Genotype 3 is the predominant hepatitis C genotype in a multi-ethnic Asian population in Malaysia

BACKGROUND： Genotypes of hepatitis C virus （HCV） are distributed differently across the world. There is a paucity of such data in a multi-ethnic Asian population like Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes between major ethnic groups and to ascer- tain their association with basic demographic variables like age and gender.

Racial Differences Effects on Oral Health and Periodontal Diseases Extent, Staging and Grading among the Multi-Ethnic Expatriates in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progression. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the racial differences on oral health and periodontal disease extent, staging, and grading among the multi-ethnic expatriates in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 expatriates in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three equal racial different groups (n = 100), Arabs (AR), Asians (AS), and Africans (AF). The interviews of all participants were completed then the clinical examinations of periodontal diseases extent, staging, and grading parameters were performed. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, and Chi-square test. The statistical significance level was determined at p < 0.05. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups in clinical parameters except in GBI, PCR, FI, TFO, and BC, where there were no statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups. There were differences associated with age, gender, smoking, and diabetes, without statistically significant differences among the three racial groups. Conclusion: We concluded that most participants in this study had a generalized severe grade 4 plaque-induced gingivitis and localized periodontitis stage III grade B.

Selection Method of Multi-Objective Problems Using Genetic Algorithm in Motion Plan of AUV

To research the effect of the selection method of multi-objects genetic algorithm problem on optimizing result, thismethod is analyzed theoretically and discussed by using an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) as an object. A changingweight vtlue method is put forward and a selection formula is modified. Some experiments were implemented on an AUV.TwinBurger. The results shows that this method is effective and feasible.

Multi-features Based Approach for Moving Shadow Detection

In the video-based surveillance application, moving shadows can affect the correct localization and detection of moving objects. This paper aims to present a method for shadow detection and suppression used for moving visual object detection. The major novelty of the shadow suppression is the integration of several features including photometric invariant color feature, motion edge feature, and spatial feature etc. By modifying process for false shadow detected, the averaging detection rate of moving object reaches above 90% in the test of Hall-Monitor sequence.

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

A Comparative Study of Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Multi -site Cardiac Pacing in patients with cardiac function NYHA class ⅠtoⅡ without bundle branch block

Objective To compare the acute hemodynamic effects of five different pacing modes in patients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ without bundle branch block (BBB). Methods This study included 12 patients (SSS 7, Ⅲ°AVB 5) undergoing pacemaker implantation. Right ventricular apex (RVA), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), right ventricular bifocal (RV-Bi), left ventricular base (LVB) and bi -ventricular (Bi-Ⅴ) pacing at 60 -80 ppm were done in VVI mode prior to implantation of DDD pacemaker. The cardiac index (CI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were measured with Swan - Ganz thermodilution catheter after 5 minutes of each pacing mode. Results (1) Comparing to pacing at RVA (CI: 2. 41± 0. 38 L/min per m2, PCWP: 16. 7 ±3.3 mmHg), the CI increased and the PCWP decreased significantly in pacing at RVOT(CI: 2. 63 ± 0.46, PCWP: 13. 8±2. 3), LVB(CI: 2. 78±0.52, PCWP: 14. 4±3.1), RV-Bi(CI: 2. 83±0.57, PCWP: 12. 8± 2. 5) and Bi -Ⅴ pacing (CI: 2. 94± 0.60, PCWP: 12. 7±2. 5), P < 0. 01, respectively. (2) The CI of RV-Bi and Bi-Ⅴ pacing was higher than that of RVOT and LVB pacing, the PCWP was lower, P < 0. 05, respectively. (3) There was no significant difference between RV - Bi pacing and Bi-Ⅴ pacing in CI and PCWP. Conclusion There is no significant difference between RV - Bi pacing and Bi -V pacing in the acute hemodynamic effects; however,dual - site pacing is much better than single site pacing in that aspect for patients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ without BBB. Among single site pacing, the RVOT and LVB pacing is better than RVA pacing in cardiac function.

Research on A Master - slave Multi - microcomputers Control System for Hollow Spindle Fancy Yarn Spinning Machine

In this paper, a successfully studied and developed master - slave muld - microcomputers control system based on PC - BUS for hollow spindle fancy yarn spinning machine, mainly Its overall scheme, software and hardware construction, is introduced. Spinning experiments show that the system achieves satisfactory result. This system can solve the diftkultles of mechatronical fusion between domestic hollow splndk fancy yarn spuming muchine and its microcomputer control technology.

On the Representation of Multi-layer Woven Structure

A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.

Computer-aided Pattern Design of Multi-bar Warp Knitted Fabrics

To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.

