Impact of educational interventions on mothers’ awareness and communication with their attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder children

Objective:The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of the educational intervention on mothers’knowledge,awareness,and communication difficulties experienced with their children and mothers’capacity to successfully interact with their affected child before and after the intervention.Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental research design was used.A total of 30 mothers and their children complaining of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder from four Dawadmi primary schools were included.Data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire from September 2023 to January 2024 after study acceptance by Shaqra University’s scientific deanship.Intervention prepared according to subjects’needs and current scientific base and demonstrated in 10 sessions in schools.Results:Regarding mothers’age,more than one-fourth of them(26.7%)ranged from 31 to 35 year old,and about a third(36.7%)had secondary education.Regarding mother’s job,about 76.7%do not work,and the majority of affected children(66.6%)were male,there were significant improvements in mothers’knowledge pre-and postintervention also a significant improvement in mothers’awareness about symptoms of poor attention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity pre-and postintervention was found.Significant differences were found before and after the intervention regarding the impact of the intervention in decreasing mothers’challenges.Conclusion:The study hypothesis was accepted,and the intervention improved mothers;knowledge,awareness,and communication challenges.The intervention should be conducted and followed up for a long period of time to manage all mother’s and children’s daily challenges,improve children’s daily activities,and stabilize effective communication patterns between children and their family members.

Integration of Cross-cultural Awareness Acquisition into Communicative Language Teaching

In order to improve their abilities in cross-cultural communication, language learners should develop not only their language competence, but also communicative competence. Therefore, the integration of cross-cultural awareness acquisition into communicative language teaching is quite necessary. And some practical measures of cultivating cultural creativity are introduced to help language learners to develop communicative competence.

Ways to Develop College Students' Awareness of Appropriateness in Oral Communication

Appropriateness is very important in oral communication.By analyzing the problems in oral communication,this article puts forward some efficient ways to raise college students’awareness of appropriateness in oral communication.

Why Is It Important Awareness of Cross Culture Differences in Cultural Communi cation——Awareness of Cross Culture Differences Influences Cultural Communication

No matter you agree or not,the world is in a fast developing time.The communication between people contributes to this de velopment.However,during these communications,people find out the culture difference between countries and the realized the impor tance of develop awareness of cross culture differences.In my point of view,there are some reasons why it is important to develop aware ness of cross culture differences.

The Importance of Intercultural Communication Awareness in English Learning

Economic globalization has promoted the arrival of the era of cultural pluralism,and the coexistence of different culturesand languages has become a common phenomenon.Nowadays,intercultural communication is increasingly infiltrating into life,es-pecially for Chinese students who learn English,intercultural communication is of great significance to them.In English teaching,how to cultivate students’intercultural awareness,how to reduce misunderstandings,conflicts,and even communication failurescaused by cultural differences is not only the mission of educators,but also the important issue in the reform of the English teach-ing in China.This paper would analyze the influence of cultural factors on language use and the current situation and reasons of in-tercultural communication in Chinese English teaching,and emphasize the importance of intercultural communication awareness.

Smart phone-based context-aware augmentative and alternative communications system

A smartphone-based context-aware augmentative and alternative communication(AAC) was applied was in order to enhance the user's experience by providing simple, adaptive, and intuitive interfaces. Various potential context-aware technologies and AAC usage scenarios were studied, and an efficient communication system was developed by combining smartphone's multimedia functions and its optimized sensor technologies. The experimental results show that context-awareness accuracy is achieved up to 97%.

