General series expression of eddy-current impedance for coil placed above multi-layer plate conductor

This paper presents a closed expression of the layered-plate factor used to calculate the coil eddy-current impedance over the multi-layer plate conductor. By using this expression, the general series of eddy-current impedance can be written directly without solving the undetermined constant equations. The series expression is easy to use for theoretical analysis and programming. Experimental results show that calculated values and measured values are in agreement. As an application, when the bottom layer of the layered plate is a non-ferromagnetic thin layer conductor and the product of the thickness and conductivity of the layer remains unchanged, using the layered-plate factor expression proposed in this paper, it can be theoretically predicted that the eddy-current impedance curves corresponding to different thin layer thickness values will coincide.

An Exponential Series Method for the Solution of Free Convection Boundary Layer Flow in a Saturated Porous Medium

Third order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, subject to appropriate boundary conditions, arising in fluid mechanics is solved exactly using more suggestive schemes- Dirichlet series and method of stretching variables. These methods have advantages over pure numerical methods in obtaining derived quantities accurately for various values of the parameters involved at a stretch and are valid in a much larger domain compared with classical numerical schemes.

Series Solution of Non-Similarity Boundary-Layer Flow in Porous Medium

This paper aims to present complete series solution of non-similarity boundary-layer flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over a porous wedge. The corresponding nonlinear partial differential equations are solved analytically by means of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). An auxiliary parameter is introduced to ensure the convergence of solution series. As a result, series solutions valid for all physical parameters in the whole domain are given. Then, the effects of physical parameters γ and Prandtl number Pr on the local Nusselt number and momentum thickness are investigated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the series solutions of this kind of non-similarity boundary-layer flows are reported.

MHD flow of upper-convected Maxwell fluid over porous stretching sheet using successive Taylor series linearization method

This paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） boundary layer flow of an incompressible upper-convected Maxwell （UCM） fluid over a porous stretching surface. Similarity transformations are used to reduce the governing partial differential equations into a kind of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The nonlinear prob- lem is solved by using the successive Taylor series linearization method （STSLM）. The computations for velocity components are carried out for the emerging parameters. The numerical values of the skin friction coefficient are presented and analyzed for various parameters of interest in the problem.

电动汽车锂电池组双层环形均衡器研究

传统Buck-Boost均衡电路传输路径长且均衡效率低,现有的环形均衡器无法从根本上解决该问题。针对该问题,文中提出了一种基于Buck-Boost及开关电容的锂电池双层环形均衡器。该均衡电路采用模块化均衡的方法在底层模块和顶层模块采用Buck-Boost和开关电容的混合电路实现均衡,并采用图论分析的方法,从均衡速度、均衡效率两方面分析电路结构。结果表明,该均衡电路具有能量传输路径少、能量传输效率高的优点。文中在MATLAB/Simulink电力仿真平台上搭建了均衡电路的仿真模型,仿真结果表明基于Buck-Boost及开关电容的双层环形均衡器比单层环形均衡器均衡速度提高了46%。文中搭建了4节电池的实验样机对环形均衡电路工作原理及系统均衡效率进行实验验证,结果表明双层环形均衡器比单层环形均衡器均衡效率可提高26.78%。仿真与实验结果与理论分析一致,说明电路结构合理有效。

基于LC-GAN的电力碳排放数据异常检测方法

针对目前电力碳排放数据存在的坏数据虚假注入问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的电力碳排放数据异常检测方法。首先构建面向时序数据的改进生成对抗网络,引入双层长短期记忆网络,深入挖掘时序数据的内在联系;再通过生成对抗网络改进模型的生成器和判别器的共同打分,判别电力碳排放数据异常值;最后在华东某省碳排放监测平台进行电力碳排放数据测试。结果表明,基于生成对抗网络改进模型的电力碳排放数据异常检测方法对抗训练稳定、损失函数收敛速度快,检出率为87.5%,针对电力碳排放时序异常数据检测的准确度较高。

