Resting-state brain network remodeling after different nerve reconstruction surgeries:a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in brachial plexus injury rats

Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.

Artificial intelligence-assisted repair of peripheral nerve injury: a new research hotspot and associated challenges

Artificial intelligence can be indirectly applied to the repair of peripheral nerve injury.Specifically,it can be used to analyze and process data regarding peripheral nerve injury and repair,while study findings on peripheral nerve injury and repair can provide valuable data to enrich artificial intelligence algorithms.To investigate advances in the use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis,rehabilitation,and scientific examination of peripheral nerve injury,we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the relevant literature included in the Web of Science from 1994–2023.We identified the following research hotspots in peripheral nerve injury and repair:(1)diagnosis,classification,and prognostic assessment of peripheral nerve injury using neuroimaging and artificial intelligence techniques,such as corneal confocal microscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy;(2)motion control and rehabilitation following peripheral nerve injury using artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms,such as wearable devices and assisted wheelchair systems;(3)improving the accuracy and effectiveness of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation therapy using artificial intelligence techniques combined with deep learning,such as implantable peripheral nerve interfaces;(4)the application of artificial intelligence technology to brain-machine interfaces for disabled patients and those with reduced mobility,enabling them to control devices such as networked hand prostheses;(5)artificial intelligence robots that can replace doctors in certain procedures during surgery or rehabilitation,thereby reducing surgical risk and complications,and facilitating postoperative recovery.Although artificial intelligence has shown many benefits and potential applications in peripheral nerve injury and repair,there are some limitations to this technology,such as the consequences of missing or imbalanced data,low data accuracy and reproducibility,and ethical issues(e.g.,privacy,data security,research transparency).Future research should address the issue of data collection,as large-scale,high-quality clinical datasets are required to establish effective artificial intelligence models.Multimodal data processing is also necessary,along with interdisciplinary collaboration,medical-industrial integration,and multicenter,large-sample clinical studies.

Network Meta-analysis of nerve block combined with Chinese medicine for lumbar disc herniation

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine methods(acupuncture,tui na,acupuncture knife,traditional Chinese medicine,traction)combined with nerve block treatment for lumbar disc herniation using Bayesian mesh Meta-analysis.Methods:Randomized controlled studies of TCM methods combined with nerve block for lumbar disc herniation in CNKI,Wanfang,Vip,China Biomedical Literature Library,Pubmed,Web of science,and The Cochrance Library databases were searched for the period from the establishment of each database to May 2021.2 researchers independently followed the developed nerf criteria to Screening was performed.Bayesian model mesh Meta-analysis was performed using R,RStudio,and addis-1.16.6 software.Results:Twenty-seven papers with a total of 2074 subjects were finally included,involving six interventions,namely nerve block alone,herbal medicine combined with nerve block,acupuncture combined with nerve block,acupuncture combined with nerve block,traction combined with nerve block,and tui na combined with nerve block.The results of the net analysis showed that(1)in terms of efficiency,all interventions were better than simple nerve block except for traction combined nerve block,and acupuncture,acupuncture,tui-na and Chinese medicine combined nerve block were better than traction combined nerve block respectively,and the probability ranked first for acupuncture combined nerve block.(2)On the VAS score,except for traction combined with nerve block,other interventions were superior to simple nerve block,and the combination of herbal medicine,acupuncture,and acupuncture respectively was superior to traction combined with nerve block,and the intervention with the best probability ranking result was herbal medicine combined with nerve block.(3)There was no statistical difference between the two interventions compared in terms of JOA scores,and the probability ranked first for herbal medicine combined nerve block.Conclusion:Chinese medicine combined nerve block was superior to nerve block alone,and Chinese medicine combined nerve block and acupuncture combined nerve block measures were more effective in the treatment of LDH,and traction combined nerve block was less effective.

The mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on glaucomatous optic nerve injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Based on network pharmacology,this study predicted the potential molecular mechanism and related pathways of the protective effect of traditional Chuanxiong Rhizoma,a traditional Chinese herb,on glaucomatous optic nerve injury,and conducted in vitro experimental verification of the predicted results of network analysis.We analyzed the molecular mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the potential treatment of glaucoma by revealing its main active ingredients and predicting its targets,so as to provide reference for subsequent basic research.Network pharmacological research results showed that the potential hub targets and key signaling pathways of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of glaucoma were closely related to biological processes such as apoptosis,autophagy,inflammation,oxidative stress and angiogenesis.Molecular docking showed that many active ingredients,such as chrysophanol(CHR),myricanone and retinol,could combine well with their target proteins by intermolecular forces,especially CHR had strong binding ability with each target.We speculated that the main active component of Chuanxiong Rhizoma might be involved in the regulation of PI3K-Akt,Nod-like receptor,IL-4 and IL-13,MAPK,AGE-RAGE and neurotrophin signaling pathway by regulating of PI3K,Akt,TLR4,RAGE,NTRK2 and other key targets.Furthermore,it may achieve multi-directional intervention on apoptosis/autophagy,inflammation/immunity,oxidative stress and nutrient metabolism of axoplasma flow,and then delay the degeneration of optic nerve injury.In vitro experiments showed that the active component CHR of Chuanxiong Rhizoma could reverse the M1-type polarization and autophagy/apoptosis of mouse microglia(BV2)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at the transcriptional level.Meanwhile,the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1βand TNF-αwas inhibited,and the mRNA level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased.In addition,CHR down-regulates activation of the RAGE-NOX4 pathway mediated by LPS in reducing oxidative stress.In this study,network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were integrated for the first time to explore the potential molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese herb“Chuanxiong Rhizoma”in the treatment on glaucoma,and CHR was innovatively proposed as an important ingredient in Chuanxiong Rhizoma that plays a protective role in the damage of optic nerve.Preliminary verification was conducted through in vitro experiments.The results suggest that Chuanxiong Rhizoma may interfere with autophagy and apoptosis,inhibit immune inflammation,as well as reduce oxidative stress in the treatment of glaucoma through the active components represented by CHR,so as to resist progressive optic nerve injury.Our study provides theoretical basis for the clinical use of Chinese herbal medicine or its extract in glaucoma,and also lays a solid foundation for the research of Chinese medicine in the field of optic nerve protection.

Selective deletion of zinc transporter 3 in amacrine cells promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and optic nerve regeneration after injury

Vision depends on accurate signal conduction from the retina to the brain through the optic nerve,an important part of the central nervous system that consists of bundles of axons originating from retinal ganglion cells.The mammalian optic nerve,an important part of the central nervous system,cannot regenerate once it is injured,leading to permanent vision loss.To date,there is no clinical treatment that can regenerate the optic nerve and restore vision.Our previous study found that the mobile zinc(Zn^(2+))level increased rapidly after optic nerve injury in the retina,specifically in the vesicles of the inner plexiform layer.Furthermore,chelating Zn^(2+)significantly promoted axonal regeneration with a long-term effect.In this study,we conditionally knocked out zinc transporter 3(ZnT3)in amacrine cells or retinal ganglion cells to construct two transgenic mouse lines(VGAT^(Cre)ZnT3^(fl/fl)and VGLUT2^(Cre)ZnT3^(fl/fl),respectively).We obtained direct evidence that the rapidly increased mobile Zn^(2+)in response to injury was from amacrine cells.We also found that selective deletion of ZnT3 in amacrine cells promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush injury,improved retinal ganglion cell function,and promoted vision recovery.Sequencing analysis of reginal ganglion cells revealed that inhibiting the release of presynaptic Zn^(2+)affected the transcription of key genes related to the survival of retinal ganglion cells in postsynaptic neurons,regulated the synaptic connection between amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells,and affected the fate of retinal ganglion cells.These results suggest that amacrine cells release Zn^(2+)to trigger transcriptomic changes related to neuronal growth and survival in reginal ganglion cells,thereby influencing the synaptic plasticity of retinal networks.These results make the theory of zinc-dependent retinal ganglion cell death more accurate and complete and provide new insights into the complex interactions between retinal cell networks.

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Predictive Model Combining Clinical and Radiomic Features for Short-Term Postoperative Facial Nerve Function in Acoustic Neuroma Patients

Objective This study aims to construct and validate a predictable deep learning model associated with clinical data and multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for short-term postoperative facial nerve function in patients with acoustic neuroma.Methods A total of 110 patients with acoustic neuroma who underwent surgery through the retrosigmoid sinus approach were included.Clinical data and raw features from four MRI sequences(T1-weighted,T2-weighted,T1-weighted contrast enhancement,and T2-weighted-Flair images)were analyzed.Spearman correlation analysis along with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to screen combined clinical and radiomic features.Nomogram,machine learning,and convolutional neural network(CNN)models were constructed to predict the prognosis of facial nerve function on the seventh day after surgery.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate model performance.A total of 1050 radiomic parameters were extracted,from which 13 radiomic and 3 clinical features were selected.Results The CNN model performed best among all prediction models in the test set with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.89(95%CI,0.84–0.91).Conclusion CNN modeling that combines clinical and multi-sequence MRI radiomic features provides excellent performance for predicting short-term facial nerve function after surgery in patients with acoustic neuroma.As such,CNN modeling may serve as a potential decision-making tool for neurosurgery.