Cross-Cultural Awareness and Teaching English as a Second Language in the Context of Globalization

The paper focuses on the inseparability of language and culture, highlighting the significant role of cross-culturalawareness and communicative competence in teaching English as a second language （TESL） in the context ofincreasingly internationalized global world. Cross-cultural awareness has always been important in modernlanguage studies, as preparing students for effective and competent intercultural communication requires not onlymere teaching of linguistic skills like phonology, morphology, lexicology, and syntax, but also the vital componentof cultural knowledge and awareness. Communication that lacks appropriate cultural content often results in anodd or humorous situation leading to misunderstanding and miscommunication. Therefore, the present paperclaims that in TESL it is necessary to incorporate and develop aspects of cross-cultural awareness as a part of thecourse curriculum to immerse students in effective intercultural communicative competence. It is strongly believedthat developing cross-cultural awareness through learning and practicing the patterns of the current lifestyle in thetarget culture will help the learners overcome both cultural shock and intercultural communicative barriers easier,compare the target culture with their own, and find the similarities and differences between them, thus coping withcross-cultural communication problems successfully. There are many challenges related to teaching English as alingua franka in a cross-cultural context of globalization--English, not being the native language of the learners,triggers a great number of problems connected with teaching and developing cross-cultural awareness. This paperoffers some strategies for coping with them.

Generic Framework for Context-Aware Communication Services in Visitor’s Guides

Ubiquitous computing plays an increasing role in our lives. Typically, applications in ubiquitous computing environ-ments are context aware, namely, they react to the situations of their users at a given moment in time. One example for such environment is visitor’s guides in cultural heritage sites, supporting visits of individuals or small groups, such as families or friends. In such environments, it is well known that interaction among visitors enhances the overall visit experience. Recently, some research prototypes of visitor’s guides have started supporting such interaction through textual communication services embedded in them. However, these applications have so far been developed separately in an ad-hoc manner, despite common features and infrastructures they share. The research described here generalizes communication services offered by different visitor’s guides and suggests a systematic and generic framework for developing context-aware communication services for visitor’s guides. The specific communication services are abstracted into a domain model, later used in practice for adapting and tailoring the different concepts to the specific requirements of the applications. The framework is demonstrated in the specific setting of a multi-agent museum visitor’s guide system. We also show that the suggested framework is not limited to the specific museum visitor’s guide system but may facilitate the development of context-aware communication applications in general.

Developing students＇ cultural awareness through foreign language teaching

We live in an age of changes. And these changes in science, technology, economy, political systems, and immigration patterns, especially the emergence of Internet, have created a world in which we increasingly interact with people from different cultures. The levels of students＇ cultural awareness toward the target language （English） have a profound influence on the foreign language teaching （English） practice and performance. Obviously linguistic knowledge alone is not enough to secure successful interactions with native speakers in cross cultural communications. Cultural mistakes are worse than linguistic ones because they tend to cause misjudgments, or ill feelings between native and foreign speakers. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the relationship between culture and language, explaining cultural awareness, providing some principles of cultural knowledge teaching and some techniques to develop students＇ cultural awareness through foreign language （English） teaching in high schools.

The Symphony of Communicative Approach&World Englishes:A Study of the Involvement of Accents in English Listening Teaching

Immensely intensive cross-border trade in China has brought English to an unprecedentedly crucial status for communication.As a result,great variety of English accents mushroomed,which often baffles English learners.The thesis analyzes the English accents issue,World Englishes,in China under the guidance of communicative approach from three perspectives to show the definite necessity of involving accents in English listening teaching for the sake of achieving communicative efficiency and increasing multicultural awareness.Besides,some possibles methods have been brought up for the practical teaching process.

Cultivating Students' Cultural Awareness in Foreign Language Teaching

Many foreign language teachers are often wondering why their students cannot avoid some mistakes in their writing assignment and oral presentations though the grammatical rules and phrases are quite familiar to them. On the other hand students also complain about the boredom of learning English."What is the use of learning English besides taking exams?"they often ask. In this paper the author is going to discuss language learning and teaching from the cultural perspective. By discussing the importance of culture teaching, the author intends to help both the teachers and the students to get out of their bewilderment. Some useful suggestions will be shared at the end of the paper, aiming to offer some practical and concrete guidance to both the students and my co-workers.

