Arnol＇d＇s Second Nonlinear Stability Theorem for General Multilayer Quasi－geostrophic Model

Arnol'd's second nonlinear stability criterion for motions governed by a general multilayer quasi-geostrophic model is established. The model allows arbitrary density jumps and layer thickness, and at the top and the bottom of the nuid, the boundary condition is either free or rigid. The criterion is obtained by the establishment of the upper bounds of disturbance energy and potential enstrophy in terms of the initial disturbance field.

Multi-layer Tectonic Model for Intraplate Deformation and Plastic-Flow Network in the Asian Continental Lithosphere

In a large area of the east—central Asian continent there is a unified seismic network system composed of two families of large—seismic belts that intersect conjugately. Such a seismic network in the middle—upper crust is actually a response to the plastic flow network in the lower lithosphere including the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. The existence of the unified plastic flow system confirms that the driving force for intraplate tectonic deformation results mainly from the compression of the India plate, while the long-range transmission of the force is carried out chiefly by means of plastic flow. The plastic flow network has a control over the intraplate tectonic deformation.

NEW MODEL OF GAS FLOW PROBLEM IN MULTI-LAYERED GAS RESERVOIR AND APPLICATION

In this paper, the new model of the real gas filtration problem has been presented multi-layered gas reservoir, when a gas well output and wellbore storage may be variable, and have obtained the exact solutions of pressure distribution for each reservoir bed under three kinds of typical out-boundary conditions. As a special case, according to the new model have also obtained the qxact solutions of presssure distribution in homogeneous reservoir and is given important application in gas reservoir development.

Three-Dimensional Modelling of a Multi-Layer Sandstone Reservoir： the Sebei Gas Field, China

Multi-layer sandstone reservoirs occur globally and are currently in international production. The 3D characteristics of these reservoirs are too complicated to be accurately delineated by general structural-facies-reservoir modelling. In view of the special geological features, such as the vertical architecture of sandstone and mudstone interbeds, the lateral stable sedimentation and the strong heterogeneity of reservoir poroperm and fluid distribution, we developed a new three-stage and six-phase procedure for 3D characterization of multi-layer sandstone reservoirs. The procedure comprises two-phase structural modelling, two-phase facies modelling and modelling of two types of reservoir properties. Using this procedure, we established models of the formation structure, sand body structure and microfacies, reservoir facies and properties including porosity, permeability and gas saturation and provided a 3D fine-scale, systematic characterization of the Sebei multi-layer sandstone gas field, China. This new procedure, validated by the Sebei gas field, can be applied to characterize similar multi-layer sandstone reservoirs.

Convective transport of nanoparticles in multi-layer fluid flow

Technologically, multi-layer fluid models are important in understanding fluid-fluid or fluid-nanoparticle interactions and their effects on flow and heat transfer characteristics. However, to the best of the authors＇ knowledge, little attention has been paid to the study of three-layer fluid models with nanofluids. Therefore, a three-layer fluid flow model with nanofluids is formulated in this paper. The governing coupled nonlinear differential equations of the problem are non-dimensionalized by using appropriate fundamental quantities. The resulting multi-point boundary value problem is solved numerically by quasi-linearization and Richardson＇s extrapolation with modified boundary conditions. The effects of the model parameters on the flow and heat transfer are obtained and analyzed. The results show that an increase in the nanoparticle concentration in the base fluid can modify the fluid-velocity at the interface of the two fluids and reduce the shear not only at the surface of the clear fluid but also at the interface between them. That is, nanofluids play a vital role in modifying the flow phenomena. Therefore, one can use nanofluids to obtain the desired qualities for the multi-fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics.