A double-network hydrogel for the dynamic compression of the lumbar nerve root

Current animal models of nerve root compression due to lumbar disc herniation only assess the mechanical compression of nerve roots and the inflammatory response. Moreover, the pressure applied in these models is static, meaning that the nerve root cannot be dynamically compressed. This is very different from the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation. In this study, a chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel was prepared by a simple two-step method. The swelling ratio of the double-network hydrogel increased with prolonged time, reaching 140. The compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogel reached 53.6 and 0.34 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the hydrogel's crosslinked structure with many interconnecting pores. An MTT assay demonstrated that the number of viable cells in contact with the hydrogel extracts did not significantly change relative to the control surface. Thus, the hydrogel had good biocompatibility. Finally, the double-network hydrogel was used to compress the L4 nerve root of male sand rats to simulate lumbar disc herniation nerve root compression. The hydrogel remained in its original position after compression, and swelled with increasing time. Edema appeared around the nerve root and disappeared 3 weeks after operation. This chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel has potential as a new implant material for animal models of lumbar nerve root compression. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Neurosurgical Institute of Beijing, Capital Medical University, China(approval No. 201601006) on July 29, 2016.

Sciatic nerve injury repair: a visualized analysis of research fronts and development trends

A total of 3,446 publications regarding sciatic nerve injury repair and protection indexed by Web of Science during 2000-2004 were used for a detailed analysis of temporal-spatial distribu- tion characteristics. Reference co-citation networks of the 100 top-cited publications as per the number of total citations were created using the Web of Science database and the information visualization tool, CiteSpaceIIL The key words that showed high frequency in these publications were included for analyzing the research fronts and development trends for sciatic nerve injury repair and protection. Through word frequency trend analysis, studies on bone marrow mesen- chymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cells combined with tissue-engineered scaffold material will become the forefronts in the field of sci- atic nerve injury repair and protection in the near future.

Autonomic nervous system network and liver regeneration

To date, various signal transducers, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones have been reported to play an important role in homeostasis of various organs. Various cells and organs are involved in the hepatic regeneration process, which proceeds as a result of the coordination of many factors. While these factors are well known to be involved in the liver regeneration after the liver injury, however, as the details of such mechanisms have not been sufficiently elucidated, the practical applicability of hepatic regeneration based on the action of these and cytokines growth factors is still unclear. In terms of the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in hepatic regeneration, cell proliferation resulting from direct signal transduction to the liver has also been reported and recent studies focusing on the inter-organ communication via neural network opened a novel aspect of this field for therapeutic applicability. Therefore, the appropriate understanding of the relationship between autonomic neural network and liver regeneration through various organs including brain, afferent nerve, efferent nerve, etc. is essential. This mini-review explains the principle of neural system involved in the inter-organ communication and its contribution on the liver regeneration upon the liver injury reviewing recent progress in this field.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals essential microRNAs after peripheral nerve injury

Studies have shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) mediate posttranscriptional regulation of target genes and participate in various physiological and pathological processes, including peripheral nerve injury. However, it is hard to select key miRNAs with essential biological functions among a large number of differentially expressed miRNAs. Previously, we collected injured sciatic nerve stumps at multiple time points after nerve crush injury, examined gene changes at different stages(acute, sub-acute, and post-acute), and obtained mRNA expression profiles. Here, we jointly analyzed mRNAs and miRNAs, and investigated upstream miRNAs of differentially expressed mRNAs using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis bioinformatic software. A total of 31, 42, 30, and 23 upstream miRNAs were identified at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after rat sciatic nerve injury, respectively. Temporal expression patterns and biological involvement of commonly involved upstream miRNAs(miR-21, let-7, miR-223, miR-10 b, miR-132, miR-15 b, miR-127, miR-29 a, miR-29 b, and miR-9) were then determined at multiple time points. Expression levels of miR-21, miR-132, miR-29 a, and miR-29 b were robustly increased after sciatic nerve injury. Biological processes involving these miRNAs include multicellular organismal response to stress, positive regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation, and regulation of myocardial tissue growth. Moreover, we constructed mechanistic networks of let-7, miR-21, and miR-223, the most significantly involved upstream miRNAs. Our findings reveal that multiple upstream miRNAs(i.e., let-7, miR-21, and miR-223) were associated with gene expression changes in rat sciatic nerve stumps after nerve injury, and these miRNAs play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province of China(approval No. 20190303-18) on March 3, 2019.