一种用于层状结构模型的先进计算方法

提出一种针对层状结构模型的先进计算方法。研究的层状结构通常为水平层状板或者层状半空间,结构由横观各向同性(TI)材料组成,材料对称轴指向分层方向。本文方法可以考虑材料的多场耦合特性,即热弹性、多孔弹性和磁电弹性耦合。基于最近提出的傅立叶-贝塞尔级数(FBS)向量函数系和双变量/位置(DVP)方法,建立了本文的先进计算方法。DVP能够无条件稳定地将层矩阵从一层传播到下一层。FBS向量函数系具有以下特点,(1)反映了具有明确类型的广义变形/波,(2)将展开系数预先计算为Love数,然后将其用于涉及问题的模拟。层状地球中的断层(或位错)作用、土-结构相互作用以及近地表地球剖面中的瞬态波等三个典型算例,证明了提出方法的准确性和有效性。

Complementary Sliding Mode Speed Control with Saturation Function Boundary Layer Optimization

A simple method is proposed to optimize the thickness parameter of the boundary layer of the saturation function in the Complementary Sliding Mode Control (CSMC). A pair of complementary sliding surfaces are constructed. And the Taylor series is used to estimate the steady state error of CSMC system to optimize the parameter value for the boundary layer of the saturation function without artificial settings. This proposed CSMC strategy is applied to the speed regulation in permanent magnet synchronous motor with lump uncertainties. The experimental results show that the proposed CSMC strategy can obtain an optimal value for the boundary layer parameter effectively suppressing the chattering and keep an excellent system performance.

Feature Layer Fusion of Linear Features and Empirical Mode Decomposition of Human EMG Signal

To explore the influence of the fusion of different features on recognition,this paper took the electromyography(EMG)signals of rectus femoris under different motions(walk,step,ramp,squat,and sitting)as samples,linear features(time-domain features(variance(VAR)and root mean square(RMS)),frequency-domain features(mean frequency(MF)and mean power frequency(MPF)),and nonlinear features(empirical mode decomposition(EMD))of the samples were extracted.Two feature fusion algorithms,the series splicing method and complex vector method,were designed,which were verified by a double hidden layer(BP)error back propagation neural network.Results show that with the increase of the types and complexity of feature fusions,the recognition rate of the EMG signal to actions is gradually improved.When the EMG signal is used in the series splicing method,the recognition rate of time-domain+frequency-domain+empirical mode decomposition(TD+FD+EMD)splicing is the highest,and the average recognition rate is 92.32%.And this rate is raised to 96.1%by using the complex vector method,and the variance of the BP system is also reduced.

Composition and Assemblage Characteristics of Magnetic Minerals in Layer S_(5-1) of Xifeng and Duanjiapo Sections

Relatively strongly magnetic fine components (<30μm, XS-4J and DS-4J) which are most environmentally sensitive were separated from layer S-{5-1} in the Xifeng and Duanjiapo loess sections and analyzed by MPV-3 for their morphometric characteristics and reflectance, SEM-ESD for their element contents and XRD for their mineral phases, respectively. The results showed that minerals in both samples are dominated by detrial Fe-Ti oxides of aeolian origin. In sample XS-4J the reflectance and iron contents of magnetic minerals are usually high. In addition to magnetite (Fe-3O-4), maghemite (γFe-2O-3) and hematite (Fe-2O-3), some Fe-high oxide ({72.25 wt%}-{86.67 wt%}), ilmenite (FeTiO-3), and magnetite-ulvspinel were also detected. In sample DS-4J obvious negative linear correlations were found between Ti and Fe, and the contents of Mn, Si, Al and Ca are usually high and the minerals are dominated by magnetite (maghemite), goethite (FeOOH) and limonite (containing Si and OH). In addition, the signs of corrosion of magnetic minerals and newly crystallized magnetite (maghemite) were recognized. Differences in the composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetite minerals between XS and DS reflect significant differences in source rocks and preserving conditions.

