GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Techniques to Derive Flood Risks Management on Rice Productivity in Gishari Marshland

Floods are phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications mainly for human loss, agriculture, livestock, soil loss and land degradation, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies by analyzing their temporal and spatial development. This study therefore attempts to employ the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniques to derive the flood risks management on rice productivity in the Gishari Agricultural Marshland in Rwamagana district, Rwanda. Here, six influencing potential factors to flooding, including river slope, soil texture, Land Use Land Cover through Land Sat 8, rainfall, river distance and Digital Elevation Model are considered for the delineation of flood risk zones. Data acquisition like Landsat 8 images, DEM, land use land cover, slope, and soil class in the study area were considered. Results showed that if the DEM is outdated or inaccurate due to changes in the terrain, such as construction, excavation, or erosion, the predicted flood patterns might not reflect the actual water flow. This could result unexpected flood extents and depths, potentially inundating rice fields that were not previously at risk and this, expectedly explained that the increase 1 m in elevation would reduce the rice productivity by 0.17% due to unplanned flood risks in marshland. It was found that the change in rainfall distribution in Gishari agricultural marshland would also decrease the rice productivity by 0.0018%, which is a sign that rainfall is a major factor of flooding in rice scheme. Rainfall distribution plays a crucial role in flooding analysis and can directly impact rice productivity. Oppositely, another causal factor was Land Use Land Cover (LULC), where the Multivariate Logistic Regression Model Analysis findings showed that the increase of one unit in Land Use Land Cover would increase rice productivity by 0.17% of the total rice productivity from the Gishari Agricultural Marshland. Based on findings from these techniques, the Gishari Agricultural Marshlands having steeped land with grassland is classified into five classes of flooding namely very low, low, moderate, high, and very high which include 430%, 361%, 292%, 223%, and 154%. Government of Rwanda and other implementing agencies and major key actors have to contribute on soil and water conservation strategies to reduce the runoff and soil erosion as major contributors of flooding.

Contribution of GIS to Soil Landscape Mapping by Multi-Criteria Analysis Using Weighting: The Case of the Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro (Centre) and Daloa (Centre-West) in Ivory Coast

As part of the drive to improve coffee and cocoa production in Ivory Coast, studies are carried out to identify soils that are favourable for these crops. It is therefore necessary to orientate soil investigations based on reliable criteria that best discriminate soil cover. With this in mind, this study is being carried out to help improve survey methods by mapping soil landscapes. It uses GIS and weighted multicriteria analysis. To do this, satellite images were processed and the geological map of the square degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa was reclassified. The results show that relief is the main factor in soil landscape differentiation, with respective weights of 0.58 and 0.67 for the forest and pre-forest zones. In contrast, the weight of geological formation in soil landscape differentiation remains low (0.05 for the forest zone and 0.07 for the pre-forest zone). The criteria used on the base of aggregation sum methods have made it possible to formulate soil landscape mapping prediction functions according to agro-ecological environments in the humid intertropical zone. This is essential for the orientation of soil survey work. Nevertheless, other comparative methods, such as the coding mapping method, could provide elements for discussion to validate the models.

A Single Feasibility Study of System Multi-feature Analysis and Evaluation Tool Based on AADL Model

The tool for analyzing and evaluating system characteristics based on the AADL model can achieve real-time,reliability,security,and schedulability analysis and evaluation for software-intensive systems.It provides a complete solution for quality analysis of real-time,reliability,safety,and schedulability in the design and demonstration stages of software-intensive systems.By using the system′s multi-characteristic(real-time capability,reliability,safety,schedulability)analysis and evaluation tool based on AADL models,it can meet the software non-functional requirements stipulated by the existing model development standards and specifications.This effectively enhances the efficiency of demonstrating the compliance of the system′s non-functional quality attributes in the design work of our unit′s software-intensive system.It can also improve the performance of our unit′s software-intensive system in engineering inspections and requirement reviews conducted by various organizations.The improvement in the quality level of software-intensive systems can enhance the market competitiveness of our unit′s electronic products.

Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method Based on an Improved Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hamacher Weighted Average Operator and Grey Relational Analysis

This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCGDM) method based on the improved single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging (ISNHWA) operator and grey relational analysis (GRA) to overcome the limitations of present methods based on aggregation operators. First, the limitations of several existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators (i.e. , the single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted algebraic averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted Einstein averaging, single-valued neutrosophic Frank weighted averaging, and single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging operators), which can produce some indeterminate terms in the aggregation process, are discussed. Second, an ISNHWA operator was developed to overcome the limitations of existing operators. Third, the properties of the proposed operator, including idempotency, boundedness, monotonicity, and commutativity, were analyzed. Application examples confirmed that the ISNHWA operator and the proposed MCGDM method are rational and effective. The proposed improved ISNHWA operator and MCGDM method can overcome the indeterminate results in some special cases in existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators and MCGDM methods.

Multi-genome evolutionary study of the ABC1 gene family and identification of the pleiotropic effects of OsABC1-13 in rice development

In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.

Temperature-Triggered Hardware Trojan Based Algebraic Fault Analysis of SKINNY-64-64 Lightweight Block Cipher

SKINNY-64-64 is a lightweight block cipher with a 64-bit block length and key length,and it is mainly used on the Internet of Things(IoT).Currently,faults can be injected into cryptographic devices by attackers in a variety of ways,but it is still difficult to achieve a precisely located fault attacks at a low cost,whereas a Hardware Trojan(HT)can realize this.Temperature,as a physical quantity incidental to the operation of a cryptographic device,is easily overlooked.In this paper,a temperature-triggered HT(THT)is designed,which,when activated,causes a specific bit of the intermediate state of the SKINNY-64-64 to be flipped.Further,in this paper,a THT-based algebraic fault analysis(THT-AFA)method is proposed.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,experiments on algebraic fault analysis(AFA)and THT-AFA have been carried out on SKINNY-64-64.In the THT-AFA for SKINNY-64-64,it is only required to activate the THT 3 times to obtain the master key with a 100%success rate,and the average time for the attack is 64.57 s.However,when performing AFA on this cipher,we provide a relation-ship between the number of different faults and the residual entropy of the key.In comparison,our proposed THT-AFA method has better performance in terms of attack efficiency.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first HT attack on SKINNY-64-64.

Multi-Criteria Wildfire Risk Hazard Assessment in GIS Environment: Projection for the Future and Impact on RES Projects Installation Planning

It is alarming for the fact that Wildfires number, severity and consequently impact have significantly increased during the last years, an aftermath of the Climate Change. One of the most affected areas worldwide is Mediterranean, due to the unique combination of its type of vegetation and demanding climatic conditions. This research is focused on the Region of Epirus in Greece, an area with significant natural vegetation and a range of geomorphological aspects. In order to estimate the Wildfire Risk Hazard, several factors have been used: geomorphological (slope, aspect, elevation, TWI, Hydrographic network), social (Settlements and landfils, roads, overhead lines and substations), environmental (land cover) and climatic (Fire Weather Index). Through a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a GIS environment, the Wildfire Risk Hazard has been estimated not only for current conditions but also for future projections for the near future (2031-2060) and the far future (2071-2100). The selected case study includes the potential impact of the Wildfires to the installed (or targeted to be installed) RES projects in the studied region.

A Comparative Analysis of the New -3(-n) - 1 Remer Conjecture and a Proof of the 3n + 1 Collatz Conjecture

This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true.

Integrated use of GIS, remote sensing and multi-criteria decision analysis to assess ecological land suitability in multi-functional forestry

The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.

Using Cellular Automata-Markov Analysis and Multi Criteria Evaluation for Predicting the Shape of the Dead Sea

In order to make a rational prediction of the Dead Sea shape, data were prepared for suitability map creation using Markov Chain analysis and Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE). Then, Markov Cellular Automata model and spatial statistics were used in prediction and validation processes. The validation process shows a standard Kappa index of 0.9545 which means a strong relation between the model and reality. The predicted shapes of years 2020, 2030 and 2040 follow the same conditions from 1984 to 2010. The predicted areas of 2020, 2030 and 2040 are 610, 591 and 574 km2 which are considered a logical extension of the trend from 1984 till 2010. This study can be used as an environmental alert in order to keep the Dead Sea alive. Moreover, Markov-Cellular Automata model can be used to predict closed seas as the Dead Sea from remote sensed data.