Protein microarray analysis of cytokine expression changes in distal stumps after sciatic nerve transection

A large number of chemokines,cytokines,other trophic factors and the extracellular matrix molecules form a favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration.This microenvironment is one of the major factors for regenerative success.Therefore,it is important to investigate the key molecules and regulators affecting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.However,the identities of specific cytokines at various time points after sciatic nerve injury have not been determined.The study was performed by transecting the sciatic nerve to establish a model of peripheral nerve injury and to analyze,by protein microarray,the expression of different cytokines in the distal nerve after injury.Results showed a large number of cytokines were up-regulated at different time points post injury and several cytokines,e.g.,ciliary neurotrophic factor,were downregulated.The construction of a protein-protein interaction network was used to screen how the proteins interacted with differentially expressed cytokines.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene ontology analyses indicated that the differentially expressed cytokines were significantly associated with chemokine signaling pathways,Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and notch signaling pathway.The cytokines involved in inflammation,immune response and cell chemotaxis were up-regulated initially and the cytokines involved in neuronal apoptotic processes,cell-cell adhesion,and cell proliferation were up-regulated at 28 days after injury.Western blot analysis showed that the expression and changes of hepatocyte growth factor,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor were consistent with the results of protein microarray analysis.The results provide a comprehensive understanding of changes in cytokine expression and changes in these cytokines and classical signaling pathways and biological functions during Wallerian degeneration,as well as a basis for potential treatments of peripheral nerve injury.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital,China(approval number:2016-x9-07)in September 2016.

Immunobiology of Facial Nerve Repair and Regeneration

Immunobiological study is a key to revealing the important basis of facial nerve repair and regeneration for both research and development of clinic treatments. The microenvironmental changes around an injuried facial motoneuron, i.e., the aggregation and expression of various types of immune cells and molecules in a dynamic equilibrium, impenetrate from the start to the end of the repair of an injured facial nerve. The concept of 'immune microenvironment for facial nerve repair and regeneration', mainly concerns with the dynamic exchange between expression and regulation networks and a variaty of immune cells and immune molecules in the process of facial nerve repair and regeneration for the maintenance of a immune microenvironment favorable for nerve repair. Investigation on microglial activation and recruitment, T cell behavior, cytokine networks, and immunological cellular and molecular signaling pathways in facial nerve repair and regeneration are the current hot spots in the research on immunobiology of facial nerve injury. The current paper provides a comprehensive review of the above mentioned issues. Research of these issues will eventually make immunological interventions practicable treatments for facial nerve injury in the clinic.

Brain functional remodeling caused by sciatic nerve transposition repair in rats identified by multiplemodel resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis

Lower extremity nerve transposition repair has become an important treatment strategy for peripheral nerve injury;however, brain changes caused by this surgical procedure remain unclear. In this study, the distal stump of the right sciatic nerve in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury was connected to the proximal end of the left sciatic nerve using a chitin conduit. Neuroelectrophysiological test showed that the right lower limb displayed nerve conduction, and the structure of myelinated nerve fibers recovered greatly. Muscle wet weight of the anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius recovered as well. Multiple-model resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed functional remodeling in multiple brain regions and the re-establishment of motor and sensory functions through a new reflex arc. These findings suggest that sciatic nerve transposition repair induces brain functional remodeling. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital on December 9, 2015(approval No. 2015-50).

Transcriptome analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying facial nerve injury repair in rats

Although the transcriptional alterations inside the facial nucleus after facial nerve injury have been well studied,the gene expression changes in the facial nerve trunk after injury are still unknown.In this study,we established an adult rat model of facial nerve crush injury by compressing the right lateral extracranial nerve trunk.Transcriptome sequencing,differential gene expression analysis,and cluster analysis of the injured facial nerve trunk were performed,and 39 intersecting genes with significant variance in expression were identified.Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the 39 intersecting genes revealed that these genes are mostly involved in leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and phagocytosis and have essential roles in regulating nerve repair.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to validate the expression of pivotal genes.Finally,nine pivotal genes that contribute to facial nerve recovery were identified,including Arhgap30,Akr1b8,C5ar1,Csf2ra,Dock2,Hcls1,Inpp5d,Sla,and Spi1.Primary Schwann cells were isolated from the sciatic nerve of neonatal rats.After knocking down Akr1b8 in Schwann cells with an Akr1b8-specific small interfering RNA plasmid,expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 were decreased,while cell proliferation and migration were not obviously altered.These findings suggest that Akr1b8 likely regulates the interaction between Schwann cells and macrophages through regulation of cytokine expression to promote facial nerve regeneration.This study is the first to reveal a transcriptome change in the facial nerve trunk after facial nerve injury,thereby revealing the potential mechanism underlying repair of facial nerve injury.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University,China in 2018(approval No.S20180923-007).