聚变堆活化腐蚀产物多尺度可视分析方法研究

聚变能被认为是人类的终极清洁能源,而安全是聚变能发展的生命线。聚变堆冷却管道中的活化腐蚀产物是聚变堆的主要放射性源项,对聚变堆的屏蔽设计、人员防护和事故后果等都有重要影响。随着时间的推移,活化腐蚀产物不断累积,研究活化腐蚀产物在冷却管道中的分布特征对聚变安全有重要意义。现阶段,该领域的专家缺乏一种能够快速有效地分析活化腐蚀产物分布特征的方法。考虑到在研究过程中,根据不同的特性对聚变堆冷却管道的各个部分进行了分类,获得了大量的部件,因此,活化腐蚀产物广泛分布在部件中,由Co57、Co60、Mn54等多种放射性物质组成,活化腐蚀产物的组成和分布随着时间的推移而演变,因此活化腐蚀产物数据是多变量时序数据。针对活化腐蚀产物数据的特点和领域专家的分析需求,设计开发了一套可视分析系统,其主要特点包括:①针对冷却管道部件过多的问题,提出基于多层次聚类分析,以快速选出代表性部件进行深入分析,避免逐一查看所有部件;②针对时间跨度大的问题,基于多粒度划分方法自动提取潜在关键时间段,以聚焦关键时间段;③设计一套多视图联动可视分析系统,通过灵活交互快速得到活化腐蚀产物的整体分布特征。根据上述特点,最终设计了一个基于Web的系统,可以对聚变堆活化腐蚀产物进行多尺度、多粒度分析。国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)是目前世界上最大的国际合作项目,以ITER反应堆2013—2020年活化腐蚀产物数据为例验证该方法的有效性,表明了该工具有助于选出代表性部件和关键时间段,能大幅度提高工作效率。

基于深度强化学习的耕作层土壤水分、温度预测

【目的】利用土壤近表面空气温湿度与土壤内部参数的关联关系对耕作层土壤水分、温度进行精准预测,为实现精细化农业种植管理提供服务。【方法】针对土壤耕作层水分、温度预测在训练集获取与模型验证等方面的实际需求,设计了基于嵌入式系统及窄带物联网(Narrow band internet of things,NB-IoT)无线通信技术的物联网数据采集系统。在此基础上基于深度Q学习(Deep Q network,DQN)算法探索了一种模型组合策略,以长短期记忆(Long short-term memory,LSTM)、门限循环单元(Gated recurrent unit,GRU)与双向长短期记忆网络(Bidirectional long short-term memory,Bi-LSTM)为基础模型进行加权组合,获得了DQN-L-G-B组合预测模型。【结果】数据采集系统实现了对等间隔时间序列环境数据的长时间稳定可靠采集,可以为基于深度学习的土壤水分、温度时间序列预测工作提供准确的训练集与验证集数据。相对于LSTM、Bi-LSTM、GRU、L-G-B等模型,DQN-L-G-B组合模型在2种土壤类型(壤土、砂土)耕作层上水分与温度预测中的均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)、平均绝对误差(Mean absolute error,MAE)、平均百分比误差(Mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)都有一定程度的降低,R2提高了约0.1%。【结论】通过该物联网数据采集系统与DNQ-L-G-B组合模型,可以有效地完成基于土壤近表面空气温、湿度对耕作层土壤中水分、温度的精准预测。

6×××系铝合金车体型材粗晶的研究进展

6×××系铝合金作为可热处理强化的中高强度铝合金,具有优良的可焊性和耐蚀性,在轨道交通领域已得到广泛应用。然而,粗晶环的存在严重影响了其作为结构材料的优良性能。介绍了铝型材粗晶产生原因,总结了减小轨道车体用6×××系铝合金型材的晶粒度和粗晶环厚度的措施,包括合金化学成分调整,均匀化退火、挤压工艺和热处理工艺的优化,模具结构调整等。