On the Application of Communicative Materials for Teaching Writing——Taking Language Leader Course Book as an Example

Materials for teaching writing not only need to incorporate the basic skills but also should consider writing purposes,audience,and real-world communicative purposes.This paper examines one chapter of writing tasks extracted from " Language Leader" course book,aiming to explain the significance of the appUcation of communicative materials for teaching writing.

Assessment of Barriers and Challenges to the Screening and Linkages of Non-Communicable Diseases by Community Health Volunteers in Nyeri County, Kenya

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant global health challenge, contributing to 50% of worldwide morbidity and 63% of mortality. The burden is particularly substantial in low—and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 80% of NCD-related deaths occur. A quasi-experimental study addressed this challenge from May 2022 to March 2023. This study utilized a non-equivalent pre-and post-test design, with 300 participants in the quantitative and 70 in the qualitative. The study employed multistage cluster and random sampling to select ten community units, resulting in 150 community health volunteers (CHVs) in the control unit and 150 in the intervention group. Data collection was facilitated through the KOBO app. Qualitative data analysis involved six homogeneous focus group discussions (FGDs) and ten key informant interviews (KIIs), audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using N-Vivo 12. Despite efforts to implement screening programs and improve linkages to care, significant barriers persist. This article reviews these barriers, drawing on current literature and empirical evidence. Key obstacles identified include limited awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, cultural beliefs, financial constraints, fragmented healthcare systems, and challenges linking individuals to appropriate care services. The article explores strategies to overcome these barriers, emphasizing the importance of collaborative approaches involving stakeholders at various levels. Addressing these challenges aims to strengthen NCD screening and linkages to care, ultimately improving health outcomes for populations globally. Several recommendations emerge from the study’s findings and literature review. Raising awareness about NCDs and preventive measures is crucial and can be achieved through targeted health education campaigns and community outreach programs. Addressing healthcare infrastructure deficiencies, such as inadequate facilities and workforce shortages, is essential to ensure access to quality care. Cultural beliefs and practices also play a significant role in shaping health-seeking behavior. Engaging with local communities and incorporating cultural sensitivity into healthcare delivery can help bridge the gap between traditional beliefs and modern healthcare practices. Financial constraints pose a significant barrier to healthcare services, particularly in LMICs. Innovative financing mechanisms, such as health insurance schemes or subsidies, can help alleviate this burden and improve access to care. Furthermore, the fragmented nature of healthcare systems can hinder effective NCD management. Enhancing coordination and integration between primary care providers, specialists, and community health workers is essential to ensure seamless care delivery and patient follow-up. Finally, strengthening linkages between screening programs and care services is critical for the timely diagnosis and management of NCDs. This requires establishing robust referral systems and ensuring continuity of care for patients throughout their healthcare journey. In conclusion, addressing the multifaceted barriers to NCD screening and care linkage is essential for improving health outcomes globally. By implementing targeted interventions and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, progress can be made towards reducing the burden of NCDs and promoting population health.

Transcultural Communication and English Language Teaching

This paper empathizes the crucial importance of culture in ELT and analyzes the crosscultural communication block caused by differences between Western culture and Chinese culture on four aspects, which are different perception of the world, different perception of the self, different intercultural communication applications and different ideas of social relations. The author also puts forward some suggestions on how to solve the problem of crosscultural communication in English teaching,

How to Develop College Students’Competence of Cross-Cultural Communication

Nowadays many college students lack the competence of cross-cultural communication.They can not communicate with each other appropriately.In response to the problem,this paper analyses its cause and puts forward two countermeasures:fostering students'cultural-awareness and positive attitude towards cross-cultural communication;creating an authentic or semi-authentic language environment.A teacher should combine them together and put them into practice in order to improve students'competence of cross-cultural communication.