Design of multi-layered porous fibrous metals for optimal sound absorption in the low frequency range

We present a design method for calculating and optimizing sound absorption coefficient of multi-layered porous fibrous metals （PFM） in the low frequency range. PFM is simplified as an equivalent idealized sheet with all metallic fibers aligned in one direction and distributed in periodic hexagonal patterns. We use a phenomenological model in the literature to investigate the effects of pore geometrical parameters （fiber diameter and gap） on sound absorption performance. The sound absorption coefficient of multi- layered PFMs is calculated using impedance translation theorem, To demonstrate the validity of the present model, we compare the predicted results with the experimental data. With the average sound absorption （low frequency range） as the objective function and the fiber gaps as the design variables, an optimization method for multi-layered fibrous metals is proposed. A new fibrous layout with given porosity of multi-layered fibrous metals is suggested to achieve optimal low frequency sound absorption. The sound absorption coefficient of the optimal multi-layered fibrous metal is higher than the single- layered fibrous metal, and a significant effect of the fibrous material on sound absorption is found due to the surface Dorosity of the multi-layered fibrous.

Energy Absorption Diagrams of Multi-layer Corrugated Boards

Based on the static compression experiments, the compressive stress-strain curve of multi-layer corrugated boards is simplified into three sections of linear elasticity, sub-buckling going with local collapse and densification. By considering the structure factors of multi-layer corrugated boards, the energy absorption model is obtained and characterized by the structure factors of corrugated cell-wall. The model is standardized by the solid modulus and it is universal for corrugated structures of different basis material. In the liner-elastic section, with the increase of the load, the energy absorption per unit volume of multi-layer corrugated boards gradually increases; in the sub-buckling section going with local collapse, the compression resistance of multi-layer corrugated boards goes on under a nearly constant load, but the energy absorption per unit volume rapidly increases with the increase of the compression strain. It is shown as an ascending curve in the energy absorption diagram. In the densification section, the corrugated sandwich core has no energy absorption capability. A good consistency is achieved between theoretical and experimental energy absorption curves. In designing the cushioning package, the cushioning properties can be evaluated by the theoretical model without more experiments. The suggested method to develop the energy absorption diagram for corrugated boards can be used to characterize the cushioning properties and optimize the structures of corrugated sandwich structures.

基于多层感知机模型的长三角水稻种植区净生态系统碳通量模拟

中国长江三角洲地区(以下简称长三角地区)是典型的水稻种植区,其碳源汇对区域气候和环境具有重要影响。本文系统地分析了长三角地区净生态系统碳交换量(net ecosystem exchange,NEE)与各个气象因子之间的关系,发现NEE与太阳短波辐射的相关性最强,其次与湿度相关参量(饱和水汽压差、相对湿度)等呈现较强的相关性。同时,NEE与太阳辐射、气温、湿度因子、风速和摩擦速度的相关性呈现明显的昼夜变化。基于上述分析,本文利用NEE和气象观测数据构建了长三角水稻下垫面多层感知机(Multilayer perceptron,MLP)NEE模拟模型,评估了模型的模拟效果及其时空稳定性。构建的MLP模型能较好地拟合NEE,训练集模拟的NEE与观测值的相关系数达到0.88,均方根误差为5.34μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);MLP模型在模拟长三角水稻季NEE时表现良好,在东台和寿县站点的模拟NEE结果与观测值的相关系数均高于0.78,模型具有较好的时空稳定性;MLP模型模拟白天平均NEE的效果好于夜间平均NEE的效果。研究结果揭示了影响水稻碳循环的主要气象因子,为认识长三角水稻种植区碳循环时空分布特征提供支撑,对准确评估全球和区域碳通量具有重要意义。