FDA与ML-KELM结合的机电系统故障识别

为准确识别坦克自动装弹机中的机电系统故障,提出了一种结合函数型数据分析(Functional data analysis,FDA)和多层核极限学习机(Multi-layer kernel extreme learning machine,ML-KELM)的故障识别方法。首先,以函数的视角对机电系统运行过程中具有平滑特性的时序数据进行特征信息挖掘,利用函数型主成分分析和主微分分析从不同空间将时序数据的变化特性表征为特征参数;其次,对提取的多传感器时序数据的特征进行Relief-F特征筛选,得到与分类强相关的特征;最后,采用ML-KELM对强相关特征进行深度特征学习,获取更抽象的特征表达,进而实现准确的故障识别。结果表明:采用与某坦克自动装弹机中的链式输送机原理一致的实验装置进行故障识别实验,函数型主成分分析和主微分分析能够从不同的特征空间中提取时序数据中的有效故障特征,并且两种方法提取的特征具有互补性;基于多传感器时序数据特征中的强相关特征,使用3层隐含层的ML-KELM能够实现较为准确的故障识别,所提方法具有可行性和有效性,为坦克自动装弹机中的机电系统故障识别的研究提供了一种参考。

嘉峪关地区第四系上更新统胶结层成因分析

为了查明嘉峪关地区第四系上更新统胶结层的成因和工程特性,在S06酒(酒泉)嘉(嘉峪关)绕城高速公路工程K28+960~K50+000段,通过野外地质调查、工程地质钻探、钻孔取样、室内试验等,对该地区第四系上更新统胶结层的分类、分布特征、成因环境、工程地质等进行了总结分析,结果表明:工程区近地表为硫酸盐胶结,下部根据胶结物的不同分为黏土胶结层、砂土胶结层、圆砾胶结层,其成因主要为胶结矿物的淋滤、聚集、凝结、结晶及胶结,胶结层具有岩石或半成岩性质,以及较高的抗压强度、较强的抗崩解、抗软化及抗风化等工程性质。胶结层的分布及埋藏特征较复杂,与周围土层性质有显著差异,岩土施工工程分级为Ⅳ~Ⅴ,研究结果可为类似工程勘察设计提供参考。

中中新世以来南海南部前隆的迁移:来自北康盆地的证据

利用二维地震资料探讨南海南部北康前隆的迁移现象及其对形成油气圈闭的影响。在南沙海域,早中新世不整合(EMU)是一个区域性不整合面,EMU之上的地层可以简单归结为披覆层系和水平层系。披覆层系直接覆盖在EMU上,具有连续薄层的平行地震反射特征,向南东方向加厚,属于悬浮沉积;而水平层系同期充填在低凹处,不断上超和覆盖早期的披覆层系,厚层状,呈不连续或弱反射特征,属于浊积物与悬浮物的混合沉积。通过上超反射终止的迁移和披覆层系的加厚两个特征判断,中中新世以来北康前隆在向上隆升的同时不断向南东方向迁移,反映了南沙海域减薄的陆壳有一个强烈挠曲和均衡反弹过程。前隆的迁移留下了一系列的古潜山,披覆层系和水平层系是很好的盖层,有利于圈闭的形成。

多层复杂断块油藏开发策略研究

开采低渗复杂断块油藏时,为了获得最大的开发效益,需要设计最优的开发策略与方案。对于多层复杂断块油藏,划分和组合开发层系总的原则是一套开发层系内小层数不能太多,层间差异不能太大,并且开发层系具有一定的物质基础,达到一定的生产能力。在细分调整时,一套开发层内主力小层数一般不超过3个,小层总数约为5～8层。注采井距过大,砂体储量控制程度低,注采连通率低;注采井距过小,水淹早。因此,需要对井距进行优化设计。针对多层复杂断块油藏的地质特点,井网形式以三角形井网为好,采用分套逐段上返开发方式效果较好。