不同镇痛方法用于髋部或股骨干骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位时镇痛效果的网状Meta分析

目的采用网状Meta分析系统评价不同镇痛方法用于髋部或股骨干骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位时的镇痛效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方,检索时间为建库至2022年8月,纳入髋部或股骨干骨折患者摆放体位和椎管内麻醉时实施镇痛的随机对照研究。由两名研究员独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和偏倚风险评价,采用Stata 17.0和RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,患者1773例。累计排序概率曲线下面积(SUCRA)显示,降低摆放体位时VAS疼痛评分PENG阻滞(94.4%)效果最佳,其次是FIB联合IVA(83.8%)和FIB(71.1%);降低椎管内麻醉时VAS疼痛评分PENG阻滞(98.2%)效果最佳,其次是FIB(71.1%)和FNB(55.6%);缩短椎管内麻醉操作时间PENG阻滞(84.1%)效果最佳,其次是FNB(70.7%)和FIB(68.5%);升高体位摆放质量评分PENG阻滞(99.1%)效果最佳,其次是FIB(73.1%)和FNB(52.9%)。结论神经阻滞或神经阻滞联合IVA可降低髋部或股骨干骨折患者体位摆放和椎管内麻醉时VAS疼痛评分、缩短麻醉操作时间和升高体位摆放质量评分。PENG阻滞对髋部或股骨干骨折患者摆放体位和椎管内麻醉时实施镇痛的效果最佳。

肉毒毒素治疗局灶型肌张力障碍中枢神经系统机制的影像学研究进展

肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin,BoNT)是目前治疗局灶型肌张力障碍的一线方法,其机制为化学性去神经支配引起肌肉麻痹。近期神经影像学研究发现,BoNT亦可影响肌张力障碍患者脑内的神经可塑性,但具体的中枢神经系统机制尚未完全阐明。本文从功能磁共振成像、结构磁共振成像、正电子发射断层成像3个方面,对BoNT可能的中枢神经系统作用机制进行综述,揭示了BoNT可通过影响皮质、基底神经节、丘脑、小脑等脑区的功能连接、微观结构、代谢水平,以改善肌张力障碍患者的症状,为进一步探索肌张力障碍的发生机制和研发潜在的干预靶点提供理论参考。

人工智能在脊髓神经损伤与修复领域研究热点的可视化分析

背景:近年来人工智能逐渐兴起,在多方面应用于脊髓神经损伤与修复领域,对临床治疗也有诸多积极影响。目的:研究人工智能在脊髓神经损伤与修复领域的诊断、治疗和康复中的应用进展,明确该领域的研究热点和不足,为今后研究工作提供建议。方法:在Web of Science核心集数据库检索建库至2023年收录的人工智能在脊髓神经损伤与修复领域相关文献,使用CiteSpace 6.1.R6和VOSviewer 1.6.19软件对文献数据进行一般文献学分析、文献共被引、期刊共被引、期刊双图叠加及关键词聚类等可视化分析。结果与结论:①共筛选出1713篇文章,此领域年发文量呈波动上升趋势,其中美国占据主导地位,Kadone Hideki是发文量最多的作者,《ARCH PHYS MED REHAB》是被引用次数最多的期刊。②关键词共现和聚类分析显示,去除与检索词相近的关键词后,主要关键词被分为3个主要集群:外骨骼与运动康复(为最大核心热点)、机器学习和神经可塑性、机器人和康复训练。③关键词爆发分析显示,深度学习和人工智能在过去5年中已成为突发术语。④文献共被引和高被引文献分析结果显示,人工智能在脊髓神经损伤与修复领域热点集中于动力外骨骼(powered exoskeleton)、步态(gait)、神经电刺激(electrical nerve stimulation)、皮质内脑机接口(intracortical brain-computer interface,IBCI)、机器人(robot)、高分子生物材料(polymer biomaterials)及神经干细胞(neural stem cell)等内容。⑤人工智能在脊髓神经损伤与修复领域的研究近年来呈现上升趋势,该领域的关注点从外骨骼、电刺激等单一的治疗手段,逐渐向智能化、精准化和个性化等方向转变。⑥该领域存在一些局限性,例如数据缺失或不平衡的后果、数据准确性和可重复性低以及伦理问题(如隐私、研究透明度和临床可靠性等),未来的研究应该解决数据收集的问题,需要大样本、高质量的临床数据集来建立有效的人工智能模型;同时该领域的基因组学等机制研究十分薄弱,未来可利用类脑芯片等多种机器学习技术,运用基因编辑治疗及单细胞空间转录组等方法,进行再生相关基因上调和轴突生长结构蛋白产生等基础机制研究。