New perspective in statistical modeling of wall-bounded turbulence

Despite dedicated effort for many decades,statistical description of highly technologically important wall turbulence remains a great challenge.Current models are unfortunately incomplete,or empirical,or qualitative.After a review of the existing theories of wall turbulence,we present a new framework,called the structure ensemble dynamics （SED）,which aims at integrating the turbulence dynamics into a quantitative description of the mean flow.The SED theory naturally evolves from a statistical physics understanding of non-equilibrium open systems,such as fluid turbulence, for which mean quantities are intimately coupled with the fluctuation dynamics.Starting from the ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes（EANS） equations,the theory postulates the existence of a finite number of statistical states yielding a multi-layer picture for wall turbulence.Then,it uses order functions（ratios of terms in the mean momentum as well as energy equations） to characterize the states and transitions between states.Application of the SED analysis to an incompressible channel flow and a compressible turbulent boundary layer shows that the order functions successfully reveal the multi-layer structure for wall-bounded turbulence, which arises as a quantitative extension of the traditional view in terms of sub-layer,buffer layer,log layer and wake. Furthermore,an idea of using a set of hyperbolic functions for modeling transitions between layers is proposed for a quantitative model of order functions across the entire flow domain.We conclude that the SED provides a theoretical framework for expressing the yet-unknown effects of fluctuation structures on the mean quantities,and offers new methods to analyze experimental and simulation data.Combined with asymptotic analysis,it also offers a way to evaluate convergence of simulations.The SED approach successfully describes the dynamics at both momentum and energy levels, in contrast with all prevalent approaches describing the mean velocity profile only.Moreover,the SED theoretical framework is general,independent of the flow system to study, while the actual functional form of the order functions may vary from flow to flow.We assert that as the knowledge of order functions is accumulated and as more flows are analyzed, new principles（such as hierarchy,symmetry,group invariance,etc.） governing the role of turbulent structures in the mean flow properties will be clarified and a viable theory of turbulence might emerge.

大学生社会适应发展趋势的多层线性模型研究

目的:以多层线性模型的方法探究大学生社会适应的发展趋势及其个体间的差异。方法:采用中国大学生适应量表(CCSAS)对2994名大学生进行了社会适应的现状及发展研究,并从各个学院共选取了665名学生作为对象,进行为期1年的追踪调查,最后用HLM软件进行数据分析。结果:①大学生社会适应的总体是中等偏上的,并存在性别上的显著差异(t=-4.863,P<0.001);②社会适应水平随时间发展有显著的上升趋势,平均上升速度为0.185(SE=0.052,P<0.01);③性别(t=-2.631,P<0.01)和民族(t=-2.516,P<0.05)对大学生的社会适应具有显著的预测作用。结论:大学生社会适应水平会随时间发展呈现上升趋势。

多源多层土壤湿度实时同化及在实时洪水预报中的应用

准确获取流域土壤湿度(MS)的初始值及过程状态,对提高实时洪水预报精度具有重要意义和实用价值。从新安江模型参数的物理意义出发,基于站点墒情数据和CLDAS土壤湿度数据构建点面转换模型(WKNN),将点面转换后的实时面尺度MS作为观测数据,采用集合卡尔曼滤波法同化新安江模型预报的MS过程,在五强溪区间流域进行实时洪水预报应用。结果表明:WKNN作为点面转换工具,能够捕捉到不同土层MS的点面关系,具有较好的适用性;较不同化模式,多层MS同化后的平均径流深相对误差下降了12.67%,平均确定性系数提高了41.82%;MS的实时同化可以显著降低汛初期洪水的预报误差,提高洪水预报精度,且多层同化较单一层同化效果更优。

山区铁路“隧道-环境”关键绿色要素研究

研究目的:山区地质条件复杂、环境敏感脆弱,致使铁路隧道修建在环境保护、水土保持等方面任务艰巨,降低隧道建设对区域环境的扰动、平衡隧道建设与环境稳态之间的关系势在必行。为明确“隧道-环境”绿色协调发展的关键节点,以制定针对性策略降低隧道建设对区域环境的不利影响,提出一种基于多层耦合网络模型的山区铁路“隧道-环境”关键绿色要素分析方法。研究结论:(1)在明晰山区铁路“隧道-环境”交互影响关系的基础上,构建包含隧道绿色要素、接口要素、环境要素的要素体系,运用多层耦合网络模型,将各要素抽象为不同层次网络的节点,并建立各节点层内层间的有机联系,可为实现“隧道-环境”交互影响关系的定量表达建立基础;(2)以某山区铁路隧道工程为例,运用网络节点重要性评估方法,识别出7个关键绿色要素:隧道断面尺寸、隧道掘进长度、隧道爆破方式、隧道通风方式、隧道衬砌防水设计、隧道注浆堵水、隧道通风设备布设,应对其进行优化控制;(3)研究结果符合工程实际,验证了模型的适用性,可为明确降低山区铁路隧道建设对区域环境胁迫效应的着力点提供评判依据。