Melt Index Prediction by Neural Soft-Sensor Based on Multi-Scale Analysis and Principal Component Analysis

熔体流动指数( MI )的预言，在决定产品的最重要的参数“ s 等级和在实际工业进程生产的聚丙烯的质量管理， isstudied.A 小说有主要组分分析( PCA )的软传感器的模型，光线的基础函数( RBF )网络，并且多尺度的分析( MSA )被建议从真实进程变量推断生产产品的 MI ，在 PCA 被执行选择最相关的进程特征并且消除输入变量的关联的地方， MSA 被介绍获得更多信息并且减少系统的不确定性，并且 RBF 网络被用来描绘这进程的非线性。研究结果证明建议方法提供有希望的预言可靠性和精确性，并且想了在丙烯聚合过程有广泛的应用程序前景。

Multi-factor analysis of initial poor graft function after orthotopic liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: In the early period of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), initial poor graft function (IPGF) is one of the complications which leads to primary graft non-function (PGNF) in serious cases. This study set out to establish the clinical risk factors resulting in IPGF after OLT. METHODS: Eighty cases of OLT were analyzed. The IPGF group consisted of patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) above 1500 IU/L within 72 hours after OLT, while those in the non-IPGF group had values below 1500 IU/L. Recipient-associated factors before OLT analyzed were age, sex, primary liver disease and Child-Pugh classification; factors analyzed within the peri-operative period were non-heart beating time (NHBT), cold ischemia time (CIT), rewarming ischemic time (RWIT), liver biopsy at the end of cold ischemia; and factors analyzed within 72 hours after OLT were ALT and/or AST values. A logistic regression model was applied to filter the possible factors resulting in IPGF. RESULTS: Donor NHBT, CIT and RWIT were significantly longer in the IPGF group than in the non-IPGF group; in the logistic regression model, NHBT was the risk factor leading to IPGF (P < 0.05), while CIT and RWIT were possible risk factors. In one case in the IPGF group, PGNF appeared with moderate hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Longer NHBT is an important risk factor leading to IPGF, while serious steatosis in the donor liver, CIT and RWIT are potential risk factors.

Multi-Strategy Dynamic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks: Modeling, Analysis and Optimization

Dynamic spectrum access(DSA) based on cognitive radios(CR) technique is an effective approach to address the "spectrum scarcity" issue. However, traditional CR-enabled DSA system employs only single DSA strategy, which might not be suited to the dynamic network environment. In this paper, we propose a multi-strategy DSA(MS-DSA) system, where the primary and the secondary system share spectrum resources with multiple DSA strategies simultaneously. To analyze the performance of the proposed MS-DSA system, we model it as a continuous-time Markov chain(CTMC) and derive the expressions to compute the corresponding performance metrics. Based on this, we define a utility function involving the concerns of effective throughput, interference quantity on primary users, and spectrum leasing cost. Two optimization schemes, named as spectrum allocation and false alarm probability selection, are proposed to maximize the utility function. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to validate our analysis and demonstrate that the performance can be significantly improved caused by virtues of the proposed MS-DSA system.

On-line Batch Process Monitoring with Improved Multi-way Independent Component Analysis

In the past decades, on-line monitoring of batch processes using multi-way independent component analysis (MICA) has received considerable attention in both academia and industry. This paper focuses on two troublesome issues concerning selecting dominant independent components without a standard criterion and determining the control limits of monitoring statistics in the presence of non-Gaussian distribution. To optimize the number of key independent components, we introduce a novel concept of system deviation, which is able to evaluate the reconstructed observations with different independent components. The monitored statistics are transformed to Gaussian distribution data by means of Box-Cox transformation, which helps readily determine the control limits. The proposed method is applied to on-line monitoring of a fed-batch penicillin fermentation simulator, and the experimental results indicate the advantages of the improved MICA monitoring compared to the conventional methods.