节日表达与文化共生:节日促进散杂居地区民族乡村民族交往交流交融研究

散杂居地区民族乡村在经济发展上互为补充、文化上相互吸纳、生活上互相尊重,其节日文化中烙刻着中华民族共有的文化基因,成为散杂居地区民族乡村各民族交往交流交融的载体和媒介。就节日符号而言,可划分为中华民族共有传统节日、少数民族特色传统节日和新型节日。就节日促进散杂居地区民族乡村交往交流交融的媒介价值与实践逻辑而言,在日常生活实践、社会互动和文化认同中表明节日可以促进散杂居地区民族乡村各民族交往交流交融,并以节日为媒介构建出经济空间、互动空间和仪式空间来展现其实践逻辑,维系了地方认同和民族内聚力,促进了民族交往交流交融。重视挖掘节日的共有共享媒介价值,促进散杂居地区民族乡村各民族群众的广泛交往、全面交流、深度交融。

秦汉时期统一多民族国家语境下的“中国”认同

在统一多民族国家的政治环境和“天下一家”语境下,四裔归属意识的不断增强,是秦汉时期的“中国”认同获得空前发展的根本机制。郡县制管理体制机制下东西南北各地、各族居民先后被“编户化”而统称为“秦人”和“汉人”,意味着在秦汉王朝疆域版图之内各族居民在共同的政治、经济、文化政策下,相互认同而实现的空前民族统一,体现出当时东西南北各族对以秦汉王朝为代表的“中国”,在政治、经济、文化等维度下的全方位认同。这是中国古代国家形态、民族内涵及其关系格局发展过程中出现的一次具有里程碑意义的重大转机,这种直接以统一帝国疆域划定的规模空前的统一民族共同体的出现,对于后世中华民族共同体意识的凝聚,具有重要的奠基意义。

基于生态安全格局的云南世居民族所在地生态韧性评价研究

云南世居民族所在地是基于传统生态智慧世代延续,以自然系统与社会系统相互嵌套为特点的自然–文化遗产,而现代性和社会经济的快速发展使得世居民族所在地不断被蚕食和消解.研究基于韧性理念,利用多源数据,从稳定性、适宜性、冗余度、多样性4个层面构建云南世居民族所在地生态安全格局和生态韧性耦合框架,对藏、彝、傣族所在地2000—2020年生态韧性进行评价研究.结果表明,近20 a来,世居民族所在地总体生态韧性水平为中等,呈现逐年降低的趋势.高水平韧性区多分布于林地,存在连续但细碎化的分布特征.低水平生态韧性多分布于道路缓冲区2 km以内,路网的社会扰动内涵很大程度上影响生态韧性强度.20 a来平均生态韧性指数傣族所在地(0.6420)>彝族所在地(0.5602)>藏族所在地(0.5344).影响各世居民族所在地生态韧性的原因存在差异,地质灾害防护格局和水生环境安全格局是影响生态韧性的主要因素.

全球化变局下的中国统一多民族国家建设

第一、二波全球化是由西方主导的全球化。第三波全球化,则是当代中国通过改革开放以及经济全球化进而参与并推动全球经济体系建构的全球化。全球化变局下,奈格里式集资本、技术与网络三位一体的“帝国”观日渐式微。主权民族国家的复兴,尤其是美国的帝国化趋势,加剧了国际社会的紧张。面对全球化变局,必须坚持中国共产党的领导,把握并赓续现代中国统一多民族国家建设的传统,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,建设中华民族现代文明,巩固统一多民族国家的社会基础,推进统一多民族国家的认同建设。

11世纪扎塘寺壁画之供养人题材研究

佛教艺术中的供养人题材,从北传路线的角度看,早在汉晋时期已经出现。西北地区以敦煌石窟艺术为首的壁画群中可以见到供养人题材在唐宋时期大为盛行,形成一条与佛教教义教理传播并行的发展模式,其背后的文化内涵除了展示世俗社会权贵阶层对佛教的尊崇膜拜,更具历史图像志价值,对当时的政治集团内权贵等级、社会分层乃至重大历史事件记录都多有涉及,大到统治集团人员的形象,小到服饰与等级制度,往往能以小见大,是极为珍贵的民族图像志资料。正因为如此,宗教艺术遗存中的供养人形象,更具有民俗风情记录的特征,是当时社会与习俗各个方面的图像记录。文章聚焦11世纪后期位于卫藏腹心区域的扎塘寺壁画中的供养人形象,除了探讨扎塘寺早期壁画在卫藏11世纪佛教艺术史中的独特性,还就北宋年间卫藏艺术中多民族文化交流融合状况做了讨论。