基于多层时序网络模型的中国机场网络特征分析

为克服静态网络模型在分析动态系统时出现网络结构特性反映不全面和数据表达失真的问题,引入时间属性,提出一种基于时序复杂网络模型的中国机场网络(CAN)结构分析方法。通过分析节点时序度、时序度中心性、时序介数中心性和时序接近中心性等网络特征指标,探究中国机场时序网络的结构特征,筛选和排序网络中的重要机场节点,并分析异质节点产生的原因。结果表明:CAN结构呈现出无标度网络特性;CAN的平均时序距离值差距较大,最大值是最小值的6.06倍;乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场(ZWWW)、呼和浩特白塔国际机场(ZBHH)的时序介数中心性相对其他指标较高,其在网络中起到重要的中心作用,而深圳宝安国际机场(ZGSZ)相对其他指标具有较高的时序度中心性。

基于视觉注意VGGNet的中厚板低碳钢多层多道熔池分类模型

重大装备制造中厚板机器人多层多道焊(multi-layer and multi-pass welding,MLMPW)一直是热点和难点,而实现机器人MLMPW的核心是对其熔池的获取、监控并分类.为了提高MLMPW的自动化和智能化,有必要开发一个熔池图像在线分类系统.针对焊接过程中的熔池图像提出了一种新的MLMPW熔池分类方法——基于视觉注意的(SENet)VGGNet熔池分类方法.为了提高效率和精度,引入迁移学习中的预训练模型到网络训练过程中.因为针对中厚板多层多道熔池研究较少,导致熔池公开数据集较少,为了应对这一问题,需要对数据集进行增广.结果表明,提出的模型可快速有效的对七类MLMPW熔池进行准确分类,预测精度可达到98.39%.

多层连接结构的轴向应力分布的数值计算与试验

为了解多层连接结构的轴向应力分布,从双层法兰螺栓连接结构连接轴向载荷分布着手,建立了被连接件轴向应力分布的中空椭球体分布模型,推导出被连接件的轴向连接刚度理论表达式;并进行了连接结构扭矩与预紧力关系的试验及压力分布测试试验;将该模型应用于航空发动机多层法兰连接结构,采用数值模型和试验方法对中空椭球体模型进行验证。结果表明:测试试验件预紧力与力矩呈正相关,且拧紧系数约为0.2,可满足工程中无润滑条件下螺栓拧紧力矩系数的经验值;连接界面接触范围随扭矩的增大先增大到一定范围后保持不变;与被连接件轴向应力分布的试验测试结果相比,采用改进的中空椭球体模型和原中空圆锥体模型的计算结果的最大误差分别为9.42%和21.97%,证明了改进的中空椭球体分布模型的精度较高。

基于CNN-LSTM电力消耗预测模型及系统开发

有效预测电能负荷,对提高电力负荷时间序列测量准确度及合理制定用电能管理措施具有重要意义。针对传统预测模型在电能负荷预测中无法充分挖掘时间序列数据中隐藏特征的问题,基于电能数据时间序列的趋势,融合数值信息提出一种卷积神经网络(convolutional neuralnetwork,CNN)与长期短期记忆循环神经网络(long short-term memory network,LSTM)相结合的混合多隐层CNN-LSTM电力能耗预测模型。首先,通过设定最小目标函数作为优化目标,Adam优化算法更新神经网络的权重,并对网络层和批大小进行自适应调优以确定最佳层数和批大小。其次,构建混合多隐层模型并进行隐层组合优化与讨论,确定最佳时间维度的参数,进行时间维度的特征学习进而预测下一时间序列的耗电量。然后以某公司的电力负荷数据为例进行验证,并与LSTM、CNN、RNN等模型的预测结果分析比较。结果表明上述混合多隐层模型预测准确度达98.94%,平均绝对误差(MAE)达到0.0066,均优于其他相关模型,证明以上混合预测模型在电力负荷预测精度方面具有更好的性能。基于上述理论,开发了能耗监控决策系统,实现设备状态实时监控和能耗智能预测功能,为解决传统制造业能耗需求不精确和能源库存浪费问题提供参考和指导。

