也显示出了一些活性 ,但是这些活性在种胚外却无法探测到。所有胚提取物中的外切糖苷酶都无法降解果皮粘液物质。所有的证据都表明果皮外层的粘液物质无法在种子萌发的早期被水解。因此果皮粘液物质在干旱沙质条件下的生态功能被限制在吸收水分以及延长胚吸水的时间。

Endo-Glycanhydrolases Activities in Artemisia sphaerocephala (Asteraceae) Mucilaginous Achene Germination Process

对白沙蒿 (ArtemisiasphaerocephahaKrasch .)种子萌发不同阶段的种胚提取物中几种可能降解果皮外层粘液物质的多糖内切酶进行了检测。研究结果表明 :多聚半乳糖醛酸酶在干燥胚中已存在并具较高的活性 ,但其活性随着种子吸涨及萌发而降低。此酶并不释放到种胚外。β 甘露聚糖内切酶随着种子的吸涨而增加并被萌发的种胚释放到种子外。纤维素酶在种子萌发的过程中不表现出活性。提取物中的所有多糖内切酶都无法降解果皮外层的粘液物质。

Comparison of Germination Strategies of Artemisia ordosica with Its Two Congeners from Deserts of China and Israel

Artemisia ordosica Krasch. is a dominant shrub occurring mainly on stable sand dunes in the Gobi Desert of China, in the Mongolian phytogeographic region. Achenes of A. ordosica germinate in light but poorly in dark and light is the limiting factor regulating the achene germination in sand depth. Achenes germinate in spring or autumn with an optimal temperature of 20 ℃. Achene mucilage can absorb large amounts of water and has important ecological function. Salt concentrations and sand moisture may regulate achene germination in sand. A. ordosica, A. sphaerocephala Krasch. and A. monosperma Delile. from different climates have similar responses to light, the underground location of achene, and sand moisture. Percentage of seedling emergence from different levels of sand depth is depends on the specific, temperature and intensity of light penetrating through the sand depths, as well as on sand moisture. The desert sand habitat seems to have had a dominant influence on the evolution of the germination strategies of these 3 Artemisia species.