Pest Detection Method Using Multi-Fractal Analysis

为害虫察觉的一个新奇方法基于多分数维的光谱的理论被建议在植物 leaves.Both 上提取害虫图象整齐的本地、全球的信息被多分数维的 analysis.By 适用获得分数维的尺寸，没有松开或介绍图象的不同部分是的任何 information.The ，叶图象上的点能被提取由形态学操作到的重新分析决定多分数维的分析的 pests.The 性能的候选人区域

Finite element analysis of multi-piece post-crown restoration using different types of adhesives

The multi-piece post-crown technique is more effective in restoring residual root than other restoration techniques.Various types of adhesives have different material properties that affect restoration.Therefore,the choice of adhesive is particularly important for patients.However,the effect of different kinds of adhesives was not too precise by experimental methods when concerning about individual differences of teeth.One tooth root can only be restored with one type of adhesive in experiment.After the mechanical test,this tooth root cannot be restored with other adhesives.With the help of medical imaging technology,reverse engineering and finite element analysis,a molar model can be reconstructed precisely and restored using different types of adhesives.The same occlusal and chewing loads were exerted on the same restored residual root models with different types of adhesives separately.Results of von Mises stress analysis showed that the adhesives with low Young’s modulus can protect the root canal effectively.However,a root canal concentration is apparently produced around the root canal orifice when chewing.Adhesives with large Young’s modulus can buffer the stress concentration of the root canal orifice.However,the root canal tissue may be destroyed because the adhesive is too hard to buffer the load.

FE simulation and process analysis on forming of aluminum alloy multi-layer cylinder parts with flow control forming

The aluminum alloy parts used in airbag of car were studied with flow control forming(FCF) method, which was a good way to low forming force and better mechanical properties. The key technology of FCF was the design of control chamber to divide metal flow. So, the design method of FCF was analyzed and two type of control chamber were put forward. According to divisional principle, calculation model of forming force and approximate formula were given. Then forming process of aluminum alloy multi-layer cylinder parts was simulated. The effect of friction factor, die radius and punch velocity on metal flow and forming force was obtained. Finally, the experiment was preformed under the direction of theory and finite element(FE) simulation results. And the qualified parts were manufactured. The simulation data and experimental results show that the forming sequence of inner wall and outer wall, and then the force step, can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters. And the FCF technology proposed has very important application value in precision forging.

Multi-scale analysis of earthquake activity in Chinese mainland

Identifying the active and inactive period of earthquakes in Chinese mainland is of great importance for guiding mid-short term, especially short term, earthquake forecast.……

SIMULATION OF CRACK DIAGNOSIS OF ROTOR BASED ON MULTI-SCALE SINGUUR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

In the diagnosis of rotor crack based on wavelet analysis, it is a painful task to find out an adaptive mother wavelet as many of them can be chosen and the analytic results of different mother wavelets are yet not the same. For this limitation of wavelet analysis, a novel diagnostic approach of rotor crack based on multi-scale singular-spectrum analysis （MS-SSA） is proposed. Firstly, a Jeffcott model of a cracked rotor is developed and the forth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the motion equations of this rotor to obtain its time response （signals）. Secondly, a comparatively simple approach of MS-SSA is presented and the empirical orthogonal functions of different orders in various scales are regarded as analyzing functions. At last, the signals of the cracked rotor and an uncracked rotor are analyzed using the proposed approach of MS-SSA, and the simulative results are compared. The results show that, the data-adaptive analyzing functions can capture many features of signals and the rotor crack can be identified and diagnosed effectively by comparing the analytic results of signals of the cracked rotor with those of the uncracked rotor using the analyzing functions of different orders.

MULTI-PEAK MATCH INTENSITY RATIO METHOD OF QUANTI-TATIVE X-RAY DIFFRACTION PHASE ANALYSIS

A new method for quantitative phase analysis is proposed by using X-ray diffraction multi-peak match intensity ratio. This method can obtain the multi-peak match intensity ratio among each phase in the mixture sample by using all diffraction peak data in the mixture sample X-ray diffraction spectrum and combining the relative intensity distribution data of each phase standard peak in JCPDS card to carry on the least square method regression analysis. It is benefit to improve the precision of quantitative phase analysis that the given single line ratio which is usually adopted is taken the place of the multi-peak match intensity ratio and is used in X-ray diffraction quantitative phase analysis of the mixture sample. By analyzing four-group mixture sample, adopting multi-peak match intensity ratio and X-ray diffraction quantitative phase analysis principle of combining the adiabatic and matrix flushing method, it is tested that the experimental results are identical with theory.