考虑OD需求聚类的区域多层公路交通网络混合路径诱导模型

随着交通出行需求的快速增长,我国高速公路网络面临的运输压力日渐增加,经常出现严重的交通拥堵现象。为了缓解高速公路交通拥堵,并实施更有针对性的交通管控措施,提出了考虑OD需求聚类的区域多层公路交通网络混合路径诱导模型。首先,利用湖南省高速公路以及国道、省道的地理信息数据构建区域多层公路交通网络。然后,根据OD对间距离和OD交通量的差异,利用K-均值聚类算法对OD对进行聚类分析,将OD对划分为3个不同的类别。最后,应用遗传算法筛选出各类OD对中对拥堵贡献较大的出行群体,并建立有针对性的混合路径诱导模型,对拥堵贡献较大和拥堵贡献较小的出行群体分别应用不同的路径诱导方案。当OD需求扩样系数设置为6时,对OD对聚类可以将总出行成本进一步降低35186.03 min。在不进行OD对聚类时,使用规划路径的出行总数为79140,而实施OD对聚类后,使用规划路径的出行总数为70374。使用诱导路径的出行的平均出行时间由121.47 min下降为85.61 min,极少数出行(3.75%)的时间增加,且增加最大值低于3 min。对多个不同扩样系数进行敏感性分析进一步说明了考虑OD需求聚类的混合路径诱导模型具有良好的拥堵缓解效果。考虑OD需求聚类的区域多层公路交通网络混合路径诱导模型可以用于识别对拥堵贡献较大的关键出行群体,进而制定有针对性的路径诱导策略,在缓解高速公路交通拥堵的同时能够减少对大多数出行者的影响,降低路径诱导策略的实施难度。另外,研究结果还表明:对出行距离较长的出行群体实施路径诱导能够更加有效地缓解区域多层公路交通网络中的交通拥堵。

多园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网双层优化调度研究

随着园区综合能源系统的不断发展与普及,其与上级大电网并网实现交互已成为大势所趋。文中构建了通过联络线相耦合的多园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网的双层优化调度模型。在主动配电网层面,以最小运行成本为目标,充分考虑了联络线功率、分布式电源、储能设备、柔性负荷、电动汽车等可调度资源;在园区层面,以多园区总运行成本最小为目标,考虑了相互联结的多类型园区的并网情况。利用目标级联法对双层模型进行求解。通过算例验证,文中所构建模型具有良好的经济特性与削峰填谷效果,充分证明了文中所提模型的经济性与有效性。

基于多层水平变化浅海海底模型的低频反演方法

准确获取海底声学参数对声场分析、声纳应用等具有重要意义.反演是获取海底声学参数的重要手段之一.为了避免反演中的多值问题,地声反演往往尽量减少待反演参数,多采用单层或双层水平不变地声模型,反演后的声学参数仅能在有限频段应用,难以同时应用于较宽频段.本文以实验中浅地层剖面仪测量的海底沉积层分层结构为基础建立地声模型,采用多物理量分步联合手段反演各沉积层声学参数,并通过匹配场定位、后验概率分析、采样等手段对反演结果进行验证.将反演结果与单层等效地声模型反演结果进行对比分析,结果说明,本文建立的多层水平变化海底声学参数更接近真实情况,可以应用在较宽频段范围,解释不同声学现象,且精度更高.

嵌入式机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计

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