边缘活力与“西游故事”的多民族叙述

“西游故事”的演化传播是在中华文学版图内发生的,是在中原动力与边缘活力“内聚外活”的文化力学结构内实现的。边缘地带的多民族叙述一方面容受中原文化,又反馈于中原文化,一方面吸纳异域文化,又经内部多民族交流整合后向中原输送,仿佛“两重滤器”。在古代“一带一路”的历史空间背景下,西北、西南、东南多民族地区表现得格外活跃:以敦煌为中心的西北板块承担了故事早期演化的主动力功能;由川滇缅印通道贯穿的西南板块贮存了故事早期形态的“活化石”;以泉州为中心的东南板块将海外因子与闽地民间信仰结合,推动了人物形象的完善、定型。北方少数民族入主中原带来的新活力,则推动了故事的世情化、戏谑化、游戏化转型。

多民族小区域社会共同性的形成——以贵州榕江县“宰牙四寨”为例

铸牢中华民族共同体意识,需要从各民族的交往交流交融历史实践中去认知和理解共同拥有的文化认同基础,进而才能引导新时代民族工作主线的具体实践。本文聚焦于贵州榕江县郎洞镇的宰牙四寨小区域社会,梳理自清代雍正年间国家“开辟”建制治理下,重构了村寨人群地理空间,使之步入苗、侗、汉等多民族共居互动的社会结构过程。在几百年的历史发展中,一方面是各民族面临相同的自然与社会生境,形成了共同的社会诉求和生活方式,一些被认为对共同生活与社会秩序稳定有保障的族性社会文化规则,被接纳重构为地缘性规则;另一方面是国家制度、文化理念、通用文字及现代民族平等政策等先后植入,与地方社会文化传统互动,生成新的整合机制,进一步强化了超越单一民族的小区域共同体凝聚。该个案的意义在于透析出具有共同性的“文化中国”是由若干类似超越族性的小区域共同体及其文化共遵共享连缀而成的。

马克思共同体思想视域下铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论分析和路径探索

马克思共同体思想理论精髓在于自由人联合体,马克思的“真正的共同体”以追求人类解放为定位。中华民族共同体是马克思共同体思想影响下结合我国国情的“共同体”表现形式。本文从“现实的人”“个体与共同体”等方面探讨两者的关系,进而从马克思共同体思想思考铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践路径,主要从生产力发展、中国特色社会主义制度、社会主义核心价值观三个视角来探讨铸牢中华民族共同体意识的经济基础、制度基础和思想基础。

城市多民族聚居区基层法治政府建设之我见

党的十八大以来,随着全面推进依法治国战略的逐步深化,城市多民族聚居区基层政府法治建设取得了长足进步,但是在实践中较之一般区域的法治建设仍存在选择性执法等明显短板。通过对城市多民族聚居区进行调研,发现影响区域法治政府建设的因素,既有法治政府建设过程中存在的共性问题如执法力量薄弱、执法机制不顺畅等,也有受区域内民族宗教问题影响等个性因素。立足城市多民族聚居区域实际,以问题为导向,一方面要通过加强整合执法力量、创新执法机制等方式提高基层政府的法治能力,另一方面要通过加强法治宣传教育,促进法治、德治、自治相结合,改善基层政府法治建设环境,做到既依法保护民族宗教利益、群众的合法权益,又维护法治权威。

《格萨尔》多民族交融的特点与启示

多民族共创、共享、共传的英雄史诗《格萨尔》,是中华民族共同体形成与发展过程中多民族之间相互理解、相互欣赏、相互尊重、相互学习的范例,生动地展现了少数民族文学之间的相互影响、汉族文学对少数民族文学的影响以及少数民族文学对汉族文学影响的特点,对深刻理解和认识中华民族共同体有着独特的学术价值和现实意义。中华人民共和国成立后,多民族学者构成的研究队伍对《格萨尔》的搜集与研究不仅是贯彻执行党的民族政策与文艺政策的典范,更是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的生动实践。应该客观地描述《格萨尔》流布过程中呈现出的中国多民族交往交流交融的历史和现实,科学地阐释其呈现出的特点和规律,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论建设提供重要的支撑和启示,充分利用人文数字技术,使《格萨尔》以多模态的形式走进了中国各民族生活中,成为中华民族共享的文化符号,进而有效地推进铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践工作向纵深发展。

交互共存:从甘青“花儿”看多民族的交往交流交融

“花儿”是生长在西北大地上的一朵艺术奇葩,蕴含丰厚的历史积淀和文化内涵。“花儿”是西北地区多民族集体的智慧结晶,也是多民族交往交流交融的文化自信和文化认同的基质。在中华文化的大熔炉中,“花儿”是其中的瑰宝,它的旋律流淌过岁月的文化长河,歌词浸染着各民族文化的鲜明色彩,以摄魂夺魄的艺术魅力,涤荡着千千万万民众的心灵,真正彰显了各民族交融共生的社会理路。文章以传唱在甘青地区最为广泛的河州“花儿”为例,以交互共存的文化特质为切入点,探讨甘青“花儿”中呈现的多民族交往交流交融,以期为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供养分,为实现中华民族伟大复兴凝聚精神力量。