不同中药注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的网状Meta分析

目的:运用网状Meta分析不同中药注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的疗效和安全性。方法:基于PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),检索中药注射液治疗DPN的随机对照试验(RCTs),将临床总有效率作为主要结局指标,正中和腓总的感觉神经传导速度(SCV)及运动神经传导速度(MCV)、空腹血糖(FBG)及不良反应作为次要结局指标。采用Cochrane评价手册5.3风险偏倚评估工具进行质量评价及RevMan 5.4.1及Stata 17软件进行数据分析。结果:共纳入76项RCTs,包括6 108例患者,11种中药注射液。网状Meta分析结果显示,丹参多酚酸盐注射液联合西药在提高临床总有效率和改善FBG水平方面疗效最佳;苦碟子注射液联合西药在改善正中神经及腓总神经的SCV、正中神经MCV方面疗效最佳;血塞通注射液联合西药在改善腓总神经MCV方面疗效最佳;在安全性方面,中药注射液联合西药与单纯西药治疗比较差异无统计学意义。结论:中药注射液联合西药与单纯西药治疗比较可提高DPN临床疗效,且未增加不良反应的发生。

基于网络药理学研究红景天苷治疗新生小鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤的作用机制

目的采用网络药理学和实验验证探讨红景天苷治疗新生小鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)的作用机制。方法利用PubChem、pharm Mapper、Swiss Target Prediction和Similarity Ensemble Approach数据库检索并预测红景天苷作用靶点,借助DisGeNET、GeneCards和OMIM数据库获得HIBD疾病作用相关靶点,绘制韦恩图确定交集基因;将交集基因导入STRING平台构建蛋白质相互作用网络,结合STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件做可视化处理,筛选作用靶点,通过拓扑网络分析得到核心靶点;利用DAVID数据库行潜在作用靶点GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。构建新生小鼠HIBD模型,设置假手术组、缺氧缺血组、安慰剂组和红景天苷组,分别采用TTC染色和HE染色评估新生小鼠脑损伤;借助Western blot检测与细胞凋亡相关蛋白及PI3K/Akt信号相关蛋白的表达;利用Y迷宫实验、拉力测试和角落实验验证红景天苷改善小鼠行为学表现的效果。结果网络药理学分析显示,共筛选获得有效药物靶点176个,有效疾病靶点2173个,“药物-疾病”交集靶点61个,核心靶点10个;KEGG通路富集分析发现红景天苷的作用机制与PI3K/Akt信号通路相关;动物实验发现,与缺氧缺血组比较,红景天苷可促进HIBD小鼠p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt表达,提升Bcl-2/Bax表达水平,抑制Cleaved-caspase-3的表达,减轻皮层神经元和海马神经元损伤,减少小鼠HIBD诱导的脑梗死体积和脑萎缩,提高小鼠记忆和运动能力(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论红景天苷通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路改善神经元凋亡,可用于治疗新生小鼠HIBD。

神经网络融合多源信息的列车测速方法研究

地铁列车自主测速定位的准确性与可靠性是保障其行车安全和效率的先决条件。在目前常用地铁列车测速方法的基础上,研究传感器的选型以及相应多源数据融合算法,提出运用人工神经网络融合光电式传感器、多普勒雷达传感器以及加速度计的地铁列车智能测速方法。该方法充分利用人工神经网络的自学习、自适应、非线性的能力,选用光电式传感器、多普勒雷达、加速度计这三种传感器的实测数据作为其输入,选取RBF人工神经网络智能融合快速寻优,自适应地调整它们的实测数据权重,从而得到地铁列车的实时速度值,以期达到进一步提高列车测速的精确性与可靠性的目的。