A study on pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication

Through analyzing and comparing the anecdotes of pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication from the aspects of lexicon, syntax and discourse, some pragmatic strategies are suggested in intercultural communication. To improve learners＇ cultural awareness and communicative competence, a cultural-linguistic approach in foreign language teaching should be adopted.

Intercultural Communication and ELT

Intercultural communication seeks to understand how people from different countries or cultures act,communicate and perceive the world around them.To develop students’culture awareness and intercultural communication skills have been incorporated in ELT curriculum.This paper will focus on culture awareness,cultural disparities and cross-cultural communica tion in ELT context.

Towards Developing Communication Strategies for HIV/AIDS Control among the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes Women in Three Northeastern States of India

HIV/AIDS spread has opened a Pandora of medical and health problems apart from creating serious socio-psychological trauma for the victims and their families. Despite the governmental effort to curve the growing infection, very little success has been achieved. The northeastern region of India presents a very peculiar situation due to recurrent insurgency in all its states for long time and thus it became instrumental in paralyzing the social and health machineries to an extent, which still deteriorated the futile national effort to check the deadly infection. The study tried to understand the level of awareness and correct knowledge among the underprivileged scheduled tribes and scheduled castes women in the age group 15 -44 by exploring data from district level of Rapid Household Reproductive and Child Health Project Phase I (1998) and Phase II (1999) for Assam, Manipur and Nagaland and suggested a strategy to control the infection in the region. It is found that HIV/AIDS awareness was 59% among the women in all the three states with very few among them who had correct understanding of its prevention. A pronounced difference in the level of awareness was observed with respect to age, economy and residential status of the respondents.

The Analysis of Intercultural Communication Competence in ESP Teaching

With the Belt and Road Initiative,the demand for Chinese college students to enhance their intercultural competence has been growing.Although the students’English proficiency has improved a lot,a large quantitative of students still have difficulties in communicating with people from different countries.With the development of present college education,China’s college English teaching is undergoing a new phase of reformation because of various intrinsic or extrinsic factors.And most of the college students have been offered bilingual courses,EAP or ESP courses.More and more international activities have been held locally,and foreign exchanges and cooperation have become more frequent.From the perspective of the macroscopic social context,European countries have many common cultural origins,which are easy to express in the same or similar English;even if Asian countries and English-speaking countries have large cultural differences,the unique English expression is more common among different participants.By taking 120 undergraduates,graduates,and the post graduates as the sample,this paper is firstly trying to investigate the status quo through questionnaires and inquiries on the demand,the anticipation,expectation,and the relative strategies of intercultural communication skills nurturing in college English courses especially in ESP courses.The survey was conducted among students and graduates of our college,whose professional background and employment field are both the law enforcement and the policing,and most of them have volunteered in international activities or have the experience of international exchange.This paper is then through qualitative or quantitative analysis probing into the theoretical resources and practical nurturing practices of intercultural communication competence in ESP course from perspectives of objectives,activities,content,approaches of teaching,etc.And based on theories of communication,IC,ESP,teaching methods,etc.,the thesis attempts to discuss the present problem or the insufficiency in IC teaching in ESP courses,and to provide several creative suggestions or strategies on how to change and improve the present situation.

How to Avoid Communication Conflicts Between Chinese and English Speakers

Chinese core values are very different from those of people in English speaking countries, and this makes communication styles very different. When Chinese communicate with people from other cultures, cultural awareness sometimes helps make the communication easier and more effective. When people are in a bi-cultural or even multi-cultural situation, they need to be aware of the cultural differences. On the other hand, for various reasons, cultural barriers may arise. This can occur when the people concerned speak entirely different languages or hold entirely different values and communication styles. This essay examines how native Chinese speakers communicate with or without words and how the effectiveness of what people say can be helped or hindered by the various messages their language and bodies send. Only when communicators are aware of their own communicative styles and those of others can they avoid communication conflicts. Observing and respecting other people＇s communication styles during the adjustment of one＇s own communication behaviors should be an on-going task in the intercultural communication.